Objective:To investigate the potential activity of novel herbal combination and novel herbal formulation(syrup)in female Sprague Dawley rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Forty-two rat...Objective:To investigate the potential activity of novel herbal combination and novel herbal formulation(syrup)in female Sprague Dawley rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Forty-two rats were randomly divided into seven groups with six rats in each group.Group 1 received 0.5%carboxy methylcellulose orally for 37 days and served as the normal control group.Group 2 was orally administered with letrozole of 1 mg/kg for 21 days and served as the PCOS induction group without treatment.Group 3 to 7 were administered with letrozole of 1 mg/kg for 21 days orally to induce PCOS,and then respectively received clomiphene citrate at 1 mg/kg,100 and 200 mg/kg of novel herbal combination,200 mg/kg of novel herbal formulation(syrup),and 400 mg/kg of marketed formulation of Pushyanuga churna,once daily for 15 days.Effects of the novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation were evaluated on the hormonal profile,the levels of antioxidants,the lipid profile and on the ovarian morphology,using letrozole-induced PCOS model in rats.Results:Letrozole caused alterations in hormonal levels and lipid levels similar to PCOS and ovarian histology showed presence of ovarian cysts confirming the induction of PCOS in rats.On treatment with the novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation in PCOS-induced rats,the altered hormonal and lipid profiles showed significant recovery to normal levels.Ovarian histology confirmed the restoration of folliculogenesis in the PCOS-induced rats.The treatment with the syrup formulation of novel herbal combination was found to be more effective than novel herbal combination and showed better recovery in various parameters evaluated.The results of the study,however,suggested that treatment with novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation provided minimal protection against oxidative stress caused due to the induction of PCOS.Conclusions:The integrated approach for management of PCOS is to counterbalance the limitations associated with modern therapy.Both the novel herbal combination and the syrup formulation of novel herbal combination show efficacy in the management of PCOS in rats and restore folliculogenesis in the ovary.The syrup formulation of novel herbal combination is most effective in the management of PCOS and shows potential to be developed as an adjuvant therapeutic agent.展开更多
We investigated whether letrozole (2.5 mg day-1) improves sperm count in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients. Four men were included in this study, and they had folliculo-stimulating hormone and other hormo...We investigated whether letrozole (2.5 mg day-1) improves sperm count in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients. Four men were included in this study, and they had folliculo-stimulating hormone and other hormone levels within the normal range and no varicoceles or chromosomal aberrations. These four patients were administered letrozole for 3 months. Sperm count, testicular volume, gonadotropin, testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) blood levels were assessed before, during and 1 week after the suspension of treatment. All patients showed spermatozoa in their ejaculate, increased gonadotropin and T levels and lower E2 levels (P〈0.05 in all cases), when letrozole was administered. This suggests that letrozole treatment might improve sperm count in an NOA sub-population; however, more studies, including the proper controls, are needed to confirm its efficacy.展开更多
A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of Letrozole in tablet dosage forms. Reversed-phase chromatography was performed on Shimadzu Mode...A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of Letrozole in tablet dosage forms. Reversed-phase chromatography was performed on Shimadzu Model LC-Class-Vp with Lichrocart/Lichrosphere 100 C-18 (250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm particle size) column with methanol: tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate (80:20V/V) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with UV detection at 240 nm. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 0.5-150 mg/mL (R 2 0.9998) with regression equation y 102582xt43185. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were found to be 0.043 and 0.012 mg/mL respectively. The forced degradation studies were performed by using HCl, NaOH, H 2 O 2 , thermal and UV radiation. Letrozole is more sensitive towards alkaline conditions and very much resistant towards acidic, oxidative and photolytic degradations. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The RSD for intra-day (0.78-0.97) and inter-day (0.86-0.96) precision were found to be lesser than 1%. The percentage recovery was in good agreement with the labeled amount in the pharmaceutical formulations and the method is simple, specific, precise and accurate for the determination of Letrozole in pharmaceutical formulations.展开更多
Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Letrozole versus Clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with infertility. Methods: This was a prospec...Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Letrozole versus Clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with infertility. Methods: This was a prospective randomized trial involving 150 women with PCOS attending the Infertility Clinic at three hospitals in Malaysia. During the initial visit, anthropometric measurements and baseline investigations were performed. Patients were randomized to 5.0 mg Letrozole daily (75 patients) or 100 mg Clomiphene citrate daily (75 patients) from the fifth until the ninth day of menstruation. Serial transvaginal scans were performed to see the dominant follicles, endometrial thickness and number of follicles. Transvaginal scans were performed serially to look for evidence of ovulation. Results: The subjects were homogenously distributed. The difference between Letrozole and Clomiphene citrate for ovulation rate was 59 (78.7%) versus 40 (53.3%). Patients taking Letrozole exhibited a mean endometrial thickness (ET) at mid cycle of menses (Day 11-D14) of9.2 mm(SD ± 2.3) versus8.4 mm(SD ± 2.2) for patients taking Clomiphene citrate, and these differences were statistically significant展开更多
The cyanide groups of letrozole(1-[bis(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazole) were hydrolyzed into the carboxylic groups under alkaline conditions. Then the hydrolysis product(1-[bis(4-carboxylphenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-tria...The cyanide groups of letrozole(1-[bis(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazole) were hydrolyzed into the carboxylic groups under alkaline conditions. Then the hydrolysis product(1-[bis(4-carboxylphenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazole, H2ltzda) reacted with Co(NO3)2·6H2O in the presence of different bipyridl-typed ligands under hydrothermal conditions. As a result, two new Co(Ⅱ) MOFs were obtained, formulated as [Co2(ltzda)2(bpp)2]n(1) and {[Co2(ltzda)2(bpy)]·4H2O}n(2)(bpp = 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane, bpy = 4,4’-bipyridine). Two MOFs have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and magnetic measure. 1 displays a 2D metal-organic framework containing wave layers and 2 shows a pillared-layer structure existing in a 2-fold interpenetrated mode.展开更多
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of anovulatory infertility. The therapeutic strategies for clomiphene citrate (CC)- resistant patients include the addition of corticosteroids, extended d...Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of anovulatory infertility. The therapeutic strategies for clomiphene citrate (CC)- resistant patients include the addition of corticosteroids, extended duration of clomiphene, gonadotrophin therapy, laparoscopic ovarian drilling, in vitro fertilization or the use of aromatase inhibitors recently. Letrozole decreases estrogen levels in the body, so it releases the hypothalamus and/or pituitary gland from the negative feedback of estrogen. This increases levels of gonadotrophins, which stimulates follicular growth. Objectives: To evaluate the role of letrozole alone and simultaneous use of letrozole and clomiphene citrate (CC) for ovulation induction in patients with clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS (CCR-PCOS). Patients and Methods: This open-label randomised controlled study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt during the period from February 2018 to June 2019. The study included 60 CCR-PCOS patients who were randomly allocated by independent personnel into two arms: group A (letrozole alone) or B (letrozole + CC). In either group, monitoring the mean follicular diameter and endometrial thickness in the days 10, 12, and 14 of the cycle by transvaginal ultrasound and Measurement of serum Progesterone (ng/ml) 7 days after the expected time of ovulation. Results: We investigated various clinical and sonographic factors that may predict the outcome of the method of induction of ovulation in CCR-PCOS with no significant affection for the results. There was a non-significant difference between the studied groups regarding ovulation and pregnancy per cycle or per patient. Conclusion: Letrozole alone or simultaneous use of letrozole and CC offers a good second-line option for induction of ovulation in CCR-PCOS patients. However, the combination of CC and letrozole did not add any benefit over the use of letrozole alone regards ovulation rate, follicular volume, endometrial thickness, pregnancy rate and live birth rate.展开更多
