“liberal arts”的源与流——古今之变中的审视

“古今之变”是审视liberal arts流变的中心线索。古典liberal arts是具有内在统一性并指向完满品格的整全性知识体系。欧洲三次文艺复兴对liberal arts的再造展现了其历史流变中的不变逻辑,即为特定时代的受教育者提供共同价值。德国古典大学赋予了liberal arts在古典意义上的完美形态,而新人文主义的自我塑造观念孕育了博雅教育的现代转向。科学革命终结了古典学术的内在统一性与道德理想,瓦解了古典liberal arts。美国现代大学则借助古典资源,经由三次改革浪潮重建了liberal arts。然而,古典教育凝聚文明精华的共同价值、塑造意义与学术整合力量,同现代科学的智识自由、价值分殊与学科分化特性相冲突,这是古今之变为现代大学再造liberal arts所深植的困境,liberal arts只能在钟摆的两端之间不断权衡。

Pathways to Enhance New Quality Productivity in New Liberal Arts Education Through Artificial Intelligence

This paper explores the pathways through which artificial intelligence(AI)enhances new quality productivity in new liberal arts education.By analyzing the role of AI in personalized learning,interdisciplinary integration,and the application of virtual reality/augmented reality technologies,it reveals how AI technology promotes the development of students’innovative capabilities and productivity in the context of new liberal arts education.The study shows that AI is not only a technical tool but also a driving force for transforming educational models and fostering knowledge innovation.Further exploration of the deep integration of AI and new liberal arts education is necessary to promote comprehensive social progress.

英文“liberal arts”真的等于“文科”或“人文学科”吗?——兼论翻译中的词汇空缺现象

伴随古希腊哲学思想兴起的liberal arts,体现了古希腊人对“普遍理解”的追求,经古罗马、文艺复兴及近世以降之经年累月发展,此概念之内在含义已然超越单纯之“文科”或“人文学科”的范畴,涵盖更广泛的学科领域。Liberal arts旨在培养学生广泛的知识和技能,包括批判性思维、沟通技巧、文化理解和全球意识等,从而使他们成为具有丰富知识和广泛兴趣的人。纵观liberal arts的发展,不宜将其简单翻译为“文科”或“人文学科”,可根据不同语境将其译为“通识教育”“博雅教育”,乃至“文理教育”。

An Exploration of Higher Vocational English Teachers’Professional Development on Students’Learning Ability in the Context of New Liberal Arts

The concept of New Liberal Arts,a multidisciplinary combined integrator with Chinese values at its core,has brought new challenges to the teaching methods and professional development of higher-level English teachers.Based on the evolving professional development process of higher vocational English teachers in the context of the New Liberal Arts,this article analyzes how English teachers can integrate multidisciplinary knowledge and adopt advanced educational technology in the teaching process.On this basis,it discusses the role of teachers’professional development in enhancing students’learning ability,such as through deepening disciplinary understanding,adopting innovative teaching strategies,and implementing personalized teaching.At the end of the article,based on a variety of pedagogical theories,we put forward suggestions,including continuous professional training,interdisciplinary cooperation,and the application of innovative teaching techniques,which are mainly aimed at helping higher vocational English teachers get rid of the dilemma of the new situation,adapt to the needs of the new liberal arts education as soon as possible,and then effectively improve students’abilities.

Research on Online-Offline Hybrid Teaching Mode of College English in the Context of New Liberal Arts

English is an important course in colleges,and students’proficiency in the language can significantly affect their learning in multiple disciplines.At present,offline classroom teaching is still the primary mode of college English teaching,and online teaching has not been widely used.Under the background of new liberal arts,the teaching tasks and objectives of college English have changed,and it is imperative to carry out online-offline hybrid teaching mode.This paper analyzes the feasibility of the online-offline hybrid teaching mode of college English,summarizes its problems,and explores its implementation strategies in the context of the new liberal arts,to provide references for teachers.

