LIDS:一种基于Linux内核的入侵检测系统

LIDS是一种基于Linux内核的入侵检测系统。文章简单介绍了入侵检测系统,详细介绍了LIDS的概念、主要功能及其原理。

谢华刚和他的LIDS

Linux——全球最大的自由软件项目，它以免费发布和源代码开放(Open source)而吸引了全世界数以万计的程序员和开发者。到目前为止。Linux已经正式发布到了2．4版本。每天。都有大量的开发人员加入到Linux的开发队伍中。为她深深的着迷……。本文的主人公一谢华刚，就是这样的一个Linux“安全”追随者！

LIDS问答

当我们准备把安装了一种Linux发行版本的机器放到Internet上时，就应开始考虑用一种什么样的安全策略来保护我们的Linux机器，其中重要的一点就是如何构建Linux下的入侵检测系统，这样我们就可以全面监控保护我们的机器了。

构建Linux下的LIDS

Linux Intrusion Detection System，简称LIDS，是一种基于Linux内核补丁模式的入侵检测系统，也是一种基于主机的入侵检测系统。把它集成在Linux内核中，可以进一步加强Linux内核的安全性。

美国陆军M-LIDS ins.3反无人机系统样车

M-LIDS系统全称为“机动低便小防御系统。”该系统当前由菜昂纳多集团抓总研制,采用TPQ-50雷达为主传感器,并配有完整雷光电声传感器体系。其硬杀伤武器主要包括30毫米机炮与“郊狼”巡飞拦截器。当前美国陆军正在叙利亚试验该型设备。搭载在反伏击车上时传感器与杀伤器分车搭载,在图中的斯特赖克装甲车上集中搭载。

LID设施布局对城市径流与污染负荷影响评估

关于低影响开发(LID)空间布局对水量水质控制效果影响的研究较为缺乏。针对上述问题,以郑州市中原区为对象,基于SWMM模型原理构建布设LID设施的研究区城市水量水质模型。所提模型依据城市综合径流系数的经验值以及研究区实际情况,将中原区划分为城市建筑高、中、低密集区,并在研究区高、中、低密集子汇水区布设不同比例的LID设施(S1~S5),计算不同雨量级别下不同空间格局下的LID设施对水量水质的控制效果。结果表明:随着雨量级别的增大,LID方案的径流总量削减率、峰值流量削减率和TSS负荷削减率不断减小。在降雨级别为暴雨、大雨和中雨时,在高、中、低密集子汇水区布设占比分别为35%、35%和30%的LID方案(S5),其径流总量削减率超过80%,峰值流量削减率超过70%,且TSS负荷削减率超过50%。从各事件下水量与水质综合指标评估来看,该方案表现最佳。

基于遗传算法的LID设施优化布设

在系统化全域推进海绵城市建设的背景下,低影响开发设施布设对城市雨洪过程具有重要影响。以江苏省宜兴市区为研究对象基于暴雨洪水管理模型SWMM建立研究区雨洪模型,考虑以径流总量削减率、悬浮物负荷削减率、生命周期成本、低影响开发设施占地面积建立综合目标函数,通过权重调整目标参数的优先级,运用遗传算法求解得到不同情景下低影响开发设施的最佳布设方案。结果表明:①在同等权重条件下,生命周期成本对优化计算的影响远大于面积,径流总量削减率与悬浮物负荷削减率影响较小;②位于管道上游的小面积汇水区内低影响开发设施的优化布设易受降雨重现期影响。研究成果可为海绵城市建设中低影响开发设施的优化布设及城市内涝防治研究提供参考。