Objective: To determine if short-term treatment with Femara (letrozole) induces measurable reduction in tumor Ki67 expression in postmenopausal women with FIGO grade 1 and 2 endometrial carcinoma. Methods: In this non...Objective: To determine if short-term treatment with Femara (letrozole) induces measurable reduction in tumor Ki67 expression in postmenopausal women with FIGO grade 1 and 2 endometrial carcinoma. Methods: In this non-randomized prospective study, 12 patients were given Femara (letrozole) 2.5 mg daily for approximately 3 weeks prior to planned hysterectomy for FIGO grade 1 or 2 endometrial carcinoma. A group of 12 demographically similar patients were enrolled as no-treatment controls. Ki67 expression in tumor cells was quantitated by immunohistochemistry with mechanical scanning within the initial endometrial biopsy and compared to that in the hysterectomy specimen for each patient in the treatment and control groups. Results: The treatment and control groups were similar in age, tumor grade and FIGO stage. When “aromatase inhibitor responsiveness” was defined as proportionate decline in Ki67% stained tumor cells of at least 70% between the pre-treatment endometrial biopsy and post-treatment hysterectomy specimens, 5 of 12 patients were found to be “responsive” in the treatment group with none of the controls fulfilling these criteria. Conclusion: Femara (letrozole) 2.5 mg daily for approximately 3 weeks induced a significant reduction in tumor cell Ki67 expression among 5 of 12 (41%) postmenopausal women with FIGO grade 1 or 2 endometrial carcinoma. We postulate that Ki67 may be a useful marker during aromatase inhibitor medical treatment of patients with endometrial cancer who are not candidates for surgical treatment.展开更多
A rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) method is described for determination of letrozole in human plasma.Following solid phase extraction(SPE) of letroz...A rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) method is described for determination of letrozole in human plasma.Following solid phase extraction(SPE) of letrozole and letrozole-d4 on Orochem DVB-LP cartridges,chromatography was performed on Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18)(50 mm × 2.1 mm.1.7 μm) column using methanol-0.1%formic acid in water(85:15,v/v) as the mobile phase.Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray source,operated under positive ionization mode.Quantitation of letrozole and letrozole-d4 was done using multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) following the transitions at m/z286.2→217.0 and m/z 290.2→221.0,respectively.The calibration plots were linear through the concentration range of 0.10-100 ng/mL(r^2 ≥ 0.9990) using 100 μL human plasma.The extraction recovery of letrozole ranged from 94.3%to 96.2%and the intra-batch and inter-batch precision was ≤ 5.2%.The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of letrozole after oral administration of2.5 mg tablet formulation to 16 healthy postmenopausal Indian women.The assay reproducibility was also established through incurred sample reanalysis(ISR) of 74 subject samples.展开更多
上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术是正颌外科中矫治上颌骨畸形最常采用术式之一。但是,上颌骨的移动、肌肉的剥离会影响周围软组织的形态,其中鼻形态的改变越来越受到重视。已有研究报道,正颌手术后鼻形态的不利改变是降低患者手术满意度的主要...上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术是正颌外科中矫治上颌骨畸形最常采用术式之一。但是,上颌骨的移动、肌肉的剥离会影响周围软组织的形态,其中鼻形态的改变越来越受到重视。已有研究报道,正颌手术后鼻形态的不利改变是降低患者手术满意度的主要原因之一。明确上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术对鼻形态的影响能够帮助医生更准确地预测术后鼻形态的变化,从而优化手术设计、提高医患沟通效率。本文将对上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术后鼻部形态变化的研究进展作一综述,旨在为临床实践提供相应的参考。展开更多
上颌窦炎是Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术后常见的并发症,对正颌术后的骨质愈合等非常不利。明确Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术后上颌窦炎发生的相关因素,针对性采取预防措施,早期发现与及时治疗,对于降低上颌窦炎的发生率,加快患者术后康复,以及提升患者术...上颌窦炎是Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术后常见的并发症,对正颌术后的骨质愈合等非常不利。明确Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术后上颌窦炎发生的相关因素,针对性采取预防措施,早期发现与及时治疗,对于降低上颌窦炎的发生率,加快患者术后康复,以及提升患者术后生活质量具有重要意义。本文就上颌骨Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术后并发上颌窦炎的影响、病因、诊断、治疗和预防等进行总结,为正颌外科相关医护人员早期诊治上颌窦炎提供参考。展开更多
