Letters and Visits System Optimization and Implementation

The letters and visits system plays a vital role in government work, serving as a crucial tool for supervising law enforcement and administrative conduct, ensuring public officials’ integrity, and promoting governance by law. As Chinese citizens’ political awareness grows, the volume of letters and visits has increased steadily. This paper reviews the current state of letters and visits information construction, identifies challenges and problems in system integration, presents integration ideas for existing systems, and proposes an innovative approach to letters and visits system integration. This research aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for other units undertaking similar system integration efforts.

Discourse Analysis on Business English Claim Letters

Based on the context theory within the framework of the metafunction,the paper analyses the English claim letters in terms of field,tenor and mode.The result of the paper shows the features of the claim letters which will help the English claim letter writing.

A Genre——based Analysis of English Refusal Letters

The present study analyzes ten English refusal letters of two subcategories based on Swales' genre analysis model and finds that difference exists in the generic features of the two subcategorized types. Teachers should reveal the underlying rationale behind linguistic features of a specific genre so that students can not only identify genre but also apply it appropriately.

On Textual Function of English Business Letters

The English business letter (EBL) is an important written text used for international business communication and it has its own features of text. This paper explores the textual function of EBL in terms of thematic structure and thematic progression and finds that EBL has its unique textual features.

A Study on Translation Approaches to Commercial Letters of Credit under the Guidance of Skopos Theory

According to the customs,by the end of 2011,the whole value of Chinese foreign trade is two thousand nine hundred and ninety four billion dollars,by the end of 2009,5 percents of the accounts of Chinese foreign trade with a value of fifty hundred billion dollars are unpaid.Most of the financial loss are caused by wrong translation of documents.The letter of credit is the most important way of payment in the international trade,so great attention should be paid to the translation of this type of document.Until now,the study against the translation of the letter of credit is scant.This paper will apply the skopos theory put forward by Hans Vermeer and developed in Germany in the late 1970s to guide the translation practice of the letter of credit.

Analysis Into the Impacts of A Unified Layout of Business Letters on a Company

This paper tells about the layout of a business letter and explains some impacts of a unified layout on a company.

A Corpus-based View of Lexical Gender in Business Letters

This article investigates lexical gender in specialized communication. The key method of analysis is that of forms of address, professional titles, and 'generic man' in a one million word corpus of business letters. This paper found a mixed results:on the one hand, the 'male-as-norm' principle contributes to reinforcing typical gender stereotypes:for example, for each woman referred to in the corpus, there are more than 3 occurrences for man. On the other hand, advocates of non-sexist English have also influenced written Business English:for example, Ms is more frequent than Mrs. or Miss, which sustains the claim that equates Ms with professional settings. This article ends by discussing the ways in which the research findings of this study could positively impact upon the teaching of Business English.

Pragmatic Functions of Hedges in Business Letters

The aim of the present research to explore the hedges used English business letters. Several samples have been chosen to make qualitative study in order to achieve the goal of answering the following question: what are the pragmatic functions of hedges being used in business letters? After analyzing the samples, the conclusion could be came that the employment of hedges in business letters has three pragmatic functions-giving the right amount of information, being polite and self-production.

Politeness Strategies in English and Chinese Business Letters

This paper explores similarities and differences in the application of positive and negative politeness strategies to English and Chinese business letters and illuminates underlying causes of such similarities and differences.The results indicate that English and Chinese business letters have some common features and great discrepancies in categories and the distribution of positive and negative politeness strategies.It is argued that common situational factors,different cultural backgrounds and different syntactic features result in their similarities and differences.

A Study of Politeness Principle in Business Letters

Business English letter is an important component of external part of business activities, politeness of the language not only shows the high quality of the businessmen, but also helps to establish a good international business relations. From a stylistic point of view, business letters in English have their unique characteristics in accordance with the Politeness Principles (PP). A sufficient understanding of this theory and its corresponding features helps to write a neatly arranged letter which may bring about good business relations. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the language characteristics of business English letters on the Politeness Principles. This paper investigates the main characteristics of business English letters in terms of vocabulary and sentence features. The Politeness Principles are elaborated through the analysis of examples. Conclusions concerning the stylistic characteristics are drawn based on these analysis. By exploring these characteristics of business letters, the paper also provides the learners of business English with the techniques necessary for writing business letters.

