A novel model for measuring the economics of hydrogen generation via electrolytic water projects was constructed.The model overcomes the current problem of incomplete and inaccurate assessments of the price of produci...A novel model for measuring the economics of hydrogen generation via electrolytic water projects was constructed.The model overcomes the current problem of incomplete and inaccurate assessments of the price of producing hydrogen via water,which are caused by ignoring the indirect carbon costs of different power generation sources in the process of determining the cost of producing hydrogen via water.The model was used to analyze the price of producing hydrogen via water electrolysis and its sensitivity to the electricity costs of hydrogen production and carbon prices in various provinces of China.With the continuing increase in the penetration of novel energy in China’s power system and the gradual decline in electricity prices,the price of producing hydrogen via electrolytic water is expected to be close to or even lower than that of producing hydrogen via coal in the future.Geographical differences also have a significant impact on the price of producing hydrogen,which is typically higher in the southeastern coastal region than in the western region,because of the local price of electricity and the composition of the energy sources.Provinces that have been effective in developing novel energy sources,such as Qinghai,Sichuan,and others,have been effective in the hydrogen energy industry.Sichuan and other provinces with significant new energy development have a clear advantage in the hydrogen industry.Because provinces with low hydrogen production costs can transport hydrogen to provinces with high hydrogen production costs through pipelines,hydrogen pipelines are planned from Shaanxi to Henan and from Xinjiang to Nei Mongol.These study results reveal the relative economic advantages of producing hydrogen via water electrolysis under various energy and electricity price policies and provide new perspectives on China’s energy strategy and the growth of the hydrogen energy sector.展开更多
Hydrogen energy contributes to China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutralization by serving as an important energy carrier.However,the calculation of the cost of hydrogen production by the power grid ignores the curre...Hydrogen energy contributes to China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutralization by serving as an important energy carrier.However,the calculation of the cost of hydrogen production by the power grid ignores the current cost of carbon emissions.To measure the cost of hydrogen-production projects in various provinces more comprehensively and accurately,this study incorporates the carbon-emission cost into the traditional levelized cost of hydrogen model.An analysis of the energy structure of the power supply is conducted in each province of China to calculate carbon-emission costs,which are then subjected to a sensitivity test.Based on the results,the carbon-emission costs for hydrogen in each province are between 0.198 and 1.307 CNY/kg,and the levelized cost of hydrogen based on carbon-emission costs varies from 24.813 to 48.020 CNY/kg;in addition,carbon-emission costs range from 0.61%to 3.4%of the total costs.The results also show that the levelized cost of hydrogen considering carbon-emission costs in the Shanghai municipality specifically is most sensitive to the carbon-emission price,changing by 0.131 CNY/kg for every 10%fluctuation in the carbon-emission price.展开更多
随着“碳达峰、碳中和”战略的推进,氢能的重要性不断提升。在绿氢制备领域,碱性水电解(AWE)-质子交换膜水电解(PEM)复合制氢技术具有很好的应用前景,但是该技术的经济性以往较少受关注。平准化制氢成本(levelized cost of hydrogen,LC...随着“碳达峰、碳中和”战略的推进,氢能的重要性不断提升。在绿氢制备领域,碱性水电解(AWE)-质子交换膜水电解(PEM)复合制氢技术具有很好的应用前景,但是该技术的经济性以往较少受关注。平准化制氢成本(levelized cost of hydrogen,LCOH)是从全生命周期尺度量化水电解制氢经济性的指标。本工作首先建立了制氢系统LCOH模型,并对按4∶1配置AWE和PEM的10000 m3/h复合制氢系统进行了定量分析,最后开展了敏感性分析。结果表明,复合制氢系统LCOH为33.22元/kg,比纯AWE制氢系统高3.31元/kg,其中电费成本占到其全生命周期成本的53.32%。提高PEM比例可有效提高制氢系统对可再生能源波动性的适应程度,但是PEM配置比例对制氢成本的影响较明显。实际项目中应密切关注电解槽设备的成本变化,通过LCOH模型优化PEM配置比例。以33.22元/kg H2为参考目标水平,当PEM电解槽系统价格下降20%和40%时,PEM配置比例可分别提高至27.92%和46.25%。与常规水电解制氢系统类似的是,控制电价对提高复合制氢技术经济性非常关键,电价下降0.01元/kWh可带来制氢系统LCOH约0.45元/kg H2的降幅。对于当前的配置比例,在采购预算有限的前提下建议优先考虑提升AWE电解槽系统的制氢电耗指标。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFE0102400)the Long-term Research Projects of EPRI(JS83-22-001).
文摘A novel model for measuring the economics of hydrogen generation via electrolytic water projects was constructed.The model overcomes the current problem of incomplete and inaccurate assessments of the price of producing hydrogen via water,which are caused by ignoring the indirect carbon costs of different power generation sources in the process of determining the cost of producing hydrogen via water.The model was used to analyze the price of producing hydrogen via water electrolysis and its sensitivity to the electricity costs of hydrogen production and carbon prices in various provinces of China.With the continuing increase in the penetration of novel energy in China’s power system and the gradual decline in electricity prices,the price of producing hydrogen via electrolytic water is expected to be close to or even lower than that of producing hydrogen via coal in the future.Geographical differences also have a significant impact on the price of producing hydrogen,which is typically higher in the southeastern coastal region than in the western region,because of the local price of electricity and the composition of the energy sources.Provinces that have been effective in developing novel energy sources,such as Qinghai,Sichuan,and others,have been effective in the hydrogen energy industry.Sichuan and other provinces with significant new energy development have a clear advantage in the hydrogen industry.Because provinces with low hydrogen production costs can transport hydrogen to provinces with high hydrogen production costs through pipelines,hydrogen pipelines are planned from Shaanxi to Henan and from Xinjiang to Nei Mongol.These study results reveal the relative economic advantages of producing hydrogen via water electrolysis under various energy and electricity price policies and provide new perspectives on China’s energy strategy and the growth of the hydrogen energy sector.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (2021YFB4000101)the Social Science Foundation of Beijing (22JCC092)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2021MS022,2021PT013)North China Electric Power University Interdisciplinary Innovation Special Project.
文摘Hydrogen energy contributes to China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutralization by serving as an important energy carrier.However,the calculation of the cost of hydrogen production by the power grid ignores the current cost of carbon emissions.To measure the cost of hydrogen-production projects in various provinces more comprehensively and accurately,this study incorporates the carbon-emission cost into the traditional levelized cost of hydrogen model.An analysis of the energy structure of the power supply is conducted in each province of China to calculate carbon-emission costs,which are then subjected to a sensitivity test.Based on the results,the carbon-emission costs for hydrogen in each province are between 0.198 and 1.307 CNY/kg,and the levelized cost of hydrogen based on carbon-emission costs varies from 24.813 to 48.020 CNY/kg;in addition,carbon-emission costs range from 0.61%to 3.4%of the total costs.The results also show that the levelized cost of hydrogen considering carbon-emission costs in the Shanghai municipality specifically is most sensitive to the carbon-emission price,changing by 0.131 CNY/kg for every 10%fluctuation in the carbon-emission price.