Background:?Unexplained infertility represents about 15% - 20% of infertile couples. Usually, these cases need assistance. Clomiphene citrate is the most used drug for this problem but sometimes pregnancy failed to ac...Background:?Unexplained infertility represents about 15% - 20% of infertile couples. Usually, these cases need assistance. Clomiphene citrate is the most used drug for this problem but sometimes pregnancy failed to achieve it, so other options for assistance are gonadotrophin or letrezole. The objective of our study was to compare the pregnancy rate for letrezole and gonadotropin inunexplained infertile women’s who failed to conceive with clomiphene citrate. Methods: This prospective quasi-randomized trial was carried out in cytogenetic unite at obstetrics and gynecology department, Zagazig University Hospital. 140 infertile females were included, induction of ovulation by letrozole for half of them and by gonadotrophin for the other half. Results: There was statistically highly significant decrease in duration of stimulation, E2 levels and endometrial thickness at day of HCG in letrezole group, no significant difference between two groups as regard number of follicles and pregnancy rate per cycle, while the cumulative pregnancy rate and the cost of stimulation are significantly higher in gonadotrophin group. Conclusion: In patient with unexplained infertility who failed to conceive with clomiphene citrate, gonadotrophins have a higher pregnancy rate than letrezole. However, pregnancy rate was high enough with lower cost with letrezole to be acceptable and justified its use in this group of patients.展开更多
目的:探讨改良鼻旁植骨是否能减少Le Fort 1型截骨下降手术术后上颌骨垂直向的复发。方法:选择双颌手术中上颌骨下降幅度>3 mm的患者30例,分为改良鼻旁植骨组和非改良鼻旁植骨组。利用术前(T0)、术后3天(T1)和术后6个月(T2)的颌面CT...目的:探讨改良鼻旁植骨是否能减少Le Fort 1型截骨下降手术术后上颌骨垂直向的复发。方法:选择双颌手术中上颌骨下降幅度>3 mm的患者30例,分为改良鼻旁植骨组和非改良鼻旁植骨组。利用术前(T0)、术后3天(T1)和术后6个月(T2)的颌面CT数据对上颌骨位置进行三维测量;同时利用T1与T2的CT数据计算植骨块厚度的变化。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:术后6个月,在垂直方向上,改良鼻旁植骨组上切牙点复发量为(0.54±0.35)mm,非改良鼻旁植骨组上切牙点复发量为(1.18±0.76)mm(P=0.3997)。2组在前后、水平方向的复发率无显著差异。改良鼻旁植骨组的植骨块厚度降低(11.75±6.25)%,非改良鼻旁植骨组的植骨块厚度降低(33.77±11.56)%(P<0.0001)。结果:改良鼻旁植骨可有效减少植骨块吸收,以及术后上颌骨垂直向复发。展开更多
基金supported by DST-SERB,Government of India via sanction No.EMR/2017/001106。
文摘Objective:To investigate the potential activity of novel herbal combination and novel herbal formulation(syrup)in female Sprague Dawley rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Forty-two rats were randomly divided into seven groups with six rats in each group.Group 1 received 0.5%carboxy methylcellulose orally for 37 days and served as the normal control group.Group 2 was orally administered with letrozole of 1 mg/kg for 21 days and served as the PCOS induction group without treatment.Group 3 to 7 were administered with letrozole of 1 mg/kg for 21 days orally to induce PCOS,and then respectively received clomiphene citrate at 1 mg/kg,100 and 200 mg/kg of novel herbal combination,200 mg/kg of novel herbal formulation(syrup),and 400 mg/kg of marketed formulation of Pushyanuga churna,once daily for 15 days.Effects of the novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation were evaluated on the hormonal profile,the levels of antioxidants,the lipid profile and on the ovarian morphology,using letrozole-induced PCOS model in rats.Results:Letrozole caused alterations in hormonal levels and lipid levels similar to PCOS and ovarian histology showed presence of ovarian cysts confirming the induction of PCOS in rats.On treatment with the novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation in PCOS-induced rats,the altered hormonal and lipid profiles showed significant recovery to normal levels.Ovarian histology confirmed the restoration of folliculogenesis in the PCOS-induced rats.The treatment with the syrup formulation of novel herbal combination was found to be more effective than novel herbal combination and showed better recovery in various parameters evaluated.The results of the study,however,suggested that treatment with novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation provided minimal protection against oxidative stress caused due to the induction of PCOS.Conclusions:The integrated approach for management of PCOS is to counterbalance the limitations associated with modern therapy.Both the novel herbal combination and the syrup formulation of novel herbal combination show efficacy in the management of PCOS in rats and restore folliculogenesis in the ovary.The syrup formulation of novel herbal combination is most effective in the management of PCOS and shows potential to be developed as an adjuvant therapeutic agent.
