“严肃”抑或“深度”——理论隐喻视角下的serious leisure译名辨析

Serious leisure作为“严肃休闲”理论中的核心概念,在华语圈已被使用了近二十年,并衍生出“严肃”“深度”等通行译名。然而迄今为止,罕有学者对该概念各种译名使用恰当与否做深入辨析。从与原始理论隐喻相契合的角度来看,serious两种较为通用的译名“严肃”与“深度”各有优劣:“严肃”从主观方面反映了严肃休闲活动者的矛盾意愿与抗争能动性,却难以体现活动本身的纵深发展倾向;“深度”则自客观方面揭示了严肃休闲活动的动态过程与生涯持续性,却忽视了活动者的主体意志。如果以斯特宾斯原始理论为基点,综合考虑词源考证与原始词义、隐喻契合、语境使用三方面要素的话,“严肃”或为更适用译名,但某些语境之下可考虑替换为“深度”。

Associations between residence and cognitive function among Chinese older adults: the mediating role of leisure activity

Background:Cognitive function is a current research hotspot,residence may be related to differences in cognitive function,and the mediating role of leisure activities are limited in Chinese research.This study used leisure activities as a mediating variable to investigate the mediating role of leisure activity between place of residence(city-town-rural)and cognitive function among Chinese older,this is where the innovation of the article comes in.Methods:Using cross-sectional data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,Pearson correlation analyses were employed to examine the relationships among various indicators.Mediation analyses were conducted using the SPSS PROCESS macro program,version 3.5,written by Hayes,to explore the mediating effects of leisure activity between place of residence and cognitive function in older adults.Results:A total of 10955 older adults were included in this study,with a mean age of(84.23±11.57)years.Among them,2739(24.8%)lived in the city,3627(33.1%)in town,and 4615(42.1%)in rural areas;their leisure activity score was(5.34±3.77),and their cognitive function score was(24.69±6.65).Place of residence,leisure activities,and cognitive function were significantly correlated(P<0.01).Using city as a reference,place of residence is negatively associated with cognitive function,and place of residence not only had a direct effect on cognitive function in older adults:town-cognitive function(effect=–0.399;95%confidence interval(CI)=(–0.685,–0.113));rural-cognitive function(effect=–0.42;95%CI=(–0.698,–0.141)).There were also indirect effects on cognitive function through the pathway of leisure activity:town-leisure activity-cognitive function(effect=–0.17;95%CI=(–0.246,–0.1)),rural-leisure activity-cognitive function(effect=–0.199;95%CI=(–0.272,–0.13)).Conclusion:Leisure activities play a partially mediating role between the impact of place of residence and cognitive function in Chinese older adults,and it is vital to pay attention to the impact of place of residence on the cognitive function of older adults in various aspects,and to increase the participation rate of older adults in leisure activities,which is beneficial to the prevention of cognitive decline and the protection of older adult’s physical and mental health.

A Study on the Relationship Paths Between Leisure and Well-Being of Elderly Residents

With the increasing of the elderly population in China,the aging of population has become an important issue that cannot be ignored in the development of our country.Based on the social support theory,this study surveyed elderly residents in Shanghai to construct and explore the driving model of well-being of elderly residents in China.The results indicated that leisure motivation of elderly residents in China significantly affected their leisure involvement;leisure involvement was related to leisure satisfaction of the elderly;leisure satisfaction had a significant positive effect on well-being of the elderly.Moreover,a series of managerial implications and recommendations were provided to formulate leisure management policies for the elderly,meet their leisure needs,and improve their well-being.

Research on Leisure Agriculture Development Based on Red Tourist Area in Ningxiang County of Hunan Province,China

Based on development of leisure agriculture in Ningxiang County,the existing problems had been analyzed,conditions for leisure agriculture development in Ningxiang County had been summarized,which included good natural conditions and abundant leisure agricultural resources;advantageous social economic conditions and excellent transportation,reference from domestic and foreign leisure agriculture.In view of these advantages,development conception had been further proposed and it was considered that it should enhance publicity,build brand and cultivate source market of leisure agriculture;conduct scientific decision and reasonable planning,develop leisure agricultural tourist area at suburb;pay attention to ecology,protect environment and walk sustainable development road.As for leisure agriculture in Ningxiang,four tourist areas should be divided,which were suburban rest tourist area in the north,celebrity hometown tourist area in the east,hot spring recuperation vacation area in the south and landscape religious tourist area in the west.

Landscape Design of Folk Workshop Garden in Jifa Leisure Farm of Beidaihe

In view of the problems in the landscape design of present leisure farms,Folk Workshop Garden in Jifa Leisure Farm of Beidaihe is taken for an example,general conditions of the base,design layout and functional zoning are analyzed to provide advices for the landscape design of similar leisure farms.

Study on Construction Mode of Leisure City ——A Case Study of Langfang City in Hebei Province

Based on the analysis of development advantages of Langfang City,a construction mode of leisure Langfang City was constructed,which was "taking commercial leisure as the leading guidance,public leisure as the supplement,and brand festival as the main line".Finally,some experiences for leisure city construction were summarized,so as to provide reference for leisure construction of cities which were lack of traditional tourism resources.