低影响开发设施组合下的城市雨洪调控情景模拟研究

【目的】低影响开发(Low Impact Development,LID)作为一种新型雨洪管理方法,包括绿色屋顶、雨水花园、透水铺装等典型措施,对降雨径流有明显的控制作用,能够有效降低城市内涝隐患。【方法】以浙江省海宁市为例,基于暴雨洪水管理模型(Storm Water Management Model,SWMM),模拟不同重现期(1 a、5 a、10 a、30 a、50 a)、不同布设比例(20%,50%,100%)LID组合措施情景下的城市内涝过程,分析海宁市溢流分布情况、程度及其原因,探讨溢流区域LID组合措施对节点溢流、地表径流以及管网负载的影响。【结果】结果表明:在不同设计降雨情景下联合路、海昌路、水月亭西路、西山路以及隆兴港等地管网溢流较为严重;LID组合措施布设比例相同时,随着重现期的增加,LID组合措施对地表径流和节点溢流的削弱作用呈下降趋势,LID措施的作用趋于饱和状态;重现期为30 a和50 a、布设比例为50%时,地表径流的削减为45.92%和44.09%。【结论】LID组合措施对雨洪的控制作用有限,降雨强度对节点溢流、地表径流起主导作用。海宁市部分老旧小区管道年份较长,管径较短,管网溢流情况严峻,建议重点关注区域管网改造和LID措施空间布局。研究成果对于海绵城市建设规划、缓解城市内涝灾害具有一定参考价值。

基于GWO-PSO算法的小尺度地区LID布设优化模型研究

【目的】海绵城市通过低影响开发(LID)雨水系统来降低降雨相关灾害的影响,合理的LID布设方案是开发效果的决定性因素。【方法】通过耦合暴雨洪水管理模型(SWMM)和灰狼粒子群算法(GWO-PSO),建立了小尺度地区LID优化布设模型。GWO-PSO算法中粒子进行了基于社会等级制度的位置策略调整,以此得到更好地寻优性能。模型依据排放口流量,完成参数自动率定,并以洪峰流量为目标,经济成本为约束,求解雨水花园、生物网格、绿色屋顶和透水铺装四种包含相互独立与制约关系的LID设施的优化布设方案。【结果】将该模型应用于某试点小区,在预算182万元的情况下,得到5 a、10 a、20 a和50 a重现期下的布设方案,洪峰削减率分别为61.5%、53.2%、42.4%和31.1%。【结论】结果表明:在小尺度地区进行LID建设时,需要考虑子汇水区面积的影响;对于道路汇水区,需要联系地理位置布设;在低重现期下,各LID设施调控效果均较好,而在高重现期下,绿色屋顶的承受能力最强,且需要更多预算进行削峰。

基于SWMM模型与NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化的LID布局研究

科学的海绵城市设计方案能够在一定程度上缓解由极端暴雨引发的城市内涝。以北京市海淀区老旧小区为研究对象,将雨洪管理模型(SWMM)与非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)相结合,以建设成本费用、总径流削减率以及节点超载时间为优化目标,以各项低影响开发措施(LID)按比例布置的最大面积为约束条件,迭代筛选出Pareto最优曲线,通过分析不同LID措施组合在老旧小区中的雨水排放效率,提出有效的规划建议。研究结果表明:对于单项LID的布置方案,同比例下透水铺装的径流控制效果优于绿色屋顶;LID组合的径流控制效果与建设成本呈正相关,但总径流削减率增长幅度有限,高成本的建设方案并不能达到更优的削减效果,节点超载时间不会持续下降;降雨重现期为10 a时(P=10),该小区LID布局最佳组合为37.12%绿色屋顶+17.7%下沉式绿地+7组雨水罐+9.47%透水铺装。在强降雨条件下耦合SWMM与NSGA-Ⅱ智能算法的多目标优化模型能够为类似社区LID布局设计提供参考。