文摘We investigated whether letrozole (2.5 mg day-1) improves sperm count in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients. Four men were included in this study, and they had folliculo-stimulating hormone and other hormone levels within the normal range and no varicoceles or chromosomal aberrations. These four patients were administered letrozole for 3 months. Sperm count, testicular volume, gonadotropin, testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) blood levels were assessed before, during and 1 week after the suspension of treatment. All patients showed spermatozoa in their ejaculate, increased gonadotropin and T levels and lower E2 levels (P〈0.05 in all cases), when letrozole was administered. This suggests that letrozole treatment might improve sperm count in an NOA sub-population; however, more studies, including the proper controls, are needed to confirm its efficacy.
文摘A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of Letrozole in tablet dosage forms. Reversed-phase chromatography was performed on Shimadzu Model LC-Class-Vp with Lichrocart/Lichrosphere 100 C-18 (250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm particle size) column with methanol: tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate (80:20V/V) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with UV detection at 240 nm. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 0.5-150 mg/mL (R 2 0.9998) with regression equation y 102582xt43185. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were found to be 0.043 and 0.012 mg/mL respectively. The forced degradation studies were performed by using HCl, NaOH, H 2 O 2 , thermal and UV radiation. Letrozole is more sensitive towards alkaline conditions and very much resistant towards acidic, oxidative and photolytic degradations. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The RSD for intra-day (0.78-0.97) and inter-day (0.86-0.96) precision were found to be lesser than 1%. The percentage recovery was in good agreement with the labeled amount in the pharmaceutical formulations and the method is simple, specific, precise and accurate for the determination of Letrozole in pharmaceutical formulations.
文摘Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Letrozole versus Clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with infertility. Methods: This was a prospective randomized trial involving 150 women with PCOS attending the Infertility Clinic at three hospitals in Malaysia. During the initial visit, anthropometric measurements and baseline investigations were performed. Patients were randomized to 5.0 mg Letrozole daily (75 patients) or 100 mg Clomiphene citrate daily (75 patients) from the fifth until the ninth day of menstruation. Serial transvaginal scans were performed to see the dominant follicles, endometrial thickness and number of follicles. Transvaginal scans were performed serially to look for evidence of ovulation. Results: The subjects were homogenously distributed. The difference between Letrozole and Clomiphene citrate for ovulation rate was 59 (78.7%) versus 40 (53.3%). Patients taking Letrozole exhibited a mean endometrial thickness (ET) at mid cycle of menses (Day 11-D14) of9.2 mm(SD ± 2.3) versus8.4 mm(SD ± 2.2) for patients taking Clomiphene citrate, and these differences were statistically significant
基金supported by the Project of Science&Technology in Henan Province(No.172102310441)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21571093)
文摘The cyanide groups of letrozole(1-[bis(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazole) were hydrolyzed into the carboxylic groups under alkaline conditions. Then the hydrolysis product(1-[bis(4-carboxylphenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazole, H2ltzda) reacted with Co(NO3)2·6H2O in the presence of different bipyridl-typed ligands under hydrothermal conditions. As a result, two new Co(Ⅱ) MOFs were obtained, formulated as [Co2(ltzda)2(bpp)2]n(1) and {[Co2(ltzda)2(bpy)]·4H2O}n(2)(bpp = 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane, bpy = 4,4’-bipyridine). Two MOFs have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and magnetic measure. 1 displays a 2D metal-organic framework containing wave layers and 2 shows a pillared-layer structure existing in a 2-fold interpenetrated mode.
