Improvement of the Life Cycle Costing Method in DesignStage Using KBIMS Library

With the advent of the fourth industrial revolution,the construction industry has undergone a paradigm shift.The smart construction technology market is expected to grow 12%annually in developed countries due to advanced technology investments.It is expected that businesses requiring highly sophisticated technology,for instance companies that need their old facilities upgraded,will become the main focus of the market.As building information modeling(BIM)design is becoming mandatory,such as in the Korea Public Procurement Service,researches regarding building automation,construction,and operation integration management systems based on BIM are conducted.In addition,for construction projects of over 10 billion won,design value engineering(Design VE)implementation,including life cycle cost(LCC)analysis,is mandatory at the design stage to improve quality and reduce the lifetime costs of buildings.In this study,we propose an improvement plan for LCC analysis at the design stage using the KBIMS library,which is an open BIM library developed by the Korean government and research groups.We analyze the existing LCC method,KBIMS library,and attribute information,and model the process that is applied in the LCC analysis system.This is expected to complement the LCC analysis system and improve work productivity.

The Use of Life Cycle Management Principles in Biosystems Engineering： A Pragmatic Approach to Solving Agri-industrial Sustainability Problems

LCM （life cycle management） is a systematic approach, mindset and culture that considers economic, social, and environmental factors among other factors in the decision making process throughout various business or organizational decisions that affect both inputs and outputs of a product or service life cycle. It is a product, process, or activity management system aimed at minimizing environmental and socio-economic burdens associated with an organization＇s product or process during its entire life cycle and value chain. LCM＇s application is gaining wider acceptance both in the corporate and governmental organizations as an approach to reduce ecological footprints and to improve the sustainability of human activities. But where and how can it be used in agricultural engineering applications？ This study highlights the potential areas of LCM application in agricultural and allied sectors and how it can be utilized. The study revealed that LCM tools such as design for environment and life cycle analysis can be used to evaluate the environmental impacts of-and to improve the products, equipment, and structures produced by biosystems engineers as well as the processes used to generate them.

Reliability-Based Full-Life Cycle Optimum Design of Offshore Jacket Platform

Based on the consideration of operation environment and structural property, an optimum design model of offshore jacket platform is developed in this paper, namely, the reliability-based full-life cycle optimum design model. In this model, the time-dependent reliability assessment method for structural members is established by combination of the decrease of sectional size and performance deterioration of material. The initial investment, maintenance cost and failure loss cost are assembled into the model. The total cost of the platform structure system in its full service period is chosen as the objective function, and the initial reliabilities of the layer elements partitioned in advance are taken as the design variables. Different models are obtained, depending on whether the system reliability constraint is considered or not. This optimum design model can result in the lowest full-life cost and the optimal initial layer reliability of an offshore jacket platform in the design of marine structures. The feasibility of this model is illustrated with an actual jacket platform in the Liaodong Gulf as an example.

Energy and Cost Analyses of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Microgeneration Systems for Different Climate Zones of Turkey

The environmental and energy problems that have arisen in Turkey because of the dramatically increase in energy consumption require the implementation of energy efficiency and microgeneration measures in the building sector which is the main sector of primary energy consumption. Since Turkey is highly dependent on exported energy resources, the basic energy policy approach is based on providing the supply security. In this regard, supporting for in situ energy production, encouraging the use of renewable energy sources and the systems such as microgeneration systems in order to meet the energy requirements of buildings would be considered as a key measure for resolving the energy related challenges of Turkey and dealing with the sustainability issues. Turkey’s geographical location has several advantages for extensive use of most of the renewable energy sources such as especially solar energy. However, this huge solar energy potential is not being used sufficiently in residential building sector which is responsible for the great energy consumption of Turkey. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce a study which investigates, on a life cycle basis, the environmental and the economic sustainability of solar Photovoltaic (PV) microgenerators to promote the implementation of this system as an option for the renovation of existing residential buildings in Turkey. In this study, main parameters which were related to the distribution of modules to be installed in flat roofs and facades and the evaluation of the PV systems were taken into account. The effect of these parameters on energy generation of PV systems was analyzed in a case study considering different climate zones of Turkey;and the decrease in the existing energy consumption of the reference building was calculated.

