The northem pig-tailed macaque （NPM, Macaca leonina） has become a widely used animal model in biomedical research. In this study, we measured serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, IgA, complement C3, C4 and CRP levels in 3...The northem pig-tailed macaque （NPM, Macaca leonina） has become a widely used animal model in biomedical research. In this study, we measured serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, IgA, complement C3, C4 and CRP levels in 3-11 year old captive northem pig-tailed macaques using HITACHI 7600-20 automated chemistry analyzer in order to determine the influences of age and gender on these items. The results showed that serum IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 levels were not correlated with age （P〉0.05）, while serum IgG levels increased progressively with age （r=0.202; P=0.045）. Serum IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 levels were higher in females than in males （P〈0.05）. Moreover, serum C3 concentration was both positively and strongly correlated with that of C4 （r=0.700; P〈0.0001）. This study provides basic serum immunoglobulin and complement data of captive northem pig-tailed macaques, which may prove useful for future breeding efforts and biomedical research.展开更多
The northern pig-tailed macaque （Macaca leonina） has been identified as an independent species of Old World monkey, and we previously found that PBMCs from M. leonina were susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus...The northern pig-tailed macaque （Macaca leonina） has been identified as an independent species of Old World monkey, and we previously found that PBMCs from M. leonina were susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1）, which may be due to the absence of a TRIM5 protein restricting HIV-1 replication. Here we investigated the infection potentials of six laboratory adapted HIV-1 strains and three primary HIV-1 isolates in PBMCs from M. leonina. The results indicate that these strains are characterized by various but low replication levels, and among which, HIV-INL4-3 shows the highest replication ability. Based on the abundant evidence of species-specific interactions between restriction factors APOBEC3 and HIV/SIV-derived Vif protein, we subsequently examined the replication potentials of v/f-substituted HIV-1 （HSIV） in M. leonina PBMCs. Notably, HSIV-vifmac and stHIV-lsv chimeras, two HIV-1Ni.4-3-derived viruses encoding the viral infectivity factor （Vif） protein from SIVmac239, replicated robustly in cells from M. leonina, which suggests that HSIV could effectively antagonize the antiviral activity of APOBEC3 proteins expressed in cells of M. leonina. Therefore, our data demonstrate that M. leonina has the potential to be developed into a promising animal model for human AIDS.展开更多
Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in HIV/SIV infection. In the present study, we found a lower CD8+ T cell activation level in Macaca leonina (northern pig-tailed macaques, NPMs) than in...Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in HIV/SIV infection. In the present study, we found a lower CD8+ T cell activation level in Macaca leonina (northern pig-tailed macaques, NPMs) than in Macaca mulatta (Chinese rhesus macaques, ChRMs) during SIVmac239 infection. Furthermore, the levels of plasma LPS-binding protein and soluble CD14 in NPMs were lower than those in ChRMs. Compared with ChRMs, SIV-infected NPMs had lower Chiu scores, representing relatively normal intestinal mucosa. In addition, no obvious damage to the ileum or colon epithelial barrier was observed in either infected or uninfected NPMs, which differed to that found in ChRMs. Furthermore, no significant microbial translocation (Escherichia coli) was detected in the colon or ileum of infected or uninfected NPMs, which again differed to that observed in ChRMs. In conclusion, NPMs retained superior intestinal integrity and limited microbial translocation during SIV infection, which may contribute to their lower immune activation compared with ChRMs.展开更多
Northern pig-tailed macaques （NPMs, Macaca leonina） are susceptible to HIV-1 infection largely due to the loss of HIV-l-restricting factor TRIM5a. However, great impediments still exist in the persistent replication...Northern pig-tailed macaques （NPMs, Macaca leonina） are susceptible to HIV-1 infection largely due to the loss of HIV-l-restricting factor TRIM5a. However, great impediments still exist in the persistent replication of HIV-1 in vivo, suggesting some viral restriction factors are reserved in this host The APOBEC3 proteins have demonstrated a capacity to restrict HIV-1 replication, but their inhibitory effects in NPMs remain elusive. In this study, we cloned the NPM A3A-A3H genes, and determined by BLAST searching that their coding sequences （CDSs） showed 99% identity to the corresponding counterparts from rhesus and southern pig-tailed macaques. We further analyzed the anti-HIV-1 activities of the A3A-A3H genes, and found that A3G and A3F had the greatest anti-HIV-1 activity compared with that of other members. The results of this study indicate that A3G and A3F might play critical roles in limiting HIV-1 replication in NPMs in vivo. Furthermore, this research provides valuable information for the optimization of monkey models of HIV-1 infection.展开更多