Teaching Reform and Practice of Finance under the Background of New Liberal Arts

Under the background of new liberal arts,the problems existing in the teaching process of Finance were re-examined.For instance,the setting of teaching objectives does not meet the requirements of construction of new liberal arts,and teaching content emphasizes theory;teaching method is single,and teaching assessment is not reasonable.It is proposed that the curriculum reform should be carried out from five dimensions:teaching objective,teaching content,teaching method,practice system and teaching evaluation,so as to meet the requirements of construction of new liberal arts.

The Pathologies of Modernity:Liberalism,Nihilism,Conservatism,Postmodernism,Intersectionality/Identity Politics,and Secular Humanism

In this article,Mocombe highlights what he calls the pathological-pathogenic purposive-rationalities(liberalism,nihilism,conservatism,postmodernism,intersectionality/identity politics,and secular humanism)that emerge out of modernity as constituted by the West under American hegemony.In the place of these pathological-pathogenic responses to the vagaries of modernity,Mocombe calls for an antihumanism,associated with what he calls libertarian communism,as a panacea to the aforementioned malaises.

Research and Practice of Integrating Ideological and Political Education Into Liberal Arts Mathematics Teaching

This paper first analyses the reasons for the low effectiveness of ideological and political education in current liberal arts mathematics teaching,then puts forward the contents,methods,and approaches of integrating ideological and political education into liberal arts mathematics teaching,and finally finds out the matters needing attention of integrating ideological and political education into liberal arts mathematics teaching.

National Revival and Workers Liberation in the Polish Issue-The Differences Between Marx and Engels and Proudhonists During the First International

In the international communist movement in the 19th century,the national uprising in Europe and the workers’movement were intertwined,forming a complex historical background.The Polish National Uprising in 1863 became a historical opportunity for the establishment of the First International.Although the unity of the British workers and the French workers was the realistic basis of the First International,the French workers showed a vague attitude different from the British workers on the Polish issue.In the first Congress of the First International,the French workers who almost are Proudhonists rejected the issue of supporting the Polish nation against the Tsar Russian oppression.Pierre-Joseph Proudhon did not link the Polish issue with the workers’movement,while he insisted that social and economic issues should not be confused with political reconstruction,and artificially separated national revival from workers’liberation.In order to promote and assist the establishment of the First International,Marx made certain consideration and concessions on national issues in the formulation of its declaration and constitution.Then Engels,commissioned by Marx,made some specific interpretations that they based on the difference between nation and nationality,and adhere it to the international national principle,both clearly shows the Marxism view of nation state,reveals the risk if international communist movement limited to the principle of nationalities,and also further reveals the importance to combine two great cause,national revival and workers liberation.

Why Political Liberation Is Not the Real Human Liberation

Marx’s"Jewish Issue"is an issue of relationship between political liberation and human liberation.Marx believed that rather than presupposing the abolition of religion and universal human liberation,political liberation is only a historical stage of human liberation,,even though with important historical progressive value. Around this theme,Marx went beyond the perspective of religious criticism and gave priority to the analysis of the modern political state in the field of civil society,lightening the limits of political liberation and the path of human liberation.

The Root Cause of the Failure of American COVID-19 Governance Based on the Criticism of Liberal Democracy From Error-Tolerant Democracy

Liberal democracy cannot help America govern COVID-19 effectively for liberalism’s misunderstanding of the concept of liberty.Error-tolerantism divides liberty into the right to liberty in innovative fields,the right to be wrong as an original right,and the right to be right in non-innovative ones as sub-rights;rights come from mutual empowerment among people.The major defects of liberal democracy from the perspective of error-tolerant democracy constructed on error-tolerantism are as follows:The essence of election is to transfer people’s right to be wrong and corresponding right to be right to politicians,but the separation and balance of powers does not evaluate whether presidents,states,mayors,et al.,have exercised the power to be wrong reasonably,so that they could even abuse it in the COVID-19 governance,and did great harm to people’s human rights without any accountability or impeachment.Democratic governor’power to be wrong authorized by election was deprived by President Trump through issuing false information in the COVID-19 governance and encouraging people to protest against the anti-pandemic laws,which made liberal democracy in the United States threatened and COVID-19 out of control.