Plan and Practice of Ecological and Leisure Agricultural Demonstration Park ——A case of Xiangtian Village in Jin'an County

With Xiangtian Village, Jin＇an County as an example, development objec- tive and functional orientation of ecological and leisure agricultural demonstration park were described in detail, based on which a characteristic and promising plan of the park was proposed.

The Comparative Approach on Outdoor Leisure Behavior of Urban Elderly People:A Case Study in Beijing

With the income increase of elderly people in Beijing and the improvement of leisure facilities since 2000, the quality of elderly people leisure life in Beijing has obviously increased com- pared to ten years ago. According to the investigation and com- parative analysis on more than 900 elderly people, who usually exercise in public parks in Beijing City, we have found out several new features of elderly people＇s outdoor recreation in Belting： the increase of the leisure time, the expansion of leisure space, the in- dividuation of interest and the diversification of consumption. The leisure life quality evaluation index system of urban elderly people can be built based on these analyses. In order to accommodate the development tendency of elderly people＇s demand for leisure diversification, we should strengthen the organization and manage- ment of elderly people＇s leisure activity in urban construction, and pay more attention to function complementation between commu- nities and parks.

Study on Development Mode of Tropical Leisure Agricultural Resources in Hainan

Through investigation and evaluation of Hainan resources,based on the actual situation of Hainan,following modes were developed which were pastoral agricultural sightseeing mode,folk-custom tourism mode,town and village customs tourism mode,leisure vacation mode,popular science education mode and return-to-nature tourism mode,so as to promote rapid development of leisure agriculture in Hainan.

Spatial Pattern of Leisure Agriculture in Baoding City for Its Docking with Beijing and Tianjin

By reviewing advantageous location of Baoding City in the green economic circle of capital rim, as well as its resource and environmental advantages, present development and future trend of leisure agriculture in Baoding City were analyzed, SWOT analysis of its conditions for the docking with Beijing and Tianjin was carried out, its strengths were demonstrated in policy, location, passenger origin and humanistic environment; its weaknesses were proposed as: lack of integrated planning, unitary, scattered and low-grade products, incomplete infrastructure and management service system, inadequate efforts in propagation; opportunities: development of the green economic circle of capital rim, stable promotion of new countryside construction, economic development and changing concepts of people; threats: competition of neighboring regions. On this basis, internal and external environment that leisure agriculture of Baoding City must have to realize its docking with Beijing and Tianjin were studied, and then it was proposed that spatial pattern docking was the first step, and the docking should be realized in rings and modules.

Research on the Development of Leisure Agriculture Tourism in the Area around Poyang Lake

Leisure agriculture tourism is the combination of agriculture and tourism,which is an important part of the new rural construction.The area around Poyang Lake is rich in flora and fauna,landscape,agricultural and fishing products,folk and other natural and cultural resources,so it has good infrastructure of leisure agriculture tourism.Under the background of the formal approval of "Planning of eco-economical region in the area of Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province" by the State Council,which aims to escalate the constructing of Poyang Lake from eco-economical region to national strategic policy,leisure agriculture tourism in the area around Poyang Lake has broad development prospects.This paper discussed the advantages,and disadvantages of the development and management of leisure agriculture tourism in the area around Poyang Lake,and also put forward some suggestions and countermeasures.

Research on Development of Leisure Agriculture in Beijing Suburb

Leisure agriculture in Beijing suburb enjoys a promising prospect with wide customer sources and policy supports. The research performed analysis on man- agement status and employees of leisure agriculture-oriented industrial parks in Daxing District by questionnaire survey in order to seek development strategies and promote transformation and updating of leisure agriculture in Daxing District. The re- sults showed that there are some problems in leisure agricultural parks in terms of software or hardware and some suggestions are proposed, including environment updating, product updating, brand updating, industry structure updating, scale updat- ing, organization updating, and talent updating, in order to promote social brand and improve economic profits of leisure agriculture in Daxing District.

Study on Development Countermeasures of Hot-spring Leisure Tourism in Xingzi County of Jiangxi Province

Taking Xingzi hot spring in Jiangxi for an example and tourist behaviors of hot-spring tourism as the research object,tourist behaviors and psychological feelings were analyzed in this study to discuss the sustainable Development Countermeasures of hot-spring tourism.