Concept of Integrated Waste Management as Recoverable Resources in Product Cycle

This paper presents a conceptual framework of integrated waste management which focuses on all stages of product life cycle. A mechanism of resource recovery motivating from waste in economic system （designers, producers, consumers, stakeholders in the field of disposal of the product） is suggested. The classification of institutional and economic instruments in the field of waste management as recoverable resources is developed. The author has proposed a scientific and methodical approach to the formation of an integrated waste management as recoverable resources, which is based on a set of methods of economic incentives at all stages of product life cycle and ensures the maximum possible and the environmentally safe management of wastes containing valuable resource components.

Durability zonation standard of concrete structure design

Durability zonation standard （DZS） is proposed to provide useful parameters for durable concrete structure design. It deals not only with the influence of environment on structures, but also with types, functions and importance of structures based on the theory of life cycle cost（LCC）. First, the basic concept of DZS for concrete structure design is defined. Then the basic principles for DZS are established. The factors for zonation according to natural environmental conditions and structural importance are identified. The usefulness of DZS by citing a real application for concrete highway bridges in Zhejiang Province is demonstrated. Finally, durability regulations are provided accordingly to zonation.

Reliability-Based Optimal Design for Very Large Floating Structure

Costs and losses induced by possible future extreme environmental conditions and difficulties in repairing post yielding damage strongly suggest the need for proper consideration in design rather than just life loss prevention. This can be addressed through the development of design methodology that balances the initial cost of the very large floating structure (VLFS) against the expected potential losses resulting from future extreme wave induced structural damage. Here, the development of a methodology for determining optimal, cost effective design will be presented and applied to a VLFS located in the Tokyo bay. Optimal design criteria are determined based on the total expected life cycle cost and acceptable damage probability and curvature of the structure, and a set of sizes of the structure are obtained. The methodology and applications require expressions of the initial cost and the expected life cycle damage cost as functions of the optimal design variables. This study includes the methodology, total life cycle cost function, structural damage modeling, and reliability analysis.

Sustainable Design in Space Structures

The sustainable design approach presented in this paper supports an increased commitment to environmental stewardship and conservation, and results in an optimal balance of cost, environmental, societal, and human benefits while meeting the mission and function of the intended space structure. The aim of this paper is to develop the guidelines that could be applied in the design of a space structure in order to achieve the optimal overall lifetime performance of the space structure. Space structures are more than inanimate hunks of metal, glass and fabric. Every space structure that we design as structural engineers is like a child - a child that is conceived with a passionate vision of its form, structure and purpose; nurtured through the schematic design phase and the development of construction documents; and cared for during the labor pains of plan check corrections, requests for information, shop drawing review, and construction observation. Like children, our space structures mature, perform necessary functions during their lives, and eventually, grow old and die. The design of a sustainable space structure is a much more challenging and cross-disciplinary process than in the past and therefore it is necessary that the space structure is viewed as an integrated system and that all members of the design team work in a fully integrated fashion.

Sustainable Design of Turbofan Engine： A Computer-Aided Design and Finite Element Analysis

A compressive design and analysis of a turbofan engine is presented in this paper. The components of jet engine have been analyzed based on mechanical design concept. An attempt has been to select materials based on sustainability and green design considerations. The energy content （e） of the materials has been one of the parameters for material selection. The choice of material has a substantial impact on cost, manuthcturing process, and the life cycle efficiency. All components nose cone, fan blade, inlet shaft, including compressor has been solid modeled using Siemens NX 11.0 CAD software. The finite element analysis of every component was performed and found safe. A tolerance analysis was performed before assembly of the turbofan engine. A numerical analysis was completed on blade and inlet geometries to determine a more efficient turbofan engine. Thermal analysis was executed oi1 the cone and suitable corrections were made. Finally, the cost and the total energy were estimated to show how much energy is needed to manufacture a turbofan jet engine.

