限价订单簿的价格发现功能——基于上海证券交易所Level-2行情数据的实证研究

基于上海证券交易所Level-2行情数据，本文采用Hasbrouck信息份额方法估计了最优买卖报价、最近成交价及第2至第10档次优买卖报价对价格发现的贡献度，尤其关注次优限价订单对资产有效价格的解释能力。研究结果表明：最优限价订单的贡献度最大，在价格发现中提供了63．82％的信息份额；最近成交价的贡献度为14．76％；次优限价订单有助于价格发现，其贡献度为21.43％；次优限价订单的信息含量随订单主动性的下降而递减；随着交易活跃度的下降，投资者更倾向于提交限价订单，从而导致次优限价订单包含更多信息价值；次优限价订单的信息含量随公司规模和Beta系数的上升而单调下降。

The Main Biological Hazards in Animal Biosafety Level 2 Facilities and Strategies for Control

Concern about the biological hazards involved in microbiological research, especially research involving laboratory animals, has increased in recent years. Working in an animal biosafety level 2 facility （ABSL-2）, commonly used for research on infectious diseases, poses various biological hazards. Here, the regulations and standards related to laboratory biosafety in China are introduced, the potential biological hazards present in ABSL-2 facilities are analyzed, and a series of strategies to control the hazards are presented.

Parsimonious Model for Blood Glucose Level Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes patients

To establish the parsimonious model for blood glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving oral hypoglycemic agent treatment. One hundred and fifty-nine adult Chinese type 2 diabetes patients were randomized to receive rapid-acting or sustained-release gliclazide therapy for 12 weeks.

Plasma MMP-2 and MMP-7 levels are elevated first month after surgery and may promote growth of residual metastases

BACKGROUND MMP-2 also known as gelatinase A and MMP-7(matrilysin)are members of the zinc-dependent family of MMPs(Matrix metalloproteinase).MMP-2 and MMP-7 are remodeling enzymes that digest extracellular matrix;MMP-2 is extensively expressed during development and is upregulated at sites of tissue damage,inflammation,and in stromal cells of metastatic tumors.MMP-7 is expressed in the epithelial cells and in a variety of cancers including colon tumors.Plasma MMP-2 and MMP-7 levels were assessed before and after minimally invasive colorectal resection for cancer pathology.AIM To determine plasma MMP-2 and MMP-7 levels before and after minimally invasive colorectal resection for cancer pathology.METHODS Patients enrolled in a plasma bank for whom plasma was available were eligible.Plasma obtained from preoperative(Preop)and postoperative blood samples was used.Only colorectal cancer(CRC)patients who underwent elective minimally invasive cancer resection with preop,post-operative day(POD)1,3 and at least 1 late postop sample(POD 7-34)were included.Late samples were bundled into 7 d blocks(POD 7-13,14-20,etc.)and treated as single time points.Plasma MMP-2 and MMP-7 levels were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in duplicate.RESULTS Total 88 minimally invasive CRC resection CRC patients were studied(right colectomy,37%;sigmoid,24%;and LAR/AR 18%).Cancer stages were:1,31%;2,30%;3,34%;and 4,5%.Mean Preop MMP-2 plasma level(ng/mL)was 179.3±40.9(n=88).Elevated mean levels were noted on POD1(214.3±51.2,n=87,P<0.001),POD3(258.0±63.9,n=80,P<0.001),POD7-13(229.9±62.3,n=65,P<0.001),POD 14-20(234.9±47.5,n=25,P<0.001),POD 21-27(237.0±63.5,n=17,P<0.001,)and POD 28-34(255.4±59.7,n=15,P<0.001).Mean Preop MMP-7 level was 3.9±1.9(n=88).No significant differences were noted on POD 1 or 3,however,significantly elevated levels were noted on POD 7-13(5.7±2.5,n=65,P<0.001),POD 14-20(5.9±2.5,n=25,P<0.001),POD 21-27(6.1±3.6,n=17,P=0.002)and on POD 28-34(6.8±3.3,n=15 P<0.001,)vs preop levels.CONCLUSION MMP-2 levels are elevated for 5 wk and MMP-7 levels elevated for weeks 2-6.The etiology of these changes in unclear,trauma and wound healing likely play a role.These changes may promote residual tumor growth and metastasis.

