This study uses the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to evaluate the magnitude of the environmental impact, in terms of global warming potential, and water footprint throughout the 20 years of useful life of a rural electric...This study uses the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to evaluate the magnitude of the environmental impact, in terms of global warming potential, and water footprint throughout the 20 years of useful life of a rural electrical energy concession comprised of 120Wp Households photovoltaic systems (HPS) in the isolated communities of San Martin, in the Peruvian Amazon region. On the other hand, due to the particular conditions of the system (installation, operation, maintenance, monthly tariff collection), it is necessary to know its real impact and sustainability;not only through the aforementioned environmental impact indicators, but also by energy intensity values required by the system throughout its life cycle. Therefore, this paper used the Cumulative energy demand (CED) method to determine the amount of energy taken from natural resources for each process involved in the LCA and calculated with this, i.e., the Energy Payback Time (EPBT) of the whole system. Likewise, the HPS has been environmentally compared to other case studies and the Peruvian Energy Mix, revealing a lower impact in the latter case and results within the range for stand-alone systems. Besides, the HPS shows a strong relation between energy production and O&M condition. Additionally, this study allows a further promotion of the use of this type of system in isolated areas, as well as the diversification of electricity generation in Peru.展开更多
CO2 emission of the steel industry takes up a great proportion of the total emission of the world. It is necessary to reduce the CO2 intensity of steel products in order to save energy,protect the environment and keep...CO2 emission of the steel industry takes up a great proportion of the total emission of the world. It is necessary to reduce the CO2 intensity of steel products in order to save energy,protect the environment and keep a sustainable development in the steel industry. Based on the research of steel products＇ life cycle inventory, those who conducted this research have focused on the analysis of CO2 emission factors and measures. Adopting the life cycle inventory model of a certain steelmaking site,together with the Tornado Chart, the researchers have identified significant factors, provided some explanation, and suggested some possible measures to reduce CO2 emission. The results have shown that the most important factors are the CO2 intensity of blast furnace gas （BFG）, hot metal ratio of basic oxygen furnace （BOF） and the material utilization efficiency. Accordingly,some measures such as removing CO2 in BFG,decreasing the hot metal proportion in BOF, and improve material utilization efficiency in each process ,may be taken to decrease CO2 emission.展开更多
文摘This study uses the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to evaluate the magnitude of the environmental impact, in terms of global warming potential, and water footprint throughout the 20 years of useful life of a rural electrical energy concession comprised of 120Wp Households photovoltaic systems (HPS) in the isolated communities of San Martin, in the Peruvian Amazon region. On the other hand, due to the particular conditions of the system (installation, operation, maintenance, monthly tariff collection), it is necessary to know its real impact and sustainability;not only through the aforementioned environmental impact indicators, but also by energy intensity values required by the system throughout its life cycle. Therefore, this paper used the Cumulative energy demand (CED) method to determine the amount of energy taken from natural resources for each process involved in the LCA and calculated with this, i.e., the Energy Payback Time (EPBT) of the whole system. Likewise, the HPS has been environmentally compared to other case studies and the Peruvian Energy Mix, revealing a lower impact in the latter case and results within the range for stand-alone systems. Besides, the HPS shows a strong relation between energy production and O&M condition. Additionally, this study allows a further promotion of the use of this type of system in isolated areas, as well as the diversification of electricity generation in Peru.
文摘CO2 emission of the steel industry takes up a great proportion of the total emission of the world. It is necessary to reduce the CO2 intensity of steel products in order to save energy,protect the environment and keep a sustainable development in the steel industry. Based on the research of steel products＇ life cycle inventory, those who conducted this research have focused on the analysis of CO2 emission factors and measures. Adopting the life cycle inventory model of a certain steelmaking site,together with the Tornado Chart, the researchers have identified significant factors, provided some explanation, and suggested some possible measures to reduce CO2 emission. The results have shown that the most important factors are the CO2 intensity of blast furnace gas （BFG）, hot metal ratio of basic oxygen furnace （BOF） and the material utilization efficiency. Accordingly,some measures such as removing CO2 in BFG,decreasing the hot metal proportion in BOF, and improve material utilization efficiency in each process ,may be taken to decrease CO2 emission.
