“严肃”抑或“深度”——理论隐喻视角下的serious leisure译名辨析

Serious leisure作为“严肃休闲”理论中的核心概念,在华语圈已被使用了近二十年,并衍生出“严肃”“深度”等通行译名。然而迄今为止,罕有学者对该概念各种译名使用恰当与否做深入辨析。从与原始理论隐喻相契合的角度来看,serious两种较为通用的译名“严肃”与“深度”各有优劣:“严肃”从主观方面反映了严肃休闲活动者的矛盾意愿与抗争能动性,却难以体现活动本身的纵深发展倾向;“深度”则自客观方面揭示了严肃休闲活动的动态过程与生涯持续性,却忽视了活动者的主体意志。如果以斯特宾斯原始理论为基点,综合考虑词源考证与原始词义、隐喻契合、语境使用三方面要素的话,“严肃”或为更适用译名,但某些语境之下可考虑替换为“深度”。

Associations between residence and cognitive function among Chinese older adults: the mediating role of leisure activity

Background:Cognitive function is a current research hotspot,residence may be related to differences in cognitive function,and the mediating role of leisure activities are limited in Chinese research.This study used leisure activities as a mediating variable to investigate the mediating role of leisure activity between place of residence(city-town-rural)and cognitive function among Chinese older,this is where the innovation of the article comes in.Methods:Using cross-sectional data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,Pearson correlation analyses were employed to examine the relationships among various indicators.Mediation analyses were conducted using the SPSS PROCESS macro program,version 3.5,written by Hayes,to explore the mediating effects of leisure activity between place of residence and cognitive function in older adults.Results:A total of 10955 older adults were included in this study,with a mean age of(84.23±11.57)years.Among them,2739(24.8%)lived in the city,3627(33.1%)in town,and 4615(42.1%)in rural areas;their leisure activity score was(5.34±3.77),and their cognitive function score was(24.69±6.65).Place of residence,leisure activities,and cognitive function were significantly correlated(P<0.01).Using city as a reference,place of residence is negatively associated with cognitive function,and place of residence not only had a direct effect on cognitive function in older adults:town-cognitive function(effect=–0.399;95%confidence interval(CI)=(–0.685,–0.113));rural-cognitive function(effect=–0.42;95%CI=(–0.698,–0.141)).There were also indirect effects on cognitive function through the pathway of leisure activity:town-leisure activity-cognitive function(effect=–0.17;95%CI=(–0.246,–0.1)),rural-leisure activity-cognitive function(effect=–0.199;95%CI=(–0.272,–0.13)).Conclusion:Leisure activities play a partially mediating role between the impact of place of residence and cognitive function in Chinese older adults,and it is vital to pay attention to the impact of place of residence on the cognitive function of older adults in various aspects,and to increase the participation rate of older adults in leisure activities,which is beneficial to the prevention of cognitive decline and the protection of older adult’s physical and mental health.

The Impacts of Physical Exercise on Stress Coping and Well-Being in University Students in the Context of Leisure

This study aims at investigating the in-depth information regarding impacts of physical exercise on psychological well-being in university students with an emphasis on coping with stress in the context of leisure. A qualitative research, based on interview to draw findings in an inductive way, was conducted. Nine university students (N = 9) in a large mid-west university took part in a face- to face, semi-structured interviews using ten open-ended questions with respect to benefits of leisure time physical exercise. The interview on the basis of phenomenological research examined what the participants experienced with leisure time physical exercise in conjunction with stress coping and mental health. Meaningful units of themes were induced with 24 initially drawn themes. These themes were reduced to 8 comprehensive constituent themes: self-efficacy, positive emotion, mind and body, health-behaviors, self-esteem, leisure, problem-focused coping, and positive expectancy. These reduced themes were finally boiled down to 6 integrated themes: positive emotion, unity of mind and body, heightened self-esteem, leisure, problem-focused coping, and self-regulation of health behavior. This research may shed a light in illuminating potential mechanism of how regular physical exercise is conducive to enhanced health behavior as well as effective stress coping in university students in the context of leisure. In particular, this research appears to be meaningful in suggesting that regular leisure-time physical exercise can lead to an effective problem-focused coping through elicitation of positive emotion.