A Study on the Application in Business Letters of Cooperative Principle

With the rapid development of science and technology, English business letters have become one of the most crucial parts in foreign trade. English business letters play an important role in foreign trade, which aims to acquire information, make effective communication, deal with related matters, maintain friendly business relations and proceed regular business contacts.As an effective bridge and cooperative bond, English business letters receive its popularity in joint ventures. The leaders focus on the application of the English business letters.The paper focus on the study of English business letters through cooperative principle, letting users of English business letters have a more profound and comprehensive understanding. Therefore, it is better to guide and get desired outcome.

The Leisure Style of Men of Letters in the Late Ming Dynasty and Its Social Influence

This paper explored the background of the leisure boom among the literati in the late Ming Dynasty from the aspects of politics, economy, ideology and social environment, and elaborated the leisure styles of the literati in terms of enjoying a sightseeing tour, sampling wine and tea, appreciating and collecting calligraphy and painting works, favoring theatergoing, indulging in dallying with prostitutes, practicing meditation, and building gardens, and analyzed the influence of their leisure styles on the painting and calligraphy art, drama, literary creation, garden construction and other aspects of the society at that time. It is hoped that this paper can provide a deep understanding of social politics, economy, ideology and culture in the late Ming Dynasty and a reference for the development of the current leisure tourism.

Nano-Micro Letters

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Nano-Micro Letters

Copyright Information For copyright regulations and license agreement,please go to www.springeropen.com/about/copyright Open Access The articles published in this journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use,distribution,and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s)

Moblie Application for Recognizing Pali Letters

Pali is considered as the language of the canon continued to be influenced by analysts and grammarians,and by the native languages of the countries like Sri Lanka,in which Therava da Buddhism became established over many years.The Pali language has been used to write many stone inscriptions in ancient times.For ordinary travelers the recognition of the content of ancient inscriptions and some other written material are not possible.This study has focused to find a solution with a mobile application to recognize Pali characters in a user-friendly User Interface.The character recognition in real time is the most essential part of the study.Machine learning and neural networks are trending technologies adapted for handwriting recognition in some languages.But for many languages this technology has not been developed yet.Pali is one of such languages that had survived until the eighteenth century.In this study the images of Pali letters are identified through a trained Convolution Neural Network(CNN).Python and Android Studio software were used for training process and identifying letters respectively with the developed mobile application.The limited capacity and the processing power of a mobile phone makes it more challenging to run the application.Tensor Flow Lite is end to end open source platform in machine learning.Therefore,Tensor Flow Lite was used in this study.Since the Android mobile is a common equipment which everybody has in modern societies,using this Off-line Pali character Recognition mobile application the archelogy researchers and travelers can use them conveniently to understand the content written in ancient documents.

Letters to the Editor

The Editor welcomes submissions for possible publication in the Letters to the Editor section that consist of commentary on an article published in the Journal or other relevant issues.

Xue Xue,a practitioner,well-versed in both polite letters and martial arts

Xue Xue(1681e1770,courtesy name:Xue Shengbai)also known as Yipiao,or Holy Man Huaiyun,was a native of Suzhou,Jiangsu Province.1 As a specialist of warm disease he was well-versed in both polite letters and martial arts,and he was the author of Systematic Differentiation of Dampness-heat Disorders(Shi Re Tiao Bian),Gist of Medical Theories(Yi Jing Yuan Zhi)and Xue Yipiao’s Case Records(Xue Yipiao Yi An),etc.

Letters to the Editor

The Editor welcomes submissions for possible publication in the Letters to the Editor section.Letters commenting on an article published in the Journal or other interesting pieces will be considered if they are received within 6 weeks of the time the article was published.Authors of the article being commented on will be given an opportunity to offer a timely response to the letter Authors of letters will be notified that the letter has been received. Unpublished letters cannot be returned.

Letters

Zhou Guoshan 66, male, Renhe Village, Renhe Township, Rongcheng City, Shandong Province I felt so excited and proud when 1 received the money as one of the first group to receive the reward on July 11, 2004. Honestly, we had never expected any reward from the government when we volunteered to have sterilization operation after having two daughters. At that time,