系统论视角下高校预算管理一体化系统构建

启用中央预算管理一体化系统对高校预算管理机制提出了挑战,倒逼高校采购、资产、财务领域实施协同管理。从“系统论”视角出发,通过对目前高校采购、资产、财务信息化系统中存在问题的分析,提出“高校预算管理一体化系统”模型。该模型集“管理+服务+交易”功能于一体,强化了系统的基本特征,更便于与中央预算管理一体化系统适配,进一步推动高校预算管理提质增效。从转变思维模式、创新组织机制、开展顶层设计、再造“端到端”流程以及优化数据治理等方面给出了一体化系统建设的优化和保障措施建议。

公立医院体外诊断试剂全生命周期成本管理研究

体外诊断试剂是医院日常运营重要的成本组成部分,其成本管理存在一些问题。对此,从采购、使用、考核三个阶段,实证分析某省级公立医院体外诊断试剂全生命周期成本管理及其成效,提出改进措施:联合招标,以量换价;开展基于大数据的检验试剂成本比测算;建立智慧物流管理系统;探索试剂与供应链金融结合模式;由三级医院牵头,企业参与,共建区域医学检验中心。

大数据环境下基于BIM与CNN的电力工程造价优化算法

针对大数据环境下电力工程造价在精准化、动态化等方面存在的不足,提出了一种基于BIM与CNN的电力工程造价优化算法。利用BIM技术的特点进行电力工程全生命周期的造价管理,实现了造价的动态化管控。并且采用Levenberg-Marquardt规则算法改进卷积神经网络,通过改进后的CNN网络对每个工程环节的造价完成预测,从而优化整个工程的施工方案。结合相关的电力工程造价数据,基于Matlab对所提算法进行实验测试。结果表明,当学习率为0.010时CNN网络的性能最佳,所提算法的预测准确率为94%,并且与造价的真实值最为接近。

基于路径概率的桥梁全寿命成本计算方法及例证

为解决传统桥梁全寿命设计方法在工程实践中遇到的设计概念模糊、计算方法不明确及与相关规范脱节的不足,以提高公共安全与交通舒适度,降低建造和运营综合成本,提出了基于路径概率并与可靠度结合的混凝土桥梁全寿命成本计算方法。首先,在深入研究桥梁全寿命设计的基础上,依据调研所得桥梁管养投入实际数据,拟合了不同服役地区不同桥梁等级的检测成本计算公式,以及不同公路等级不同养修成本的养修成本取值区间,以此构建了桥梁全寿命成本计算基准。其次,以钢筋在氯离子侵蚀和碳化耦合作用下的锈胀开裂模型为基础,采用路径概率方法构建了桥梁全寿命养修概率模型。然后,通过蒙特卡洛法进行求解,并将养修方案、养修成本通过可靠度指标联系起来,结合规范中关于正常使用极限状态指标的相关规定,提出基于可靠度的全寿命成本计算方法。最后,采用所提方法计算了不同桥梁设计方案在设计使用寿命期内的养修概率,综合建造成本、检测成本和养修成本估算全寿命成本及其对应的可靠度。结果表明:不同可靠度指标的取值对设计方案的全寿命成本有显著影响,随着可靠度指标的提高不同设计方案的经济性均出现先上升后下降的趋势。因此,设计过程目标可靠度的取值不宜过大,可通过一个较低的可靠度指标,适当放宽耐久性设计准入,以允许桥梁在使用过程出现一定的耐久性问题,并通过后续养修进行矫正,这样对于全寿命成本而言,更具有经济性。

液体火箭发动机可重复使用性设计技术分析

为适应可重复使用液体火箭发动机设计研制的需要,以航天飞机、猎鹰9号火箭和X-37B的动力系统为对象,开展了可重复使用液体火箭发动机关键设计技术研究。文献调研与工程研制经验相结合,从运维体系建设、核心件功能设计、成本化设计与控制等方面,分析了发动机可重复使用性设计方法,提出了关键技术难题。研究结果表明:发动机的深度变推力技术、多次启动技术、喷管大角度调节技术,以及故障诊断与监测技术等,是火箭顺利回收的基本保障技术;液体火箭发动机有着显著的高、低温,强振动工况,极端环境材料性能数据建库技术、寿命设计与控制技术、全寿命周期运营体系设计技术等是迫切需要解决的关键技术难题;以发动机的性能、可靠性、维修性、安全性和保障性发展的发动机成本限额设计技术将会成为解决发动机可重复使用性的高新技术。