文摘Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of anovulatory infertility. The therapeutic strategies for clomiphene citrate (CC)- resistant patients include the addition of corticosteroids, extended duration of clomiphene, gonadotrophin therapy, laparoscopic ovarian drilling, in vitro fertilization or the use of aromatase inhibitors recently. Letrozole decreases estrogen levels in the body, so it releases the hypothalamus and/or pituitary gland from the negative feedback of estrogen. This increases levels of gonadotrophins, which stimulates follicular growth. Objectives: To evaluate the role of letrozole alone and simultaneous use of letrozole and clomiphene citrate (CC) for ovulation induction in patients with clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS (CCR-PCOS). Patients and Methods: This open-label randomised controlled study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt during the period from February 2018 to June 2019. The study included 60 CCR-PCOS patients who were randomly allocated by independent personnel into two arms: group A (letrozole alone) or B (letrozole + CC). In either group, monitoring the mean follicular diameter and endometrial thickness in the days 10, 12, and 14 of the cycle by transvaginal ultrasound and Measurement of serum Progesterone (ng/ml) 7 days after the expected time of ovulation. Results: We investigated various clinical and sonographic factors that may predict the outcome of the method of induction of ovulation in CCR-PCOS with no significant affection for the results. There was a non-significant difference between the studied groups regarding ovulation and pregnancy per cycle or per patient. Conclusion: Letrozole alone or simultaneous use of letrozole and CC offers a good second-line option for induction of ovulation in CCR-PCOS patients. However, the combination of CC and letrozole did not add any benefit over the use of letrozole alone regards ovulation rate, follicular volume, endometrial thickness, pregnancy rate and live birth rate.
文摘Objective: To determine if short-term treatment with Femara (letrozole) induces measurable reduction in tumor Ki67 expression in postmenopausal women with FIGO grade 1 and 2 endometrial carcinoma. Methods: In this non-randomized prospective study, 12 patients were given Femara (letrozole) 2.5 mg daily for approximately 3 weeks prior to planned hysterectomy for FIGO grade 1 or 2 endometrial carcinoma. A group of 12 demographically similar patients were enrolled as no-treatment controls. Ki67 expression in tumor cells was quantitated by immunohistochemistry with mechanical scanning within the initial endometrial biopsy and compared to that in the hysterectomy specimen for each patient in the treatment and control groups. Results: The treatment and control groups were similar in age, tumor grade and FIGO stage. When “aromatase inhibitor responsiveness” was defined as proportionate decline in Ki67% stained tumor cells of at least 70% between the pre-treatment endometrial biopsy and post-treatment hysterectomy specimens, 5 of 12 patients were found to be “responsive” in the treatment group with none of the controls fulfilling these criteria. Conclusion: Femara (letrozole) 2.5 mg daily for approximately 3 weeks induced a significant reduction in tumor cell Ki67 expression among 5 of 12 (41%) postmenopausal women with FIGO grade 1 or 2 endometrial carcinoma. We postulate that Ki67 may be a useful marker during aromatase inhibitor medical treatment of patients with endometrial cancer who are not candidates for surgical treatment.
