A New Family of Moths from the Middle Jurassic(Insecta:Lepidoptera)

Three lepidopteran species, from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou beds （inner Mongolia, China）, are described in a new family, Mesokristenseniidae, and new genus, Mesokristensenia, which could represent the sister group of the Micropterigidae. Mesokristensenia differs from all extant Lepidoptera, but one genus （Agathiphaga, Agathiphagidae）, in retaining four median veins in the forewing, a plesiomorphy also present in many Trichoptera. Evidence for placing Mesokristensenia in the Lepidoptera includes four traits, notably a previously unrecorded autapomorphy of this insect order： beyond stem Ml＋2, vein M1 is bent and connected to cross-vein r-m （in both wing pairs）. Among 24 characters taken into account to assess the systematic position of Mesokristensenia, 12 are considered informative for a cladistic analysis involving this fossil taxon and the four suborders recognized in present-day Lepidoptera （Zeugloptera, Aglossata, Heterobathmiina, and Glossata）.

Toxicity and antifeedant activity of essential oils from three aromatic plants grown in Colombia against Euprosterna elaeasa and Acharia fusca(Lepidoptera:Limacodidae)

Objective:To determine the biological effects of essential oils(EOs) isolated from Cymbopogon iiardus,Cymbopogon Jlexuosus and Cvrnbopogon marlinii grown in Colombia against two Lepidoptera larvae,common pests in the oil palm.Methods:Specimens were captured in the field and the antifeedant activity and dermal contact lethality of EOs were measured against Acharia fusca and Euprosterna elaeasa(Lepidoptera:I.imacodidae) at various concentrations 0.002-0.600 μL/cm^3 and 0.002-8 μL/g,respectively.Results:All EOs exhibited strong antifeedant and toxicity activity toward Acharia fusca and Euprosterna elaeasa larvae.Cymbopogon marlinii oil was llie most active againsl both pest insect species,although all tested EOs were better than the synthetic;repellent IR535 on both insects.Conclusions:Colombian EOs have potential for integrated pest management programs in the oil palm industry.

Complete mitogenome of the Painted Jezebel, Delias hyparete Linnaeus （Lepidoptera： Pieridae） and its comparison with other butterfly species

In the present study, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome （mitogenome） of the Painted Jezebel, Delias hyparete. The mitogenome ofDelias hyparete is 15 186 bp in length, and has typical sets of 37 genes： 13 protein-coding genes （PCGs）, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs and a non-coding A＋T-rich region. All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATN codons, except for C01, which is tentatively designated by the CGA codon, as observed in other butterfly species. A total of 10 PCGs harbored the complete termination codon TAA or TAG; while the C01, C011and ND5 genes ended at a single T residue. All 22 tRNA genes show typical clover structures, with the exception of the tRNAser（AGn） which lacks the dihydrouridine （DHU） stem and is instead replaced by a simple loop. Thirteen intergenic spacers totaling 153 bp, and 13 overlapping regions totaling 46 bp are scattered throughout the whole genome. The 377 bp long olD. hyparete A＋T-rich region is not comprised of large repetitive sequences, but harbors several features characteristic of the lepidopteran insects, including the motif ATAGA followed by an 18 bp poly-T stretch, a microsatellite-like （AT）s element preceded by the ATTTA motif, an 10 bp polyA-like stretch （AAAAATAAAA） present immediately upstream tRNAMet.

Complete mitogenome of the Painted Jezebel,Delias hyparete Linnaeus(Lepidoptera:Pieridae)and its comparison with other butterfly species

In the present study,we report the first complete mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of the Painted Jezebel,Delias hyparete.The mitogenome of Delias hyparete is 15186 bp in length,and has typical sets of 37 genes:13 protein-coding genes(PCGs),2 ribosomal RNAs,22 transfer RNAs and a non-coding A+T-rich region.All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATN codons,except for COI,which is tentatively designated by the CGA codon,as observed in other butterfly species.A total of 10 PCGs harbored the complete termination codon TAA or TAG,while the COI,COII and ND5 genes ended at a single T residue.All 22 tRNA genes show typical clover structures,with the exception of the tRNASer(AGN)which lacks the dihydrouridine(DHU)stem and is instead replaced by a simple loop.Thirteen intergenic spacers totaling 153 bp,and 13 overlapping regions totaling 46 bp are scattered throughout the whole genome.The 377 bp long of D.hyparete A+T-rich region is not comprised of large repetitive sequences,but harbors several features characteristic of the lepidopteran insects,including the motif ATAGA followed by an 18 bp poly-T stretch,a microsatellite-like(AT)5 element preceded by the ATTTA motif,an 10 bp polyA-like stretch(AAAAATAAAA)present immediately upstream tRNAMet.