A Prerequisite for the Successful Governance of COVID-19 in the United States:Expansion of Liberal Democracy From Politics to Economy

The failure of COVID-19 governance in the United States of America is closely related to its economic inequality.According to the theory of error-tolerant democracy,after reflecting on the American financial crisis of 2008,liberty should be redefined from mutual empowerment under the background of regulation,which means that rights to liberty of entrepreneurs and financial capitalists in the public economy are empowered by the people,so they should empower and benefit the people,corresponding to regulation and redistribution respectively.During the COVID-19 pandemic,empowering and benefiting the people regarded as economic democracy has not been realized for neoliberal policies,leading to insufficient public funds to help citizens badly hurt by the disease.To restore the U.S.as the beacon of democracy,it should undertake the historical mission:expansion of liberal democracy from politics to economy so as to reduce unreasonable economic inequality and protect rights to life of more infected Americans.

Beyond Liberal Peacebuilding： A Critique of Liberal Peacebuilding and Exploring a Postmodern Post-liberal Hybrid Model of Peacebuilding

One of the pressing problems with contemporary peacebuilding research is that much of the analysis focuses on thepractical and technical challenges while paying little attention to the philosophical assumptions of those operations.Any understanding of peacebuilding is underpinned by philosophical frameworks as they shape and orient ustowards particular strategies for peacebuilding. This paper makes a philosophical critique of liberal peacebuilding（the mainstream peacebuilding） and explores a postmodern post-liberal hybrid peacebuilding. The analysis claimsneither the categorical rejection of liberal peacebuilding nor the exclusive reliance on locally-orientedpeacebuilding. Rather, the upshot is the need for deconstructing dualistic view of either liberal peacebuilding orlocally-oriented peacebuilding so that both external liberal actors and local actors engage in jointly learning andmutually transformative process wherein both liberal international actors and local actors look beyond peaceconstructed around their narrow and restricted conception and framework to create the meanings of peace that caninterconnect the global and the local.

Internationalization of Higher Education in OECD Countries in Economic Liberalization

Taking the four approaches to internationalization of education as the departure point,the paper analyzes internationalization of higher education in OECD countries.

Toward a Security Community in Asia? The Limits of Constructivism, Developmental Statism, Liberalism, and Realism

This article asks whether a regional security community has emerged in Asia with the potential to grow mature and seeks to make a contribution to the ongoing debate on this controversial topic.It advances the argument that states in this broad region are far from being able to develop a security community for reasons different from those provided by political realists,developmental statists,liberals,and constructivists(social,discursive,and emancipationist).The role of Association of Southeast Asia(ASEAN)and that of China provide excellent test cases for the theoretical proposition that the building of a successful regional security community requires at least two necessary conditions:liberal democracy and regional democratic leadership,which remain absent in Asia.

The Opportunity and Challenge of the Development of Artificial Intelligence to Human Labor Liberation

With the development and application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,it has promoted the upgrading and development of the industry.However,AI also brings intangible impact to the actual survival of human beings.Stephen·Hawking,the renowned physicist,has repeatedly warned,making it all the more urgent to reflect on the negative effects of artificial intelligence.Therefore,the review of AI should consider from the perspective of historical development,scientifically explain its changes in the way of human labor and social life,as well as the great significance of such changes to the liberation of human labor.