Carrying Capacity of Water Leisure Environment in Eco-cities-A Case Study of Ancient Canal Scenic Area in Yangzhou City

Water leisure tourism is an emerging theme in urban planning, and its planning mode and operation level directly influence the eco-cycle degree of urban development. Tourism activities inevitably impact environmental quality of urban water spaces, and the research on the environmental carrying capacity of such spaces has also become an important prerequisite of tourism planning. Taking the Yangzhou Ancient Canal Scenic Area for an example, the paper constructed the estimated indicators of water leisure tourism environmental carrying capacity on the basis of analyzing scenic geographical resources and tourism economic conditions, and calculated the scenic area's water leisure tourism environmental integrated carrying capacity by the method of barrel extrapolation, providing a reasonable foundation for evaluating the planning conditions in the eco-cycle urban water leisure tourism planning.

The Development of Leisure Agriculture Based on Characteristics of Land Resource Utilization

Based on analysis of geographical and location advantages of Qiaocheng District,we discussed characteristics of land utilization and local industry. In accordance with these characteristics,it is proposed to explore potential of farming land,speed up transfer of farming land in Qiaocheng District,and develop the leisure agriculture.

Spatial Structure of Urban Residents’ Leisure Activities: A Case Study of Shenyang, China

The spatial characteristics of residents’ leisure activities not only reflect their demand for urban leisure space but also affect the urban spatial layout. This study takes Shenyang, China as an example and analyzes the characteristics of residents’ leisure activities through questionnaires. On this basis, it uses point of interest data and mobile phone signaling data to identify various types of residential and leisure functional relationships, and uses spatial analysis and community detection to assess the distance characteristics, flow patterns, and community structure of residents’ leisure activities, so as to discuss the spatial structure of residents’ leisure activities in Shenyang. The results showed that: (1) in addition to leisure at home, Shenyang residents mainly went to shopping malls, supermarkets,and parks for leisure activities, and the proportions of residents of the two types of leisure activities were approximately equal;(2) the average distances that residents traveled for shopping and park leisure were near in the middle and far in the periphery, and the travel costs of peripheral residents for centrally located leisure were higher than those for residents in central areas;(3) the flow patterns of the residential-shopping and residential-park functional relationships displayed clustering mode characteristics, and Shenyang presented a significant monocentric structure;and (4) residents’ shopping activities were concentrated in the southern community, and walking in the park activities were concentrated in the western community. Residents’ leisure activities were characterized by centripetal agglomeration,which was prone to problems such as traffic congestion and big city diseases. The spatial expansion process in the city was characterized by obvious directional inheritance and path dependence, and the construction of sub-cities is needed to improve the related service facilities.

WHAT DRIVES BUSINESS AND LEISURE AIR PASSENGER TRANSPORT DEMAND

The back-propagation neural network ( BPN ) is used to explore what the most influential variables are to drive business and leisure air passenger travel from Japan to Taiwan.The variables are systematically identified , evaluated and analyzed in detail.The results reveal that some factors affect both leisure and business air passenger transport , and the others only affect one of them.Flights from Tokyo to Taipei and average hotel rate in Taiwan are the two most important factors for forecasting the demand of leisure air passenger transport , while variables related to business activities have more effect on the demand forecast of business air passenger transport.By using BPN , a forecasting model that considers actual market segments is established , and the results show that it is an accurate tool to forecast air transport demand.

The Path of Fine Leisure Agriculture in Southern Shaanxi from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

Under the strategy of rural revitalization in China, the existing leisure agriculture needs to constantly think about how to make better use of the geographical resources of each region in the process of development, and to improve the quality of local leisure agriculture projects. Taking the leisure agriculture in the southern part of Shaanxi Province of China for example, this paper summarized the existing problems in the development, and proposed the path of fine leisure agriculture based on these problems, so as to provide direction to specify the planning orientation of fine leisure agriculture in Southern Shaanxi and improve the brand value of leisure agriculture and provide a reference for the fine development of leisure agriculture in other parts of China.

A Study on the Development of Leisure Agriculture in Liaoning Province

Leisure agriculture in foreign countries has a long history of over 100 years,and China's leisure agriculture started in the 1980 s.With the earlier reform and opening up,Shenzhen first opened " Lychee Festival" in the macroscopic background,and leisure agriculture in Liaoning Province was also developed by leaps and bounds. This paper describes the basic situation of leisure agriculture in Liaoning Province,analyzes the three stages of leisure agriculture in Liaoning Province,and expounds the leisure agriculture in Liaoning's product development mode. Finally,it puts forward strategies for the development of leisure agriculture in Liaoning Province,in order to contribute to the development of leisure agriculture in Liaoning Province.