以来源于湖南省长沙生态动物园猎豹体内的狮弓蛔虫为研究对象,利用保守引物,通过聚合酶链反应(PCR),扩增猎豹狮弓蛔虫线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶I亚基基因(cox1)部分序列(pcox1),并用pcox1序列构建与其他相关蛔虫的进化关系。将获得的序列,...以来源于湖南省长沙生态动物园猎豹体内的狮弓蛔虫为研究对象,利用保守引物,通过聚合酶链反应(PCR),扩增猎豹狮弓蛔虫线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶I亚基基因(cox1)部分序列(pcox1),并用pcox1序列构建与其他相关蛔虫的进化关系。将获得的序列,用Clustal X 1.83程序进行比对,用Phy ML 3.0程序中的最大似然树法(ML)绘制种系进化树。结果显示:样品pcox1序列长度均为367 bp,种内相对保守(1.4%～6.8%),种间变异显著(9.7%～21.4%);种系发育关系指示,猫科动物狮弓蛔虫分离株位于同一分支,犬科动物狮弓蛔虫分离株位于另一分支。由于狮弓蛔虫cox1序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,故可作为狮弓蛔虫种间遗传变异研究的标记。展开更多
In humans, handedness is one defining characteristic regardless of cultures and ethnicity. Population-level right handedness is considered to be related with the evolution of left hemisphere for manual control and lan...In humans, handedness is one defining characteristic regardless of cultures and ethnicity. Population-level right handedness is considered to be related with the evolution of left hemisphere for manual control and language. In order to further understand evolutionary origins of human cerebral lateralization and its behavioral adaptation, standardized measures on hand preference are required to make reliable comparison in nonhuman primate species. In this study, we present the first evidence on hand preference during bimanual coordinated tasks in northern pig-tailed ma- caques Macaca leonina. The classical TUBE task was applied to examine hand preference among nine individuals from Tianjin Zoo of China. We recorded and made analysis on both frequency and bout data on manual laterality. The results consistently show that subjects displayed strong indi- vidual hand preferences, whereas no significant group-level handedness was found. There were no sex and age significant differences on both direction and strength of hand preference. The M. leonina preferred to use the index finger to extract the baited food inside the tube. Our findings fill the knowledge gap on primate handedness, and efficiently affirm the robustness of the TUBE task as one efficient measure of hand preference in primates.展开更多
基金Foundation items： This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （81172876, U0832601, 81273251, U1202228） the National Special Science Research Program of China （2012CBA01305） the National Science and Technology Major Project （2013ZX10001-002, 2012ZX10001-007） and the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS （KSCX2-EW-R-13）.
文摘The northem pig-tailed macaque （NPM, Macaca leonina） has become a widely used animal model in biomedical research. In this study, we measured serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, IgA, complement C3, C4 and CRP levels in 3-11 year old captive northem pig-tailed macaques using HITACHI 7600-20 automated chemistry analyzer in order to determine the influences of age and gender on these items. The results showed that serum IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 levels were not correlated with age （P〉0.05）, while serum IgG levels increased progressively with age （r=0.202; P=0.045）. Serum IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 levels were higher in females than in males （P〈0.05）. Moreover, serum C3 concentration was both positively and strongly correlated with that of C4 （r=0.700; P〈0.0001）. This study provides basic serum immunoglobulin and complement data of captive northem pig-tailed macaques, which may prove useful for future breeding efforts and biomedical research.
基金Foundation items： This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program （2012CBA01305） the National Natural Science Foundation of China （81172876, U0832601, 81273251 and U 1202228） the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS （KSCX2-EW-R-13, Y206A- 71181）, and the Key Scientific and Technological Program of China （2012ZX10001-007, 2013ZX10001-002）. Acknowledgements： We thank Prof. Guang-Xia GAO （Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences） for kindly providing HSIV proviral plasmids.We also thank Long-Bao LV, Gui LI and Dong- Ti HUANG of Kunming Primate Research Center for their assistance in obtaining blood samples from northem pig-tailed macaques （M. leonina） and Chinese rhesus macaques.
文摘The northern pig-tailed macaque （Macaca leonina） has been identified as an independent species of Old World monkey, and we previously found that PBMCs from M. leonina were susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1）, which may be due to the absence of a TRIM5 protein restricting HIV-1 replication. Here we investigated the infection potentials of six laboratory adapted HIV-1 strains and three primary HIV-1 isolates in PBMCs from M. leonina. The results indicate that these strains are characterized by various but low replication levels, and among which, HIV-INL4-3 shows the highest replication ability. Based on the abundant evidence of species-specific interactions between restriction factors APOBEC3 and HIV/SIV-derived Vif protein, we subsequently examined the replication potentials of v/f-substituted HIV-1 （HSIV） in M. leonina PBMCs. Notably, HSIV-vifmac and stHIV-lsv chimeras, two HIV-1Ni.4-3-derived viruses encoding the viral infectivity factor （Vif） protein from SIVmac239, replicated robustly in cells from M. leonina, which suggests that HSIV could effectively antagonize the antiviral activity of APOBEC3 proteins expressed in cells of M. leonina. Therefore, our data demonstrate that M. leonina has the potential to be developed into a promising animal model for human AIDS.