对PostScript Level 2用于颜色再现的评估

本文论述了PostScript Level 2页面描述语言与当前的Level 1相比所具有的优缺点。Level 2的主要优点在于对颜色再现的优势,它包括实现了独立于设备的色彩、数据压缩和解压滤波,更优化的内存管理和改进后的网目调算法。文中同时还说明了目前市场上Level 2为什么装备得还很少的几点原因。指出当今市场公认的主要障碍是缺乏工作驱动器,但这个问题不久就能克服。

符合功能安全的Level2层VCU架构设计

由工信部发布的《智能网联汽车生产企业及产品准入管理指南(试行)》(征求意见稿)中第九条规定:智能网联汽车产品应满足功能安全、功能安全测试等过程保障要求。故而在基于E-Gas三层架构的基础上,根据功能安全软件架构要求,采用基于模型开发MBD设计了整车控制器VCU的Level1功能层和Level2监控层软件架构。对Level2监控层的信号校验、过程处理监控和输出监控策略进行设计,设计了探测对应失效的安全机制,以及对应安全状态。最后进行安全分析,并利用静态代码检查工具对模型进行功能安全规范和MAB规范进行检查,通过模型测试工具进行集成测试,结果表明,Level2监控层模型符合需求设计和功能安全要求。

Algebraic Study of the Vibrational Levels and Potential Energy Surface of the Excited Electronic State （C^1A＇） for S2O

The vibrational levels and potential energy surface of a stable structure for S2O in the excited electronic states C^1A＇ were carried out with algebraic method. The vibrational spectra were obtained （with total quantum number v=20） by fitting 30 spectra data. The fitted rms（root mean square） error based on the Hamiltonian witb 9 parameters was 2.40 cm^-1. The dissociation energy and force constant were also determined by the analytical potential energy surface. The method is proved to be effective by comparing these results with the experimental data.

Effect of Increasing CO_2 on the Stratospheric Level of CO and O_3

Production and destruction processes of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) are examined in the light of increasing amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). It is found that doubling of CO2 will increase the stratospheric concentration of CO and will have positive effect on O3 concentration.

The Relative Impact of Regional Scale Land Cover Change and Increasing CO_2 over China

A series of 17-yr equilibrium simulations using the NCAR COM3 (T42resolution) were performed to investigate the regional scale impacts of land cover change andincreasing CO_2 over China. Simulations with natural and current land cover at CO_2 levels of 280,355, 430, and 505 ppmv were conducted. Results show statistically significant changes in majorclimate fields (e.g. temperature and surface wind speed) on a 15-yr average following land coverchange. We also found increases in the maximum temperature and in the diurnal temperature range dueto land cover change. Increases in CO_2 affect both the maximum and minimum temperature so thatchanges in the diurnal range are small. Both land cover change and CO_2 change also impact thefrequency distribution of precipitation with increasing CO_2 tending to lead to more intenseprecipitation and land cover change leading to less intense precipitation―indeed, the impact ofland cover change typically had the opposite effect versus the impacts of CO_2. Our results providesupport for the inclusion of future land cover change scenarios in long-term transitory climatemodelling experiments of the 21st Century. Our results also support the inclusion of land surfacemodels that can represent future land cover changes resulting from an ecological response to naturalclimate variability or increasing CO_2. Overall, we show that land cover change can have asignificant impact on the regional scale climate of China, and that regionally, this impact is of asimilar magnitude to increases in CO_2 of up to about 430 ppmv. This means that that the impact ofland cover change must be accounted for in detection and attribution studies over China.

Is T1-2 Disc Herniation Rare? A Case Report

Backround: The English literature contains very few reports on disc herniation at upper thoracic levels. This report presents a patient with T1-2 disc herniation who underwent successful surgery. Case Presentation: A 47-year-old female presented that the right T1 root was compressed by foraminal disc herniation at the T1-2 level. Conclusion: The anterior approach is an easy and appropriate method to treat central and foraminal disc herniation of the thoracic spine.