Eco-landscape Construction of Lvyuan Leisure Agricultural Industry Park in Ganzhou City of Jiangxi Province, China

Basic connotations of researches on eco-landscape construction of leisure agricultural industry parks were elaborated, and eco-landscape construction of Lvyuan Leisure Agricultural Industry Park in Ganzhou City was taken for example to analyze problems in the development of eco-landscapes in leisure agricultural industry parks. In view of these problems, it was proposed that construction of agricultural landscapes for the leisure agricultural industry parks should be combined with demonstration of cultures, holiday resort, and farming experience, and more efforts should be devoted in ecological maintenance, utilization of agricultural spaces, creation of cultural and leisure spaces. Moreover, to create agricultural eco-corridors, garden functions should be combined with the protection of ecosystems. Spatial connection of agricultural patches should be enhanced to form eco-corridor of the parks and meet the needs of production. And finally, concrete landscape construction techniques were put forward for the agricultural industry parks.

Leisure Agriculture Based on Cultural Resources of Sani People in Yunnan

Through exploring the material and nonmaterial cultural resources in leisure agriculture of Sani People in Shilin of Yunnan Province,this paper introduced festivals,marriage,traditional clothing,and food culture of Sani People,and present the long history and brilliant culture of Sani People. These culture resources could be used to expand the cultural aspects of leisure agriculture,to solve the problems of low participation and less distinct characteristics. This study can provide a reference for building the high-end leisure agriculture with distinct characteristics of Yunnan Province,to form a new growth point for regional growth.

A Case-Control Study on Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during the Last Three Months of Pregnancy and Foetal Outcomes in Italy

The association between Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during pregnancy and foetal outcomes has been extensively investigated. However, epidemiological studies specifically referred to LPTA in the last months of pregnancy are scarce. We evaluated the association between LPTA and the risk of both preterm delivery and small for gestational age (SGA) during the last three months of pregnancy in Italy. A nationwide case-control study was performed in nine Italian cities. A total of 299 preterm delivery, 364 SGA and 855 controls were enrolled in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic variables, medical and reproductive history, life-style habits and LTPA referred to the last three months of pregnancy. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed in order to estimate Odds ratios and 95% CI. LTPA during the last three months of pregnancy decreases the risk of preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 0.56;95% CI 0.39 - 0.79). Among the different types of physical activity, walking, the most frequently referred activity, appears significantly protective against preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 0.53;95% CI 0.36 - 0.81). Moreover, a small protective effect of walking was evidenced against SGA (adjusted OR = 0.72;95% CI 0.51 - 1.00). In conclusion, a mild physical activity such as walking in the last three months of pregnancy seems to reduce the risk of preterm delivery and, at a lesser extent, of SGA, confirming the beneficial effects of physical activity along the whole pregnancy.

The Relationship between Flow Experience in Leisure and Life Satisfaction in Undergraduates

Objective:To understand the current situation of undergraduates’flow experience in leisure and life satisfaction,and to explore the relationship between the two.Methods:A stratified random sampling method was used to select 781 undergraduates(377 males and 410 females)from 7 colleges and universities in Guangdong Province.They were investigated using the Flow Experience in Leisure Questionnaire(FELQ)and the Youth Life Satisfaction Scale(YLSS).Results:The total scores of FELQ and YLSS of the students in this group are(161.73±19.81)and(174.45±26.50).FELQ’s unity of knowledge and action,challenge and skill balance,concentration,grade ranking,family economic status are positively related to YLSS’life satisfaction(β=.227,.115,.098,.158,.082,P<.05);“Like to sleep during leisure”is negatively correlated with life satisfaction of YLSS(β=-.097,P<.05);FELQ’s unity of knowledge and action,concentration,grade ranking and family economic status are positively related to YLSS’s self-satisfaction(β=.286,.126,.194,.096,P<.01);“Like to sleep during leisure”is negatively correlated with YLSS’s self-satisfaction(β=-.091,P<.01);FELQ’s unity of knowledge and action,challenge and skill balance,father’s occupation,“like self-study in leisure”are positively related to YLSS’environmental satisfaction(β=.198,.131,.075,.073,P<.05);“Like to sleep during leisure”,gender and YLSS environment satisfaction negatively correlated(β=-.094,-.091,P<.01).Conclusion:Flow experience in leisure,types of leisure activities,gender,grade ranking and family factors(family economic status and father’s occupation)may be related factors for the development of college students’life satisfaction.

Leisure and Recreation in Australia:past,present and future

In this paper,the author would like to cover three key aspects in respect of Australian leisure:firstly,the historical antecedents of leisure behavior within Australian cultural life;secondly,an examination of existing leisure patterns;and finally,a consideration of leisure in the future.