基金Department of Chemistry,St.Xavier's College,Ahmedabad,India for supporting this work
文摘A rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) method is described for determination of letrozole in human plasma.Following solid phase extraction(SPE) of letrozole and letrozole-d4 on Orochem DVB-LP cartridges,chromatography was performed on Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18)(50 mm × 2.1 mm.1.7 μm) column using methanol-0.1%formic acid in water(85:15,v/v) as the mobile phase.Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray source,operated under positive ionization mode.Quantitation of letrozole and letrozole-d4 was done using multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) following the transitions at m/z286.2→217.0 and m/z 290.2→221.0,respectively.The calibration plots were linear through the concentration range of 0.10-100 ng/mL(r^2 ≥ 0.9990) using 100 μL human plasma.The extraction recovery of letrozole ranged from 94.3%to 96.2%and the intra-batch and inter-batch precision was ≤ 5.2%.The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of letrozole after oral administration of2.5 mg tablet formulation to 16 healthy postmenopausal Indian women.The assay reproducibility was also established through incurred sample reanalysis(ISR) of 74 subject samples.
文摘上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术是正颌外科中矫治上颌骨畸形最常采用术式之一。但是,上颌骨的移动、肌肉的剥离会影响周围软组织的形态,其中鼻形态的改变越来越受到重视。已有研究报道,正颌手术后鼻形态的不利改变是降低患者手术满意度的主要原因之一。明确上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术对鼻形态的影响能够帮助医生更准确地预测术后鼻形态的变化,从而优化手术设计、提高医患沟通效率。本文将对上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术后鼻部形态变化的研究进展作一综述,旨在为临床实践提供相应的参考。
文摘上颌窦炎是Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术后常见的并发症,对正颌术后的骨质愈合等非常不利。明确Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术后上颌窦炎发生的相关因素,针对性采取预防措施,早期发现与及时治疗,对于降低上颌窦炎的发生率,加快患者术后康复,以及提升患者术后生活质量具有重要意义。本文就上颌骨Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术后并发上颌窦炎的影响、病因、诊断、治疗和预防等进行总结,为正颌外科相关医护人员早期诊治上颌窦炎提供参考。
文摘Background:?Unexplained infertility represents about 15% - 20% of infertile couples. Usually, these cases need assistance. Clomiphene citrate is the most used drug for this problem but sometimes pregnancy failed to achieve it, so other options for assistance are gonadotrophin or letrezole. The objective of our study was to compare the pregnancy rate for letrezole and gonadotropin inunexplained infertile women’s who failed to conceive with clomiphene citrate. Methods: This prospective quasi-randomized trial was carried out in cytogenetic unite at obstetrics and gynecology department, Zagazig University Hospital. 140 infertile females were included, induction of ovulation by letrozole for half of them and by gonadotrophin for the other half. Results: There was statistically highly significant decrease in duration of stimulation, E2 levels and endometrial thickness at day of HCG in letrezole group, no significant difference between two groups as regard number of follicles and pregnancy rate per cycle, while the cumulative pregnancy rate and the cost of stimulation are significantly higher in gonadotrophin group. Conclusion: In patient with unexplained infertility who failed to conceive with clomiphene citrate, gonadotrophins have a higher pregnancy rate than letrezole. However, pregnancy rate was high enough with lower cost with letrezole to be acceptable and justified its use in this group of patients.
文摘目的:探讨改良鼻旁植骨是否能减少Le Fort 1型截骨下降手术术后上颌骨垂直向的复发。方法:选择双颌手术中上颌骨下降幅度>3 mm的患者30例,分为改良鼻旁植骨组和非改良鼻旁植骨组。利用术前(T0)、术后3天(T1)和术后6个月(T2)的颌面CT数据对上颌骨位置进行三维测量;同时利用T1与T2的CT数据计算植骨块厚度的变化。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:术后6个月,在垂直方向上,改良鼻旁植骨组上切牙点复发量为(0.54±0.35)mm,非改良鼻旁植骨组上切牙点复发量为(1.18±0.76)mm(P=0.3997)。2组在前后、水平方向的复发率无显著差异。改良鼻旁植骨组的植骨块厚度降低(11.75±6.25)%,非改良鼻旁植骨组的植骨块厚度降低(33.77±11.56)%(P<0.0001)。结果:改良鼻旁植骨可有效减少植骨块吸收,以及术后上颌骨垂直向复发。