Advances in Researches on Genetic Diversity of Lepidoptera Insects

This paper reviewed advances in researches on genetic diversity of Lepidoptera insects from chromosome polymorphism,protein polymorphism,and DNA polymorphism,and stated that DNA sequence variation will become main points of researches about genetic diversity.

玉泉北山蝶类(鳞翅目:锤角亚目Lepidoptera:Rhopalocera)

在1984年—1985年和1990年—1991年期间,采集鉴定了玉泉壮山的蝶类,共7科67种。

Taxonomic notes and new species of the genus Minooa Yamanaka from Southeast Asia and China(Lepidoptera, Pyralidae,Pyralinae)

Two species of Minooa are revised from China and Southeast Asia,and one of these,Minooa carinata Qi,Bae&Li,sp.nov.is described as new to science,and M.acantha Qi,2016 is newly recorded from Vietnam.Photographs of adults,male and female genitalia are provided,along with a key for all species of Minooa.

Review of the Eilema group of lichen moths from South Korea,with description of one new species(Lepidoptera:Erebidae:Arctiinae:Lithosiini)

This review details Eilema group in the subfamily the Korean species of the Arctiinae of Erebidae： 19 species in five genera （Manulea, Collita, Katha, Dolgoma, and Wittia）, a new species （Collita hwacheonensis Bayar- saikhan ＆ Bae, sp. nov.）, and an unrecorded species [C. vetusta aegrota （Butler 1877）]. All species are diagnosed, and figures of the adults and genitalia and a key to species based on male genital structure of Eilema group in South Korea are included.

First discovery of a cave-dwelling Tineid moth(Lepidoptera, Tineidae) from East Asia

In this study, we report Monopis crocicapitella （Clemens, 1859） （Tineidae）, which was collected from bat guano in a cave in the southern region of Korea, for the first time from East Asia. We briefly redescribe and illustrate the external morphology and genital structures of both sexes. Also, we discuss the local habitat characteristics and some of the ecological information that was observed during our field investi-gation.

Insecticidal Activity and Field Efficacy of Novel Insecticide Cyhalodiamide against Different Lepidoptera Pests

[ Objective] The paper was to study the insecticidal activity and field efficacy of cyhalediamide, a novel insecticide developed by Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Ltd. [ Method] Toxicity of cyhalodiamide against Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera exigua, Prodenia litura and Chilo suppressalis were tasted in the laboratory by leaf-dipping method, and the field efficacy of cyhalodiamide against P. xylostella, S. exigua, P. litura, Pieris rapae, C. suppressalis and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis was evaluated. [ Result] The LCs0 values of cyhalodiamide against P. xylostella, S. exigua, P. litura and C. suppressalis were 0. 046, 0.072, 0.071 and 1.95 mg/L, respectively, almost equivalent to that of flubendiamide and ehlorantraniliprole. The control efficacy of 20% Z4042 SC （30 g/hm2） against P. xylostella, S. exigua, P. litura and P. rapae was 90.1% - 96.3 % after spraying for 7 d, and its control efficacy against C. suppressalis and C. medinalis was 82.9% -90.5% after spraying for 15 d. No crop injury was observed at the test dosage. [Conclusion] The study provided reference for field control against Lepidoptera pests.

Eleven species of noctuid moths new to China of the boreal faunal complex(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

Eleven species of the Noctuidae[Polia hepatica(Clerck,1759),P.malchani(Draudt,1934),P.vespertilio(Draudt,1934),Lasionycta skraelingia(Herrich-Schaffer,1852),L.hospita A.Bang-Haas,1912;Xestia kolymae(Herz,1903),X.albuncula(Eversmann,1851),X.subgrisea(Staudinger,1897),X.penthima(Erschoff,1870),X.sincera(Herrich-Schaffer,1851),and X.rhaetica(Staudinger,1871)]of the boreal faunal complex are reported for the first time from China.Illustrations of adults and the genitalia of both sexes are provided.Information on these newly recorded species,original descriptions,type-locality,synonyms,references,host plants and bionomics are provided.