Quality analysis of crustal tilt and strain observations in China's earthquakes in 2014

This work analyzes the quality of crustal tilt and strain observations during 2014, which were acquired from 269 sets of ground tiltmeters and 212 sets of strainmeters. In terms of data quality, the water tube tiltmeters presented the highest rate of excellent quality,approximately 91%, and the pendulum tiltmeters and ground strainmeters yielded rates of81% and 78%, respectively. This means that a total of 380 sets of instruments produced high-quality observational data suitable for scientific investigations and analyses.

用比湿数据及独立成分分析研究ENSO在对流层上层的响应

基于2006—2016年气象、电离层与气候卫星观测系统(COSMIC)提供的level 2‘wetPrf’比湿数据集,首次提出了独立成分分析(ICA)联合低通滤波的方法提取对流层上层的厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)信号。结合现有的气象学研究与传统方法主成分分析(PCA)的结果,分析了ENSO信号在对流层上层的响应。结果表明:ICA提取的ENSO信号具有更高的可靠性、有效性和可解释性,且得到了现有气象研究很好的支撑。该方法很好地分离出具有不同区域特征的源信号,凸显了这种基于信息理论的方法在ENSO信号提取方面的潜力。

Peculiar Photoconduction in Semi-Insulating GaAs Photoconductive Switch Triggered by 1064nm Laser Pulse

The peculiar photoconduction in semi insulating GaAs photoconductive switch being triggered by 1064nm laser pulse is reported.The gap between two electrodes of the switch is 4mm.When it is triggered by laser pulse with energy of 0 8mJ and the pulse width of 5ns,and operated at biased electric field of 2 0 and 6 0kV/cm,both linear and nonlinear modes of the switch are observed respectively.Whereas the biased electric field adds to 9 5kV/cm,and the triggered laser is in range of 0 5～1 0mJ,the peculiar performed characteristic is observed:the switch gives a linear waveform firstly,and then after a delay time of about 20～250ns,it outputs a nonlinear waveform again.The physical mechanism of this specific phenomenon is associated with the anti site defects of semi insulating GaAs and two step single photon absorption.The delay time between linear waveform and nonlinear waveform is calculated,and the result matches the experiments.

Investigation of GaAs Photoconductive Switch Irradiated by 1553nm Laser Pulse

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS's) with a 1.55mm gap spacing trigged by 1553nm femtosecond fiber laser pulse is presented.The switches are biased with 3.33～10.3kV/cm and irradiated by femtosecond fiber laser operated at a wavelength of 1553nm with pulse width of 200fs and pulse energy of 0.2nJ.The experiments show that,even if the semi-insulating GaAs photoconductive switch operates under the electrical field of 10.3kV/cm,it will be still linear response,and a clear corresponding output electric pulse with the peak voltage of 0.8mV is captured.From the weak photoconductivity on laser intensity,photoabsorption mediated by EL2 deep level defects is suggested,as the primary process for the photoconductivity.

谁偷看了你的底牌

“Level2和Topview我们都购买了，”一位交易员说，“如果其他机构买了，我们不买，恐怕就会吃亏。”

Fengyun Meteorological Satellite Products for Earth System Science Applications

Following the progress of satellite data assimilation in the 1990s, the combination of meteorological satellites and numerical models has changed the way scientists understand the earth. With the evolution of numerical weather prediction models and earth system models, meteorological satellites will play a more important role in earth sciences in the future. As part of the space-based infrastructure, the Fengyun (FY) meteorological satellites have contributed to earth science sustainability studies through an open data policy and stable data quality since the first launch of the FY-1A satellite in 1988. The capability of earth system monitoring was greatly enhanced after the second-generation polar orbiting FY-3 satellites and geostationary orbiting FY-4 satellites were developed. Meanwhile, the quality of the products generated from the FY-3 and FY-4 satellites is comparable to the well-known MODIS products. FY satellite data has been utilized broadly in weather forecasting, climate and climate change investigations, environmental disaster monitoring, etc. This article reviews the instruments mounted on the FY satellites. Sensor-dependent level 1 products (radiance data) and inversion algorithm-dependent level 2 products (geophysical parameters) are introduced. As an example, some typical geophysical parameters, such as wildfires, lightning, vegetation indices, aerosol products, soil moisture, and precipitation estimation have been demonstrated and validated by in-situ observations and other well-known satellite products. To help users access the FY products, a set of data sharing systems has been developed and operated. The newly developed data sharing system based on cloud technology has been illustrated to improve the efficiency of data delivery.

