BACKGROUND Femoral lengthening is a procedure of great importance in the treatment of congenital and acquired limb deficiencies.Technological advances have led to the latest designs of fully implantable motorized intr...BACKGROUND Femoral lengthening is a procedure of great importance in the treatment of congenital and acquired limb deficiencies.Technological advances have led to the latest designs of fully implantable motorized intramedullary lengthening nails.The use of these nails has increased over the last few years.AIM To review and critically appraise the literature comparing the outcome of femoral lengthening in children using intramedullary motorized lengthening nails to external fixation.METHODS Electronic databases(MEDLINE,CINAHL,EMBASE,Cochrane)were systematically searched in November 2019 for studies comparing the outcome of femoral lengthening in children using magnetic lengthening nails and external fixation.The outcomes included amount of gained length,healing index,complications and patient reported outcomes.RESULTS Of the 452 identified studies,only two(retrospective and non-randomized)met the inclusion criteria.A total of 91 femora were included.In both studies,the age of patients treated with nails ranged from 15 to 21 years compared to 9 to 15 years for patients in the external fixation group.Both devices achieved the target length.Prevalence of adverse events was less in the nail(60%-73%)than in the external fixation(81%-100%)group.None of the studies presented patient reported outcomes.CONCLUSION The clinical effectiveness of motorized nails is equivalent or superior to external fixation for femoral lengthening in young patients.The available literature is limited and does not provide evidence on patient quality of life or cost effectiveness of the interventions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Limb lengthening techniques play an increasingly important role in the pediatric orthopedic field.The principles of the osteogenesis distraction bonded traditionally with external fixators;however,the recen...BACKGROUND Limb lengthening techniques play an increasingly important role in the pediatric orthopedic field.The principles of the osteogenesis distraction bonded traditionally with external fixators;however,the recent deployment of fully implantable systems has been able to overcome severities related to external fixators.The PRECICE®is an implantable limb lengthening intramedullary nail system that is remotely controlled and magnetically driven.AIM To review the current literature available on this matter in order to assess the PRECICE clinical and radiological outcomes and its possible complications in a population of pediatric patients undergoing limb lengthening.METHODS Only five studies met the inclusion criteria and were consequently included in the review for a total of 131 patients and 135 femurs.The clinical and radiological outcomes of interest were:the main lengthening obtained,the distraction rate,the period of time to full weight bearing,the consolidation index,and the Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov score.RESULTS In conclusion,data collected from the articles under investigation were comparable with the exception of the consolidation index.Unfortunately,the study population was too small and the patients’follow-up was too short to make definitive conclusions.CONCLUSION This review shows that the PRECICE Nail System is still a therapeutic challenge in limb lengthening for pediatric orthopedic surgeons;however,careful preoperative planning and an accurate surgical technique could allow the correction of more complex deformities with a low rate of complications.展开更多
AIM To review and study the effect of lengthening along the anatomical axis of long bones and its relation to the mechanical axis deviation.METHODS We try in this review to calculate and discuss the exact clinical imp...AIM To review and study the effect of lengthening along the anatomical axis of long bones and its relation to the mechanical axis deviation.METHODS We try in this review to calculate and discuss the exact clinical impact of lengthening along the anatomical axis of the femur on affecting the limb alignment. Also we used a trigonometric formula to predict the change of the femoral distal anatomical mechanical angle(AMA) after lengthening along the anatomical axis. RESULTS Lengthening along the anatomical axis of the femur by 10% of its original length results in reduction in the distal femoral AMA by 0.57 degrees. There is no objective experimental scientific data to prove that the Mechanical axis is passing via the center of the hip to the center of the knee. There is wide variation in normal anatomical axis for different populations. In deformity correction, surgeons try to reproduce the normal usual bone shape to regain normal function, which is mainly anatomical axis. CONCLUSION Lengthening of the femur along its anatomical axis results in mild reduction of the distal femoral AMA. This may partially compensate for the expected mechanical axis lateralisation and hence justify its minimal clinical impact.展开更多
[目的]为低于身高均值2个标准差以下的成人矮身材、侏儒症、有增高愿望的志愿者实施双下肢延长术,满足患者对合理身高的追求,以增加他们的自信和融入社会(求职、婚姻等)的机遇.[方法]根据Ilizarov提出的牵拉成骨技术(distraction osteog...[目的]为低于身高均值2个标准差以下的成人矮身材、侏儒症、有增高愿望的志愿者实施双下肢延长术,满足患者对合理身高的追求,以增加他们的自信和融入社会(求职、婚姻等)的机遇.[方法]根据Ilizarov提出的牵拉成骨技术(distraction osteogenesis,DO),应用自行研制的带锁髓内钉与外固定延长器系统[1](locking intramedullary nail with external fixator for limbs lengthening,IEFL),为638例矮身材和侏儒症实施双下肢延长术.术后第8d始,以0.5～1.0 mm/d的速度延长,达到所需增加高长度后,插入髓内钉远端锁钉,拆除延长器.在延长期和骨功能重建期内,增加应力刺激,进行规范有益的功能训练,促进骨和肢体功能恢复.[结果]本组病例随访时间2.5～8a,平均4 a,增加身高8～26 cm,平均9.6 cm.根据客观、功能、主观、症状4个指标评分评定,优99.53%,良0.31%,差0.16%.发生并发症48例(56个肢体),占7.52%,其中轻度5.96%,中度1.09%,重度0.47%,至今尚未发现后遗症.[结论]IEFL技术是在Ilizarov生物学理论、技术和器械基础上的重大创新与完善,是进行大幅度(＞10%)肢体延长(增高)的一种安全、有效方法,对伴有膝内翻者还能同期矫正畸形.展开更多
基金Supported by Children’s Hospital Charity and Industry(Nuvasive,CA,United States),No.5431.
