Meaning in Life and Mental Health Issues in Older Adults:A Meta-Analysis

This study aims to be the first to use meta-analysis to explore the relationship between meaning in life(MIL)and mental health issues among older adults.A meta-analysis was conducted using six databases,resulting in 16 studies with 5,074 participants in total.The“metacor”and“forestplot”packages in R-Studio were used for data analysis.The total effect was calculated using a random-effects model,with I2=86%in the heterogeneity test.The results showed a moderate negative correlation between MIL and mental health issues among older adults,with an average effect of−0.37.Five potential moderating variables were examined:the conceptualization of MIL(value vs.purpose),region(Asian vs.Western countries),residence status(community vs.nursing home vs.hospital),types of mental health issues,and evaluation methods(clinical vs.non-clinical).The first four had no significant moderating effect.The mean correlation coefficients between mental health issues and value/purpose were−0.49/−0.33;the mean correlation coefficients in Asian countries and Western countries were−0.48 and−0.34;the mean correlation coefficients among participants living in community/nursing home/mixed status were−0.33/−0.40/−0.40;the mean correlation coefficients between MIL and depression/others were−0.37/−0.35;however,the negative relationship between MIL and mental health issues was stronger when non-clinical evaluations(self-report only)were used.Specifically,the mean correlation coefficient for non-clinical evaluations was−0.42 and for clinical evaluations was−0.29.This study is the first meta-analysis to identify the negative correlation between older adults’MIL and mental health issues.Significant moderating effects of evaluation methods were found.

Mindfulness Associates Life Satisfaction:The Mediating Role of Internal Control and the Presence of Meaning in Life

This study explored the internal mechanism of the effect of mindfulness on life satisfaction from the perspective of logotherapy theory and achievement attribution theory.We recruited 1021 college students using a combination of random sampling and cluster sampling.They completed the relevant questionnaire.The results showed that,from the perspective of logotherapy theory,wefind that the presence of meaning in life is an important intermediary between mindfulness and life satisfaction.From the perspective of achievement attribution theory,we found that internal control was an important intermediary between mindfulness and life satisfaction.In addition,we also found the chain mediating path that mindfulness positively predicted life satisfaction by influencing internal control and then influencing the presence of meaning in life.This study proves for thefirst time that the theory of logotherapy and achievement attribution explain the internal mechanism of the relation of mindfulness on life satisfaction.This study provides an important reference for how to effectively improve life satisfaction from the perspective of mindfulness.

Depression by the Theory of Breathing and Finding Meaning of Life

This study aimed to examine the relationship of finding meaning to life with the level of depression and investigates the effect of using breathing theory in treating or reducing depression in a sample of individuals suffering from depression in the Kuwait Mental Health Center. In order to achieve these objectives, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach through an applied questionnaire on the study sample which consist of (380) individuals and the quasi-experimental approach by dividing the study sample individuals into two groups;control group consisted of (190) individuals and experimental group consist of (190) individuals. Also, the researcher developed meaning of life scale and breathing strategy, also used beck depression inventory scale. The study found a set of results, there is a negative relationship between finding meaning in life and depression and there are statistically significant differences between the members of the two groups due to the use of the breathing strategy, in favor of the experimental group. In the light of this result, the study came out with a set of recommendations, the most important of which are holding training and educational courses for depressed patients on ways and methods of finding meaning in life, as these courses have the benefit in reducing the level of depression among patients.

A Meaningful Life for Older Persons Receiving Municipal Care—Unit Leaders’ Perspectives

Introduction: In Sweden, new national guidelines for elderly care have been introduced containing core values and local guarantees of dignity that highlight the need for dignity, well-being and the organisation of the older person’s daily life, so it is perceived as meaningful. Unit leaders play a crucial role in health care organisations when guidelines are to be implemented. Aim: The aim was therefore to describe unit leaders’ experiences about what constituted a meaningful daily life for older persons receiving municipal care and the opportunities and obstacles that might exist. Method: Repeated interviews using reflective conversations with nine leaders were performed and analysed with qualitative content analysis. Results: Unit leaders felt a shared vision regarding a meaningful life was needed. Daily routines and habits that promoted independence, a feeling of community together with familiarity with the job, and got the little extra from knowledgeable staff were important. The historical collective paradigm in elderly care needed to be abandoned in favour of one promoting more individualism. Fundamental was the courage to ask the older person what was important and dared to follow through to “Give power to the older person to decide what care to be given”. Conclusion: Organisational conditions affect unit leaders’ ability to succeed in the implementation of the work. Further studies are required regarding the nature of the support that the unit leaders need to succeed in their work.