动态分支预测技术分析与量化研究

随着现代微处理器的流水线变得越来越深,指令发射宽度越来越大,预测失败所带来的时间代价和空间(功能部件)有效利用率损失也越来越大,预测准确率对流水线的性能的影响也越来越重要。为了量化研究不同动态分支预测技术的准确率,采用计算机体系结构模拟软件Simple Scalar和SPEC 2000 Benchmark,对2bC,GAg,PAg,GAp,PAp,G-share六种动态预测技术的分支方向和分支地址预测准确率进行了性能模拟与测试,最后对模拟结果进行统计分析,得出预测准确率与硬件实现复杂度之间的量化关系,为设计出具有高准确率和低复杂度的动态分支预测器提供了参考。

Effects of elevated CO_2 levels on root morphological traits and Cd uptakes of two Lolium species under Cd stress

This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of elevated CO2 levels and cadmium (Cd) on the root morphological traits and Cd accumulation in Lolium multiflorum Lam.and Lolium perenne L.exposed to two CO2 levels (360 and 1000 μl/L) and three Cd levels (0,4,and 16 mg/L) under hydroponic conditions.The results show that elevated levels of CO2 increased shoot biomass more,compared to root biomass,but decreased Cd concentrations in all plant tissues.Cd exposure caused toxicity to both Lolium species,as shown by the restrictions of the root morphological parameters including root length,surface area,volume,and tip numbers.These parameters were significantly higher under elevated levels of CO2 than under ambient CO2,especially for the number of fine roots.The increases in magnitudes of those parameters triggered by elevated levels of CO2 under Cd stress were more than those under non-Cd stress,suggesting an ameliorated Cd stress under elevated levels of CO2.The total Cd uptake per pot,calculated on the basis of biomass,was significantly greater under elevated levels of CO2 than under ambient CO2.Ameliorated Cd toxicity,decreased Cd concentration,and altered root morphological traits in both Lolium species under elevated levels of CO2 may have implications in food safety and phytoremediation.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PGE_2 LEVEL IN MOTHERS' MILK AND PHYSIOLOGICAL DIARRHEA OF THE BABY AND THE TREATMENT

Physiological diarrhea of baby during the period of breastfeeding often occures. To investigate the relationship between mother's milk and the physiological diarrhea of baby, we measured the PGE2 levels in milk of 320 lactating women within 4 months of postpartum with radioimmunoassay and the mean value of PGE2 level was 216.8+145.2 ng / L. The PGE2 lev els in mother's milk in the group with diarrhea were 286.5± 142.2 ng / L, that of control group 130.4±76.3 ng / L. The dif ference was obviously significant (P< 0.001). The physiological diarrhea of baby was positively related to the PGE2 level in mother's milk (r=0.75, P<0.01) i.e., the high PGE2 level in mother's milk may be an important cause of diseases. The observation on 102 cases of baby with severe physiological diarrhea showed a higher level of PGE: in the mother's milk. 52 cases of lactating women in the treated group were given indomethacin, and after treatment the PGE2 level in mother's milk decreased obviously, and the diarrhea of baby diasppeared. The effective rate was 96.15%. No side effects were found in both mother and baby.

Photovoltaic Response Characteristics of GaAs Photoconductive Switches Under High Gain Mode

Given is the experiment results in which the laser pulses of 1 046 nm and 532 nm are used to trigger the semi-insulation GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch(PCSS) with an electrode distance of 4 mm. And made is an analysis of the switchs photovoltaic response characteristics under the high gain mode when the biased field is bigger than the Geng effect field. Also a theory is presented that the main reason for the photovoltaic pulse response delay is the transmission of charge domain, caused by the presence of EL2 energy level in the chip material. Finally, the transmission time of charge domain is calculated and a result that inosculates with the experiment is attained.