Tropical Leisure Agro-tourism in the Context of Constructing International Tourism Island in Hainan

The construction of Hainan International Tourism Island creates a promising prospect for the development of its tropical leisure agro-tourism, and the latter will contribute a lot to the former in the fields of economy, ecology and culture. The present situation and development prospects of tropical leisure agro-tourism in the context of constructing International Tourism Island in Hainan are introduced in this study, SWOT analysis of tropical leisure agro-tourism in Hainan is conducted, causes of imperfect tropical leisure agro-tourism in Hainan Island are elaborated such as insufficient understanding and investment, fragile infrastructure and lack of overall tourism planning despite its abundant tropical agricultural resources, marine resources, forest resources and ecological resources as well as convenient transportation. Combining with the opportunities and challenges in developing tourism industry, targeted strategies are proposed for promoting the tropical leisure agro-tourism, that is, enhancing understanding about leisure agro-tourism; determining the target and orientation of tourism planning through basic classification, properly defining functional divisions and spatial layout; improving relevant laws and regulations about tourism industry; attaching more importance in attracting alien investment; fully developing the tropical, marine, green and ecological features of tropical leisure agro-tourism in Hainan Island; cultivating resources, scenic spots and products of different types respectively in tourism development, especially culturing typical products; protecting ecological environment, implementing sustainable development of tourism industry; making innovations in marketing, accurately subdividing tourism market.

Research on layout of China leisure agriculture based on sustainable development

Leisure agriculture is a new form of agricultural production and management in the course of agricultural structure adjustment.It is an aggregation of agricultural production and tourism,high-tech and traditional agriculture,agricultural value and regional cultural values.There is the inseparable relationship between Leisure agriculture and sustainable development.Four agricultural areas of China have rich but different agricultural and tourist resources,by which different types of leisure agriculture can be layed out.It is important to make a right orientation for leisure agriculture in various agricultural areas for sustainable development of agriculture in China.

Development of Leisure Agriculture in Hainan

Through in-depth analysis, this paper proposed development planning of leisure agriculture in Hainan. The layout included orderly development and overal planning, connection of three expressways and middle area for recreation and the rest for sightseeing; the site selection should develop depending on central cities, relying on major projects and famous mountains or landscapes; the connotation in-volved exploitation of farming culture, presenting national customs of indigenous people, highlights given to island and coasts and emphasizing tropic agriculture. What＇s more, the suggestions were proposed to advance leisure agriculture of Hainan, including to formulate scientific planning to lead leisure agriculture develop-ment, to give policy supports and enterprise management, to improve promotion and broadening market and to enhance education and improve industry quality. On basis of lots of data and examples, the research enriched the content of leisure agricul-ture in Hainan, which is conductive to development of Hainan leisure agriculture, and of significance for construction of leisure agriculture sites and supports of the agriculture by government.

Space Pattern of Rural Leisure Tourism Development in Southwest Minority Area——A Case Study of Ethnic Minority Area in Southeast Chongqing

On the basis of analysis of current research documents on rural leisure tourism, taking ethnic minority area of Southeast Chongqing for example, the paper expounded ecology, culture, authenticity and uniqueness of rural leisure tourist resources in ethnic minority area, and city-dependent, scenic area-dependent, traffic route-dependent and remote characteristic village type of space pattern.

Serious Leisure and Leisure Motivations Among Self-identified Cyclists

This study examines the leisure motivations among people who participate in cycling as a form of serious leisure. It examines what motivates cyclists to build a life around cycling. This study is a replicative study to Robert G. LaChausse＇s study on leisure motivations among cyclists. This study used the Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure （SLIM） created by James Gould. Participants were contacted through a variety of local and national list serves. Potential applications of this study include education, coaching, training, planning, and the creation of programs to encourage long-term cycling among bike users. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the motivations of mountain bikers, commuter cyclists, and other cyclists using the SLIM created by James Gould and the Leisure Motivation Scale.

On the Possibilities of Leisure Studies in Mozambique： Historical and Sociological Considerations

In this paper, the author examines the possibilities of leisure （studies） in Mozambique. First, the author suggests that leisure can he looked at as a social construct which resulted from the colonial regulation of native labour, particularly between 1890s and 1974. Secondly, the author proposes that people look at the conditions of possibility of leisure in a context dominated by the new moral code of conduct, a cathartic purification of the colonial mentality, introduced through the ideology of the ＂New Man＂ created by the ruling party, Frelimo. Thirdly, the author examines the possibility of leisure in the context of Mozambique＇s adherence to neo-liberalism and market-driven economy after the collapse of socialism. The author concludes by providing the ground to establish lines of inquiry for an eventual field of leisure studies.

Research on Sightseeing Leisure Agricultural Development Based on New Rural Construction——A Case Study of North Jiangsu Province in China

The paper has introduced the connotation of new rural construction,agricultural industrialization,leisure agriculture and North Jiangsu Region,and proposed that leisure agriculture has made following effects on the development of North Jiangsu:promoting rural production of North Jiangsu and improving villagers' life standard;developing agricultural ecological resources in North Jiangsu and facilitating agricultural sustainable development;and transferring surplus labors in North Jiangsu and increasing the value of human resources.It has concluded natural condition,resources condition,human condition and market condition for leisure agricultural development in North Jiangsu.On this basis,it has proposed countermeasures to accelerate leisure agricultural development in North Jiangsu.The government should give political and financial support and provide vocational training;it should create the development concept and business organization mode of leisure agriculture;build service consciousness and make brand publicity with the market as the guidance;perfect government's function,complete organization management and expand public service;and reform rural financial credit system and formulate leisure agriculture insurance measures.