基于暴雨管理模型的长江流域丘陵城镇面源污染控制方案效果评估

随着我国长江流域城镇工业源和生活源污染控制的持续加强,面源污染贡献率明显增加,利用相关技术组合有效控制城镇面源负荷,已经成为长江流域城镇控制污染负荷和提升水体生态环境质量的主要内容。为探讨面源污染控制技术设施对长江流域丘陵地区城镇降雨径流降污减量的效果,以重庆市永川区新城区内某区域作为研究对象进行汇水区概化,并对其构建暴雨管理模型(SWMM)和进行参数确定及验证,采用该模型模拟透水铺装、绿色屋顶、雨水花园和下凹式绿地4种单项技术设施方案及其9种组合设施方案对研究区域降雨径流总量及污染物(包括SS、COD、TN、NH_(3)-N和TP)负荷削减情况;并采用基于群决策的层次分析法,从效益-经济-技术3个角度综合评估各种组合控制方案对降雨径流水量水质控制效果。结果表明:所构建的研究区SWMM模型的水文、水力参数率定结果误差小于1%,水质参数率定结果纳什效率系数均在0.7以上且误差平方均值(B%MSSE指数)接近于0,实现了模型参数本土化;在各降雨重现期下,4种单项技术设施方案中透水铺装对径流量和污染物负荷控制效果最优;基于效益-经济-技术3个角度综合评估组合方案,确定方案P7为研究区域面源污染削减最佳组合方案,即布设面积比例为35%透水铺装、30%绿色屋顶、7%雨水花园和30%下凹式绿地,其径流总量削减率达到29.4%,SS、COD、TN、NH_(3)-N和TP负荷削减率分别达到36.2%、35.1%、35.1%、30.6%和32.2%。

基于多目标进化算法和SWMM的LID设施空间布局优化研究

针对传统算法无法满足低影响开发(LID)设施空间布局优化模型求解的性能要求的问题,以重庆秀山海绵城市建设区为研究区,基于MATLAB软件的platEMO4.0平台,对比分析了NSGA-Ⅱ、NSGA-Ⅲ、MOEAD、PICEA-g、MOEAPSL、CCMO与CAMOEA7种多目标进化算法对LID设施空间布局优化问题的求解结果与性能评价指标,并提出最佳方案。结果表明:新算法大部分性能指标优于传统算法,其中CCMO算法的多样性与收敛性最佳,而MOEAPSL算法的求解速度最快,搜索能力最强,且最优解数量最多;采用CCMO和MOEAPSL算法可获得研究区不同降雨重现期下的Pareto近似前沿,即LID设施空间布局的最优解集;以径流削减为控制目标的最佳方案在降雨重现期为5~100 a时径流总量控制率为67.23%~76.70%,洪峰流量削减率为66.42%~77.86%,LID单位面积建设成本为203.90~245.23元/m 2。

Fat management in upper blepharoplasty:Addition or subtraction blepharoplasties,how and when

BACKGROUND As one of the most common aesthetic surgical procedures carried out today,blepharoplasty should be in the repertoire of every plastic surgeon.The term blepharoplasty encompasses a wide range of techniques and options that must be tailored to the specific defect and patient one has to treat.A sound knowledge of the upper and lower eyelids’anatomy is essential for proper surgical execution.Trends have shifted towards more conservative methods(especially of the fat compartment)and sometimes in combination with augmentation techniques,helping to reach a rejuvenated appearance.AIM To present an overview of the surgical techniques considered for upper lid blepharoplasty and fat pad management,in addition to information on how a surgeon may approach the best treatment for his patient based on current publications in literature.METHODS We searched the literature published between 2013,to 2023 using Medline and Reference Citation Analysis.The database was searched using the keywords“upper blepharoplasty”AND“fat”.Papers without full text/abstracts and reviews were excluded.The search strategy followed the PRISMA.The American Society of Plastic Surgeons guidelines for Therapeutic Studies checklist was used to assess all articles.Two authors individually reviewed each article and rated them for importance and relevance to the topic.A consensus was sought and the most relevant studies.RESULTS After the application of the selection criteria used in our review,13 publications were found to address upper lid blepharoplasty specifically.Three of these studies were reviews and three were retrospective studies.Five publications were comparative studies and a further two were clinical trials.CONCLUSION The tendency of modern surgery is to be conservative,by removing adipose tissue only if strictly necessary and restoring the volume of the upper eyelid in a concept of beauty that espouses a"full"sight.There is no gold standard technique to achieve younger and enhanced eyelids.Long-term prospective comparative studies are fundamental in understanding which path is the best to follow.