文摘BACKGROUND Femoral lengthening is a procedure of great importance in the treatment of congenital and acquired limb deficiencies.Technological advances have led to the latest designs of fully implantable motorized intramedullary lengthening nails.The use of these nails has increased over the last few years.AIM To review and critically appraise the literature comparing the outcome of femoral lengthening in children using intramedullary motorized lengthening nails to external fixation.METHODS Electronic databases(MEDLINE,CINAHL,EMBASE,Cochrane)were systematically searched in November 2019 for studies comparing the outcome of femoral lengthening in children using magnetic lengthening nails and external fixation.The outcomes included amount of gained length,healing index,complications and patient reported outcomes.RESULTS Of the 452 identified studies,only two(retrospective and non-randomized)met the inclusion criteria.A total of 91 femora were included.In both studies,the age of patients treated with nails ranged from 15 to 21 years compared to 9 to 15 years for patients in the external fixation group.Both devices achieved the target length.Prevalence of adverse events was less in the nail(60%-73%)than in the external fixation(81%-100%)group.None of the studies presented patient reported outcomes.CONCLUSION The clinical effectiveness of motorized nails is equivalent or superior to external fixation for femoral lengthening in young patients.The available literature is limited and does not provide evidence on patient quality of life or cost effectiveness of the interventions.
文摘BACKGROUND Limb lengthening techniques play an increasingly important role in the pediatric orthopedic field.The principles of the osteogenesis distraction bonded traditionally with external fixators;however,the recent deployment of fully implantable systems has been able to overcome severities related to external fixators.The PRECICE®is an implantable limb lengthening intramedullary nail system that is remotely controlled and magnetically driven.AIM To review the current literature available on this matter in order to assess the PRECICE clinical and radiological outcomes and its possible complications in a population of pediatric patients undergoing limb lengthening.METHODS Only five studies met the inclusion criteria and were consequently included in the review for a total of 131 patients and 135 femurs.The clinical and radiological outcomes of interest were:the main lengthening obtained,the distraction rate,the period of time to full weight bearing,the consolidation index,and the Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov score.RESULTS In conclusion,data collected from the articles under investigation were comparable with the exception of the consolidation index.Unfortunately,the study population was too small and the patients’follow-up was too short to make definitive conclusions.CONCLUSION This review shows that the PRECICE Nail System is still a therapeutic challenge in limb lengthening for pediatric orthopedic surgeons;however,careful preoperative planning and an accurate surgical technique could allow the correction of more complex deformities with a low rate of complications.
文摘AIM To review and study the effect of lengthening along the anatomical axis of long bones and its relation to the mechanical axis deviation.METHODS We try in this review to calculate and discuss the exact clinical impact of lengthening along the anatomical axis of the femur on affecting the limb alignment. Also we used a trigonometric formula to predict the change of the femoral distal anatomical mechanical angle(AMA) after lengthening along the anatomical axis. RESULTS Lengthening along the anatomical axis of the femur by 10% of its original length results in reduction in the distal femoral AMA by 0.57 degrees. There is no objective experimental scientific data to prove that the Mechanical axis is passing via the center of the hip to the center of the knee. There is wide variation in normal anatomical axis for different populations. In deformity correction, surgeons try to reproduce the normal usual bone shape to regain normal function, which is mainly anatomical axis. CONCLUSION Lengthening of the femur along its anatomical axis results in mild reduction of the distal femoral AMA. This may partially compensate for the expected mechanical axis lateralisation and hence justify its minimal clinical impact.
文摘[目的]为低于身高均值2个标准差以下的成人矮身材、侏儒症、有增高愿望的志愿者实施双下肢延长术,满足患者对合理身高的追求,以增加他们的自信和融入社会(求职、婚姻等)的机遇.[方法]根据Ilizarov提出的牵拉成骨技术(distraction osteogenesis,DO),应用自行研制的带锁髓内钉与外固定延长器系统[1](locking intramedullary nail with external fixator for limbs lengthening,IEFL),为638例矮身材和侏儒症实施双下肢延长术.术后第8d始,以0.5～1.0 mm/d的速度延长,达到所需增加高长度后,插入髓内钉远端锁钉,拆除延长器.在延长期和骨功能重建期内,增加应力刺激,进行规范有益的功能训练,促进骨和肢体功能恢复.[结果]本组病例随访时间2.5～8a,平均4 a,增加身高8～26 cm,平均9.6 cm.根据客观、功能、主观、症状4个指标评分评定,优99.53%,良0.31%,差0.16%.发生并发症48例(56个肢体),占7.52%,其中轻度5.96%,中度1.09%,重度0.47%,至今尚未发现后遗症.[结论]IEFL技术是在Ilizarov生物学理论、技术和器械基础上的重大创新与完善,是进行大幅度(＞10%)肢体延长(增高)的一种安全、有效方法,对伴有膝内翻者还能同期矫正畸形.