The Ethics and the Meaning of Life among College Students

The concern of the ethics and the meaning of life in young adults became universal and are present in all contexts of human life. Such universality is due to the development of modern rationality, to establish a relationship between the intrinsic theoretical dimensions (scientific) and practical dimensions (ethical), originated that are present in the own array of knowledge. This descriptive cross-sectional study, aims to identify the values of the ethical dimension and meaning of life defended by the college students of the Universities of Madeira, Portugal and Fortaleza, Brazil. The sample consists of 605 University students (Madeira = 225 and Fortaleza = 380), with an average age of 21 years and a standard deviation of 2. We used the questionnaire on values (adapted from the European Values Survey). Most of the young people referred to have a religion (60% wood and 78.4% stronghold), being the most Catholic, however, present in your frequency disinterest and, yet, in Brazil there is a greater diversity of religions. Supporting the intervention of religious institutions in situations of everyday life is accepted mostly by Brazilians, with the exception of politics (35.5%). On the other hand, the university students of the University of Madeira understand that Religious Institutions should only give their opinion on racial discrimination (76.6%). Believe in God (90.8% and 55.1% Stronghold) and Soul (80.3% and 66.4% Stronghold) are beliefs more referred to by college students. These results are intended to contribute in the field of research on ethical values and meaning of life in young people. This study contributes to future comparative research among university students and to developing strategic programs in education and health, increasing the success and excellence in the formation of a full citizenship, preventing the fanaticisms and the social discrimination that today devastate the collective globally.

前列腺癌老年患者腹腔镜根治术后生命意义感水平及其相关影响因素分析

目的分析前列腺癌老年患者腹腔镜根治术后生命意义感水平及其相关影响因素。方法选取2018年2月至2022年9月江西省九江市第一人民医院行腹腔镜根治术治疗的80例老年前列腺癌患者作为研究对象,用生命意义感量表(MLQ)评价患者术后生命意义感水平,调查患者相关资料,比较不同资料患者生命意义感水平,分析前列腺癌老年患者腹腔镜根治术后生命意义感水平的相关影响因素。结果80例老年前列腺癌患者腹腔镜根治术后MLQ评分为(35.68±3.85)分,患者生命意义感水平较低;单因素分析结果显示,不同宗教信仰、心理状态、家庭关怀度、创伤后成长水平的前列腺癌老年患者腹腔镜根治术后MLQ评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经多元线性回归分析,结果显示,无宗教信仰(B=-11.276,β=-0.743,95%CI:-13.567~-8.985,t=9.799)、心理状态较差(B=-10.912,β=-0.713,95%CI:-13.330~-8.495,t=8.988)、家庭关怀度障碍(B=-9.128,β=-0.618,95%CI:-13.843~-4.412,t=3.856)、创伤后成长低水平(B=-11.270,β=-0.748,95%CI:-13.526~-9.014,t=9.944)是前列腺癌老年患者腹腔镜根治术后生命意义感水平的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论前列腺癌老年患者腹腔镜根治术后生命意义感水平较低,受宗教信仰、心理状态、家庭关怀度、创伤后成长水平因素影响。

A Psalm of Life及六种汉译的“三美”再现

美国诗人Longfellow的代表诗作之一A Psalm of Life是第一首被翻译成汉语的英语诗歌,其句式整齐,音韵谐美,基调慷慨激昂。文章以许渊冲先生的"三美论"为理论视角,分析了六个典型汉译本中形美、音美与意美的再现,其中黄皋炘先生译文更好地再现了原文之"三美"。因此,对该诗进行翻译,译者要在同时精通原语与译入语,用中国传统诗歌题裁翻译限制较多,选择"以顿代步"是可行之法。