基于SWMM模型的低影响开发设施雨洪控制效果分析——以南昌工程学院瑶湖校区为例

随着城市化的快速发展,城市内涝问题日益严重。为解决城市内涝问题,以南昌工程学院瑶湖校区为研究区域,利用SWMM(Storm Water Management Model)构建了暴雨洪水管理模型,并加入低影响开发设施(Low Impact Development,LID),分析在LID设施建设前后,不同重现期暴雨情况下LID设施对研究区域降雨径流的控制效果,为海绵校园的建设提供科学依据和参考。结果表明:(1)研究区域内SWMM模型雨洪模拟的结果在参数调整后与实际情况比较吻合,表现出较好的适用性;(2)LID设施对降雨径流有较好的控制效果;(3)LID设施建设后对研究区域排水口峰值流量有较好的削减效果,随着暴雨重现期的减小,削减率基本维持不变,对排水口峰现时刻延迟效果增强;(4)LID设施建设后对研究区域内各子汇水区峰现时刻的径流量减少了约0.02 m^(3)/s,学生宿舍、图书馆等降雨径流较大的区域峰现时刻的径流量可降低至0.05 m^(3)/s左右,减小了降雨径流对师生出行的影响。

传统理水智慧对海绵城市建设的启示与运用--以朗清园居住区LID系统设计为例

对我国造园专著《园冶》中的理水手法进行研究,总结出“疏源之去由,察水之来历”的理水智慧,分析调查现实案例颐和园的水系统情况,论述这一理水智慧的有效性与指导意义。将其运用到新建居住区朗清园LID系统规划设计中,结合现代技术与经验,构建以传统理水手法为基础,科学完整的住区LID系统。

Standardization of meibomian gland dysfunction in an Egyptian population sample using a non-contact meibography technique

AIM:To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)parameters,using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici(CSO)machine,in an Egyptian population sample.METHODS:Observational,cross-sectional,analytic study,in which 104 Egyptian volunteers were included.Both upper lids were examined,using“Sirius CSO”machine.Each eyelid was given a degree of meibomian gland loss(MGL),which was calculated by the software of the machine.RESULTS:Mean percentage MGL in right upper lid was of 30.9%±12.6%,and that of left upper lid was 32.6%±11.8%.Thirty-four volunteers(32.7%)had first-degree MGL in their right upper lid,and 67.3%had second-degree loss.One volunteer(1%)had zero-degree MGL in left upper lid,28(26.9%)had first-degree loss,and 75(72.1%)had second-degree loss.Degree of MGL in right upper eyelid was not related to age,but degree of MGL in left upper eyelid increased with age.There was statistically significant difference between both genders for degree of MGL in right eye(P=0.036)and in left eye(P=0.027).CONCLUSION:Noncontact meibography is a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing MGL.MGL is diagnosed in 100%of apparently normal individuals;26.9%-32.7%of which have first-degree MGL,and 67.3%-72.1%have second-degree MGL.

Significance of including lid thickness and particle shape factor in numerical modeling for prediction of particle trap efficiency of invert trap

Sediment accumulation on the bed of open sewers and drains reduces hydraulic efficiency and can cause localized flooding.Slotted invert traps installed underneath the bed of open sewers and drains can eliminate sediment build-up by catching sediment load.Previous three-dimensional(3D)computational studies have examined the particle trapping performance of invert traps of different shapes and depths under varied sediment and flow conditions,considering particles as spheres.For two-dimensional and 3D numerical modeling,researchers assumed the lid geometry to be a thin line and a plane,respectively.In this 3D numerical study,the particle trapping efficiency of a slotted irregular hexagonal invert trap fitted at the flume bottom was examined by incorporating the particle shape factor of non-spherical sewage solid particles and the thicknesses of upstream and downstream lids over the trap in the discrete phase model of the ANSYS Fluent 2020 R1 software.The volume of fluid(VOF)and the realizable k-turbulence models were used to predict the velocity field.The two-dimensional particle image velocimetry(PIV)was used to measure the velocity field inside the invert trap.The results showed that the thicknesses of upstream and downstream lids affected the velocity field and turbulent kinetic energy at all flow depths.The joint impact of the particle shape factor and lid thickness on the trap efficiency was significant.When both the lid thickness and particle shape factor were considered in the numerical modeling,trap efficiencies were underestimated,with relative errors of-8.66%to-0.65%in comparison to the experimental values of Mohsin and Kaushal(2017).They were also lower than the values predicted by Mohsin and Kaushal(2017),which showed an overall overestimation with errors of-2.3%to 17.4%.