基金partly supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1802284 81471620,81671627,81771770,81571606)+1 种基金13th Five-Year Key Scientific and Technological Program of China(2017ZX10304402-002-004,2017ZX10202102-001-005,2018ZX10301101-002-003,2018ZX10301406-003)Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDRW-ZS-2016-4)
文摘Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in HIV/SIV infection. In the present study, we found a lower CD8+ T cell activation level in Macaca leonina (northern pig-tailed macaques, NPMs) than in Macaca mulatta (Chinese rhesus macaques, ChRMs) during SIVmac239 infection. Furthermore, the levels of plasma LPS-binding protein and soluble CD14 in NPMs were lower than those in ChRMs. Compared with ChRMs, SIV-infected NPMs had lower Chiu scores, representing relatively normal intestinal mucosa. In addition, no obvious damage to the ileum or colon epithelial barrier was observed in either infected or uninfected NPMs, which differed to that found in ChRMs. Furthermore, no significant microbial translocation (Escherichia coli) was detected in the colon or ileum of infected or uninfected NPMs, which again differed to that observed in ChRMs. In conclusion, NPMs retained superior intestinal integrity and limited microbial translocation during SIV infection, which may contribute to their lower immune activation compared with ChRMs.
基金supported by the National Special Science Research Program of China(2012CBA01305)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81172876+6 种基金814716208127325181571606U0832601)National Science and Technology Major Project(2014ZX10005-002-006)Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS(KJZD-EW-L10-02)Yunnan Applicative and Basic Research Program(2014FB181)
文摘Northern pig-tailed macaques （NPMs, Macaca leonina） are susceptible to HIV-1 infection largely due to the loss of HIV-l-restricting factor TRIM5a. However, great impediments still exist in the persistent replication of HIV-1 in vivo, suggesting some viral restriction factors are reserved in this host The APOBEC3 proteins have demonstrated a capacity to restrict HIV-1 replication, but their inhibitory effects in NPMs remain elusive. In this study, we cloned the NPM A3A-A3H genes, and determined by BLAST searching that their coding sequences （CDSs） showed 99% identity to the corresponding counterparts from rhesus and southern pig-tailed macaques. We further analyzed the anti-HIV-1 activities of the A3A-A3H genes, and found that A3G and A3F had the greatest anti-HIV-1 activity compared with that of other members. The results of this study indicate that A3G and A3F might play critical roles in limiting HIV-1 replication in NPMs in vivo. Furthermore, this research provides valuable information for the optimization of monkey models of HIV-1 infection.
文摘以来源于湖南省长沙生态动物园猎豹体内的狮弓蛔虫为研究对象,利用保守引物,通过聚合酶链反应(PCR),扩增猎豹狮弓蛔虫线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶I亚基基因(cox1)部分序列(pcox1),并用pcox1序列构建与其他相关蛔虫的进化关系。将获得的序列,用Clustal X 1.83程序进行比对,用Phy ML 3.0程序中的最大似然树法(ML)绘制种系进化树。结果显示:样品pcox1序列长度均为367 bp,种内相对保守(1.4%～6.8%),种间变异显著(9.7%～21.4%);种系发育关系指示,猫科动物狮弓蛔虫分离株位于同一分支,犬科动物狮弓蛔虫分离株位于另一分支。由于狮弓蛔虫cox1序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,故可作为狮弓蛔虫种间遗传变异研究的标记。
文摘In humans, handedness is one defining characteristic regardless of cultures and ethnicity. Population-level right handedness is considered to be related with the evolution of left hemisphere for manual control and language. In order to further understand evolutionary origins of human cerebral lateralization and its behavioral adaptation, standardized measures on hand preference are required to make reliable comparison in nonhuman primate species. In this study, we present the first evidence on hand preference during bimanual coordinated tasks in northern pig-tailed ma- caques Macaca leonina. The classical TUBE task was applied to examine hand preference among nine individuals from Tianjin Zoo of China. We recorded and made analysis on both frequency and bout data on manual laterality. The results consistently show that subjects displayed strong indi- vidual hand preferences, whereas no significant group-level handedness was found. There were no sex and age significant differences on both direction and strength of hand preference. The M. leonina preferred to use the index finger to extract the baited food inside the tube. Our findings fill the knowledge gap on primate handedness, and efficiently affirm the robustness of the TUBE task as one efficient measure of hand preference in primates.