Hyperparasitism of Homona coffearia Nietn. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), the Tea Tortrix of Sri Lanka: Implications for Biological Control

Tea tortrix, Homona coffearia Nietner (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a seasonal pest of tea in Sri Lanka. Though it is active in dry weather, it is observed that populations do occur in wet weather causing serious damage to tea. The parasite, Macrocentrus homonae Nixon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), controls the tortrix populations, but the efficiency of Macrocentrus has been reduced on account of hyperparasites in recent times. Level of hyperparasitism was studied in some tea tortrix prone areas in the up country region to study how this affected the tortrix populations during wet weather. The hyperparasitism varied during the study period of which average values observed ranged from 35% to 52% in the plantations studied. A negative linear relationship was observed between the average number of parasite cocoons in a cocoon mass and the percentage hyperparasitism. Three generations of tortrix were evident during the study period of May to November 2005. It is observed that tortrix populations do occur in dry and wet weather, and that hyperparasitism has been identified as the major cause affecting the efficient control of tortrix by the parasite. Possibilities of tea tortrix control in wet weather are discussed.

蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)5种西藏新纪录种记述(鳞翅目Lepidoptera)

通过对近年林芝市采集的蛱蝶科蝴蝶的整理,发现5种西藏新纪录种:白带锯蛱蝶Cethosia cyane(Drury,[1773])、彩蛱蝶Vagrans egista(Cramer,[1780])、孪斑黛眼蝶Lethe gemina Leech,1891、迷纹黛眼蝶Lethe maitrya de Nicéville,1881和资眼蝶Zipaetis unipupillata Lee,1962。本文提供这5种蛱蝶成虫的外部形态照片,并加以描述。研究标本保存于西藏农牧学院高原生态研究所。

The Post-exposure Effects of Spinosad and Plant Allelochemicals on Biological Characteristics of Helicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera： Noctuvidae)

In order to define the combined effects of spinosad and plant allelochemicals on Helicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera:Noctuvidae), the research fed them on artificial diets with different doses of spinosad, gossypol, quercetin and tannicacid, and the changes of pupal and imaginal biological characteristics were observed and recorded. The results showed that spinosad at sublethal concentrations decreased pupation ratio and pupal weight, prolonged prepupal and pupal periods, and decreased emergence ratio, fecundity and longevity of adults. Combined with plant allelochemicals, spinosad significantly prolonged pupal period and shorten adult longevity. Other life-cycle parameters such as pupation ratio, pupal weights, emergence ratio, eggs laid per female and hatch ratio did not change significantly. The results clearly indicated that plant allelochemicals did not change spinosad efficiency on H. armigera, but the combination of spinosad and plant allelochemicals might affect pest population dynamics significantly by changing its development.

湖南省弄蝶科(鳞翅目:Lepidoptera)5个新纪录种

2020年至2022年期间,在湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区进行蝶类调查时采集到弄蝶标本。经形态比较鉴定后,发现其中5个属于湖南省新纪录种,分别为:峨眉大弄蝶(Capila omeia Leech)、紫斑锷弄蝶(Aeromachus catocyanea Mabille)、凹瓣陀弄蝶(Thoressa fusca Elwes)、针纹赭弄蝶(Ochlodes klapperichii Evans)、三黄斑弄蝶(Ampittia trimacula Leech)。

Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of lipocalin families in Lepidoptera with an emphasis on Bombyx mori

Lipocalins exhibit functional diversity,including roles in retinol transport,invertebrate cryptic coloration,and stress response.However,genome-wide identification and characterization of lipocalin in the insect lineage have not been thoroughly explored.Here,we found that a lineage-specific expansion of the lipocalin genes in Lepidoptera occurred in large part due to tandem duplication events and several lipocalin genes involving insect coloration were expanded more via tandem duplication in butterflies.A comparative analysis of conserved motifs showed both conservation and divergence of lepidopteran lipocalin family protein structures during evolution.We observe dynamic changes in tissue expression preference of paralogs in Bombyx mori,suggesting differential contribution of paralogs to specific organ functions during evolution.Subcellular localization experiments revealed that lipocalins localize to the cytoplasm,nuclear membrane,or nucleus in BmN cells.Moreover,several lipocalin genes exhibited divergent responses to abiotic and biotic stresses,and 1 lipocalin gene was upregulated by 30o fold in B.mori.These results suggest that lipocalins act as signaling components in defense responses by mediating crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress responses.This study deepens our understanding of the comprehensive characteristics of lipocalins in insects.