Investigating the Relationships among Leisure, Coping, and Personal Growth among People with Physical Disabilities

Little information exists with regard to the relationship between leisure and coping mechanisms among people with physical disabilities.The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among leisure,coping,and personal growth among people with physical disabilities living in the U.S.Using a purposive sampling strategy,121 participants completed all 3 instruments:assessment of leisure and recreation involvement,coping strategy indicator,and personal growth.Frequency,descriptive analysis,Pearson correlations,and path analysis were utilized to test the relationship between leisure involvement,coping strategies,and personal growth.There were statistically significant direct effects of leisure involvement and avoidance-withdrawal coping strategies on personal growth.The effects of social support seeking coping strategies and problem-solving coping strategies on personal growth were not statistically significant.Results also indicated that leisure involvement had significant direct effects on social support seeking,avoidance-withdrawal,and problem-solving coping strategies.The results demonstrated that leisure engagement was associated with coping strategies and personal growth.In particular,leisure engagement had direct effects on problem-solving coping,social seeking coping,and avoidance/withdrawal coping as well as a direct effect on personal growth.

Leisure Activities, Happiness, Life Satisfaction, and Health Perception of Older Korean Adults

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between types of leisure activities and happi-ness,life satisfaction,and health perception of older Korean adults during the COVID-19 era.Using snowballing and purposive sampling methods,123 respondents participated in the study.The results show that participation in outdoor activities and home-based activities served as a strong predictor of happiness,life satisfaction,and health perceptions among older Korean adults.Thesefindings suggest that engaging in outdoor activities and home-based activities is likely to increase the psychological and mental health of older Korean adults during the COVID-19 era.

Framework Construction for Planning and Design of Tropical Leisure Agricultural Park

Leisure agriculture in Hainan Province has remained in the development stage,so it is necessary to construct the framework for the planning and design of tropical leisure agricultural park.On the basis of analyzing planning conditions for the tropical leisure agricultural parks in Hainan,planning principles,overall concept,land use and functional layouts,spatial organization and landscape features,road system,comprehensive pipeline design and vertical planning,the framework for the planning and design of tropical leisure agricultural parks in Hainan is constructed.

Salt Culture and Sports Leisure Tourism Landscape Design

The modern value of salt culture was analyzed firstly, and then the relationship between salt culture and sports leisure tourism landscape design was discussed. Afterwards, the cultural elements of sports leisure tourism landscape in salt culture were analyzed, and the examples of applying salt culture to sports leisure tourism landscape design were enumerated to explain how to spread salt culture through sports leisure tourism landscape.

Analysis of the Promoting Benefits of Shared Bicycles to the Urban Leisure of Office Workers

In order to study the potential benefits of shared bicycles to office workers in park leisure,urban exploration,outdoor exercise and accompanying travel with relatives and friends,data of 868 users of shared bicycles were collected by face-to-face questionnaire survey in 25 scattered locations in Shenzhen and the independent sample t-test,correlation coefficient analysis of Pearson and chi-square independence test were carried out by SPSS software.The results showed that shared bicycles increased the frequency of going to the park for nearly 45% of the respondents,prolonged the park stay time for nearly 1/2 of the respondents,and promoted the park leisure.Nearly 30% of the respondents have traveled to strange urban areas by shared bicycles,which shows that shared bicycles can promote office workers to explore urban space.Nearly 1/2 of the respondents rode shared bicycles for sports,and nearly 1/2 of the respondents increased the frequency of traveling with their relatives and friends due to shared bicycles.Moreover,the promoting benefits of urban leisure were often more significant in the relatively vulnerable groups (women,the elderly,the low educated,the renters and the people without private cars),so shared bicycles helps to improve the quality of leisure life of the vulnerable groups,thus promoting social equity.

An Analysis of Spatial Distribution Differences in Rural Leisure Tourist Destination Resources in Liaoning Province

From the perspective of tourism resources elements,we use abundance and geographic concentration methods to analyze the spatial distribution differences in the resources of 149 rural leisure tourist destinations in Liaoning Province. The results show that most of Liaoning's rural leisure tourist destination resources are mainly concentrated in the central,southern and eastern regions of Liaoning Province; in the main category of rural leisure tourism resources,water scenery,geological landform and mountain ecosystem concentrate,while agricultural resources and rural scenic view present balanced distribution; rural leisure tourism resources are highly concentrated in Shenyang,Dalian,Anshan,Benxi,Liaoyang and Dandong.