Assessment of tear film parameters post-treatment with commercial eyelid cleaning wipes:a pilot study

AIM:To investigate the short-term effects of commercially available eyelid-cleaning wipes on film parameters.METHODS:This study enrolled 48 healthy participants aged 20-35y(both males and females).Clinical assessment included the Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)questionnaire,non-invasive tear break-up time(NITBUT),tear meniscus height(TMH),and lipid layer pattern(LLP).Based on these initial results,participants were categorized as either non-dry eye or dry eye.Participants in each group were randomly allocated to either Blephaclean■or Systane■treatments.Changes in NITBUT,TMH,and LLP levels before and after lid wipe treatment were assessed.RESULTS:The dry eye group exhibited significantly higher OSDI scores and lower NITBUT and TMH levels than in the non-dry eye group(P<0.001).Following the application of eyelid wipes(Systane■wipes),dry eye subjects experienced a significant improvement in NITBUT levels(P=0.0014)compared to the non-dry eye individuals.Although the remaining participants showed a marginal increase in TMH and NITBUT levels,these changes did not achieve statistical significance(P>0.05).Similarly,the LLP levels were significantly improved with Systane■(P<0.001)post-treatment compared to individuals in the non-dry eye group.However,the dry eye subjects showed higher posttreatment LLP levels than the untreated group(P<0.02).CONCLUSION:The short-term effects of Systane®eyelid wipes on tear film parameters suggest their effectiveness in dry eye disease.Nonetheless,further exploration of their long-term impact is essential to justify their cost effectiveness and efficacy in treating both aqueous deficiency and evaporative dryness.

Insights into upper blepharoplasty: Conservative volume-preserving techniques

This editorial commentary critically examines the systematic review by Miotti et al,which discusses the evolving trends in upper lid blepharoplasty towards a conservative,volume-preserving approach.The review emphasizes the shift from traditional tissue resection to techniques that maintain anatomical integrity,paralleling broader trends in panfacial rejuvenation.Miotti et al delve into the nuances of fat pad management,advocating for conservation over reduction to sustain natural contours and improve long-term aesthetic outcomes.This perspective is supported by comparative studies and empirical data,such as those from Massry and Alghoul et al,highlighting the benefits of conservative approaches in terms of patient satisfaction and aesthetic longevity.The review also stresses the importance of surgeon discretion in adapting procedures to diverse patient demographics,particularly in addressing distinct features such as the Asian upper eyelid.However,it identifies a significant gap in long-term comparative research,underscoring the need for future studies to substantiate the safety and efficacy of these minimalist techniques.Overall,Miotti et al.'s work contributes profoundly to the discourse on personalized,conservative cosmetic surgery,urging ongoing research to refine and validate surgical best practices in upper eyelid blepharoplasty.

海绵城市理念下透水铺装生态功能浅析

透水铺装作为LID技术系统的源头控制措施之一,具备降低城市内涝风险、缓减城市热岛效应、改善道路周边声环境、削减径流污染等多种生态功能。分析了透水铺装四项主要生态功能的基本原理、影响因素、应用效果等,并提出了透水铺装未来的主要研究与发展方向。以期为后续透水铺装在生态环保方面的研究与设计提供一定借鉴和参考。