光眉刺蛾的线粒体基因组研究及系统发育分析

为探究光眉刺蛾Narosa fulgens(Leech,1889)的线粒体基因组结构及刺蛾科的系统发育关系,利用下一代测序方法获得光眉刺蛾线粒体全基因组序列。系统发育分析中使用斑蛾总科16个物种作为内群,并选择木蠹蛾科和网蛾科各1个物种作为外群,利用最大似然法和贝叶斯法重建刺蛾科的系统发育关系。光眉刺蛾的线粒体基因组包含37个基因(13个蛋白质编码基因、22个转运RNA基因和2个核糖体RNA基因)和1个非编码控制区,全长为15296 bp(GenBank登录号:OP919326)。光眉刺蛾线粒体基因组的13个蛋白质编码基因的起始密码子除cox1利用CGA开头外,其余蛋白质编码基因都是以ATN开头,终止密码子除cox2和nad4以不完整的T结尾外,其余蛋白质编码基因都是以TAA和TAG结尾。除trnS1因缺少DHU臂而形成一个简单的环,无法形成稳定的三叶草结构外,其余转运RNA基因均能形成典型的三叶草结构。rrnL的全长为1335 bp,A+T含量为85.24%。rrnS的全长为732 bp,A+T含量为84.70%。两个方法构建的系统发育树的结果均表明:斑蛾科和刺蛾科为单系群,光眉刺蛾与龟形小刺蛾Narosa nigrisigna为姐妹群。

安徽省灯蛾亚科2新记录种(鳞翅目:目夜蛾科)

笔者于2021年5月—10月和2022年7月,利用灯诱法对黄山市的灯蛾亚科昆虫进行了系统调查.通过对采集标本进行鉴定,发现了2个灯蛾亚科昆虫安徽省新记录种,分别为闽雪苔蛾(Cyana fukiensis)和波纹艳苔蛾(Asura undulose).文章简要描述了2个新记录种的形态特征和生殖器特征,并提供了成虫的标本照片和生殖器照片,为安徽省灯蛾亚科昆虫进一步研究提供了本底资料.

鳞翅目昆虫声音通讯作用与机制

昆虫与地球上其他动物一样存在声音通讯,声音通讯在昆虫种间或种内交流、防御天敌和求偶等方面起着重要的作用。在长期的天敌捕食压力下,鳞翅目昆虫进化出发声器官和听觉器官进行声音通讯,以此减少被捕食的风险。本文对鳞翅目昆虫的声音通讯作用、发声器官和听觉器官结构、发声方式等进行综述,并展望利用声波防治鳞翅目害虫的潜力,为鳞翅目昆虫声音通讯的深入研究提供参考,也为该类害虫的绿色防控提供思路。

In vitro and in vivo application of RNA interference for targeting genes involved in peritrophic matrix synthesis in a lepidopteran system

The midgut of most insects is lined with a semipermeable acellular tube, the peritrophic matrix （PM）, composed of chitin and proteins. Although various genes encoding PM proteins have been characterized, our understanding of their roles in PM structure and function is very limited. One promising approach for obtaining functional information is RNA interference, which has been used to reduce the levels of specific mRNAs using double-stranded RNAs administered to larvae by either injection or feeding. Although this method is well documented in dipterans and coleopterans, reports of its success in lepidopterans are varied. In the current study, the silencing midgut genes encoding PM proteins （insect intestinal mucin 1, insect intestinal mucin 4, PM protein 1） and the chitin biosynthetic or modifying enzymes （chitin synthase-B and chitin deacetylase 1） in a noctuid lepidopteran, Mamestra configurata, was examined in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies in primary midgut epithelial cell preparations revealed an acute and rapid silencing （by 24 h） for the gene encoding chitin deacetylase 1 and a slower rate of silencing （by 72 h） for the gene encoding PM protein 1. Genes encoding insect intestinal mucins were slightly silenced by 72 h, whereas no silencing was detected for the gene encoding chitin synthase-B. In vivo experiments focused on chitin deacetylase 1, as the gene was silenced to the greatest extent in vitro. Continuous feeding of neonates and fourth instar larvae with double-stranded RNA resulted in silencing of chitin deacetylase 1 by 24 and 36 h, respectively. Feeding a single dose to neonates also resulted in silencing by 24 h. The current study demonstrates that genes encoding PM proteins can be silenced and outlines conditions for RNA interference by per os feeding in lepidopterans.