Confucian Liberalism:Convergence Between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Chinese Traditional Culture

As early as the 18th century,Confucian liberalism of considering others in one s own place was integrated into the provisions of freedom of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.In 1948,the Confucian idea of benevolence and other liberalism had an important influence on the drafting and content of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.The fulcrum of Confucian liberalism is self-discipline based on benevolence.The code of conduct created by Confucianism of"What you do not want done to yourself,do not do to others"has the social effect of safeguarding people’s negative freedom;the code of conduct of"while establishing himself and pursuing success,also works to establish others and enable them to succeed as well"has the social effect of safeguarding people s positive freedom.Confucian liberalism is social-oriented,which adheres to the unity of everyone’s freedom with the freedom of others,and the idea that individual freedom lies in the overall freedom of the social community.It is based on the conscience(benevolence)of the way of considering others in one’s own place and the practical path from the obligation to rights and freedoms are prominent features of traditional Chinese culture.It is consistent with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights’provision that everyone has duties to the community,and is similar to Marx’s philosophy that"the free development of every human being is the condition of the free development of all human beings",and is a unique system of liberal discourse that is different from Western liberalism.

Liberation characteristics of coal middlings comminuted by jaw crusher and ball mill

The associated minerals make coal middlings possess a relatively high ash content.Subsequent liberation through size reduction can cause recovery increase.However,effect of comminution facilities on mineral liberation of middlings was ignored.This paper studied the liberation characteristics of middlings crushed with different kinds of fragmentation forces.Middlings of 3 mm+0.5 mm sampled from a dense medium cyclone were comminuted by a jaw crusher and a ball mill to 0.5 mm with similar size distribution respectively.The generating mechanism of fnes was also analyzed.Full densimetric analyses indicate that mineral liberation of the product crushed by the jaw crusher is better than that by the ball mill at each fraction.For sizes of 0.125 mm+0.074 mm and 0.074 mm,yields of the product with ash content 11%comminuted by jaw crusher are nearly 20%higher than that by the ball mill.Sectional micrographs observed by the scanning electron microscopy(SEM)also show the same law for these two fractions and some intergrowth particles still exist in the fraction of 0.5 mm+0.25 mm.

澄清被混用的“新自由主义”——兼谈对New Liberalism和Neo-Liberalism的翻译

在英文中,New Liberalism和Neo-Liberalism代表两个有着截然不同的主张和诉求的思想流派,且本来分属政治哲学和经济学两个不同的学科语境。由于它们都被翻译成“新自由主义”,当前国内学术界普遍在批判Neo-Liberalism时,导致批判本身的错位和人们对New Liberalism的很大误解。将New Liberalism译为“新自由主义”,Neo-Liberalism统一译为“‘新’自由主义”或“新古典自由主义”有利于正本清源,促进学术对话。

Effects of the continuous cooling process conditions on the crystallization and liberation characteristics of anosovite in Ti-bearing titanomagnetite smelting slag

This study involved the investigation of the effects of the continuous cooling process conditions on the crystallization and liberation characteristics of anosovite in Ti-bearing titanomagnetite smelting slag. The samples were heated until melting and then the temperature was held at 1650℃ for nearly 0.5 h;subsequently, the samples were cooled at different cooling rates to different temperatures and water-quenched after being held for different times at these temperatures. Last, the obtained crystallized samples were used to analyze the crystallization and liberation characteristics. It was found that, during the continuous cooling process, anosovite particles were found to initially precipitate in the slag at a relatively high crystallization temperature, showing the characteristics of euhedral crystal. The precipitation and growth of anosovite grain is strong and the morphology of anosovite was basically not affected by the continuous cooling conditions. From the morphology perspective, the formed anosovite is an excellent Ti-rich phase to be selective separated. The formation of spinel and diopside is negative for the liberation and selective separation of the anosovite phase. The crystallization diagrams of TiO2-MgO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO slag undergoing different continuous cooling processes were constructed to help to determine the optimal continuous cooling–quenching condition for selective separation of anosovite. Moreover, the addition of B2O3 can enlarge the range of the optimal continuous cooling–quenching conditions for selective separation of anosovite.