建设工程勘察设计质量管理改进框架

在高质量发展的国家战略背景和新发展理念下,改进工程勘察设计质量管理模式和方法,不断提高勘察设计质量,是实现建设行业绿色低碳转型的必经途径。本文首先对勘察设计质量管理的既有研究进行回顾;然后在前人研究成果的基础上,基于协同设计理念,构建勘察设计项目质量管理系统模型,为绿色设计奠定基础,基于协同管理理论,对利益相关者、全寿命期和全面质量管理进行集成,构建勘察设计集成化协同质量管理框架结构模型,为提高勘察设计质量水平提供理论框架;再采用半结构化访谈对前述模型进行深入访谈,根据访谈意见修正后形成最终模型;最后以港珠澳大桥工程为例验证研究结论。访谈结论和案例分析表明研究成果具有较好的理论价值和应用价值,对建设工程勘察设计行业高质量发展和绿色低碳转型具有一定的促进作用。

基于全生命周期管理的FPSO单点锁紧机构风险分析

通过引入全生命周期管理的分析策略,在总结历史故障的基础上,评估其在不同阶段面临的环境与操作风险,提出针对性的改进措施,以期提高FPSO的安全运营水平。基于典型FPSO单点机构的载荷传递机理,分析浮筒与舱室的受力情况;通过案例研究,对原油田服役期间的故障原因进行深入剖析,并对新油田环境适应性改造进行评估;从技术与管理两个层面,提出未来运营中的风险要素分析及应对策略。研究揭示了单点机构在恶劣环境条件下面临的挑战,包括结构大变形、疲劳裂纹、操作失误等,并通过结构加强、定期维护、人员培训等措施有效降低了风险。

基于成本管控视角的医疗设备全生命周期管理实践

当前,医院医疗设备的成本管理普遍存在模式粗放、管理松散、效率低下等问题。对此,A医院基于成本管控视角,探索医疗设备管理的有效路径:建立全生命周期管理信息系统,购置决策与成本管理相融合,优化采购流程,完善绩效考核,加强一物一码的全链条数据管理,强化效益分析,严格执行报废流程;通过优化关键流程,提升医疗设备成本管控能力,实现降本增效提质的战略目标,促进医院高质量发展。

基于云计算的全生命周期建筑工程设计阶段造价管理研究

针对某厂房建筑工程的造价管理现状及问题进行分析,结合云计算技术提出全生命周期建筑工程造价管理平台。结果表明,全生命周期造价管理下,总造价偏差波动范围较小,在运营阶段总造价偏差接近0。传统成本管理方法下,当设计阶段进度达到50%时,设计阶段造价偏差最大为0.06%;在设计阶段结束时的设计阶段造价偏差为0.04%。全生命周期造价管理方法下,设计阶段造价偏差接近0。研究表明,全生命周期建筑工程造价管理对策能够有效控制设计阶段的造价成本。

基于BIM技术的综合管廊全生命周期典型问题应对研究

文章根据对管廊工程实例的研究,分析了综合管廊在规划、设计、施工、运维各阶段存在的典型问题,探究了造成这些问题的核心矛盾,并浅谈将BIM技术应用于城市综合管廊将带来怎么的变化,如何通过应用BIM设计协同管理平台、三维协同设计、基于BIM+GIS的建设协同管理平台、管廊智能运维管理平台,为综合管廊全生命周期典型问题提供针对性解决方案。

产品生命周期成本管理在汽车制造企业中的应用研究——以A企业为例

从制造业角度出发,以A企业为例,着眼于产品整个生命周期成本管理理论,分析了A企业的产品在各个环节的成本管理现状,构建科学完善的产品生命周期成本管理体系;各部门相互配合降低创新成本以及加大创新深入并降低创新成本。