大学生体育锻炼与生活满意度的关系:一般自我效能感和生命意义感的链式中介作用

目的探讨一般自我效能感、生命意义感在大学生体育锻炼与生命意义感之间的关系。方法采用量表对803位在校大学生进行测量,使用SPSS26.0、Process3.3进行统计分析。结果1)大学生体育锻炼、一般自我效能感、生命意义感和生活满意度呈两两正相关。2)体育锻炼能够显著正向预测大学生生活满意度(β=0.325,p<0.001);间接效应路径1效应值为0.078(体育锻炼→一般自我效能感→生活满意度)占总效应的24%;间接效应路径2效应值为0.048(体育锻炼→生命意义感→生活满意度)占总效应的14.7%,间接效应路径3效应值为0.021(体育锻炼→一般自我效能感→生命意义感→生活满意度)占总效应的6.5%。结论体育锻炼对大学生生活满意度存在直接影响,也可以通过一般自我效能感与生命意义感间接影响生活满意度。

Impact of minimalism on consumers’ low-carbon innovation behavior: Interactive role of quantitative behavior

Minimalism has become a new consumer trend that can guide low-carbon innovation behaviors.This study uses two experiments and one survey to explore the mechanisms underlying the relationships among minimalism,quantitative behavior,and low-carbon innovation behavior.The results show that(1)minimalism can positively influence consumers’low-carbon innovation behavior;(2)the interactive effect of minimalist and quantitative behavior on low-carbon innovation behavior is significant;and(3)meaning in life can play a significant mediating role in the relationship between minimalism and low-carbon innovation behavior.Finally,corresponding strategies for theory and management practices are proposed.

Time is Not Money!——It Is a Providence of Opportunities

The essay discusses the interrelations between Time and Money and the right ways for managing them.Additionally it discusses other aspects of life and time,such as:definition of time,smart use of time,use of time as distincting between men and animals,time,age and responsibility,time and the“meaning of life”,quality and quantity of lifetime,social aspects of time and science,technology and time.The author clearly expresses his opinion,that Time is a neutral abstract entity,exists in free democratic regimes and in less-liberatated autocracies.It is the explicit responsibility of every man and woman,anywhere,and everywhere,to prepare and train themselves for a smart use of the time awarded to them.On the other hand,Time is available for everyone and everything.The busy diligent hard-working person always seeks more challenging missions,while the less-energetic idle person,is always busy and tire of doing nothing.The author also claims that Time is an opportunity.It is available and inviting every active person,a thinker,a doer,and an entrepreneur to use and have it to achieve their goals.The author advises:Do not complain I have no time-dare to make the first step and“the other will come,tumbling after”.Active individuals have time for every challenging initiative;passive ones have no time for anything.

Equilibrium Reinsurance Strategy and Mean Residual Life Function

In this paper,we analyze the relationship between the equilibrium reinsurance strategy and the tail of the distribution of the risk.Since Mean Residual Life(MRL)has a close relationship with the tail of the distribution,we consider two classes of risk distributions,Decreasing Mean Residual Life(DMRL)and Increasing Mean Residual Life(IMRL)distributions,which can be used to classify light-tailed and heavy-tailed distributions,respectively.We assume that the underlying risk process is modelled by the classical CramérLundberg model process.Under the mean-variance criterion,by solving the extended Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation,we derive the equilibrium reinsurance strategy for the insurer and the reinsurer under DMRL and IMRL,respectively.Furthermore,we analyze how to choose the reinsurance premium to make the insurer and the reinsurer agree with the same reinsurance strategy.We find that under the case of DMRL,if the distribution and the risk aversions satisfy certain conditions,the insurer and the reinsurer can adopt a reinsurance premium to agree on a reinsurance strategy,and under the case of IMRL,the insurer and the reinsurer can only agree with each other that the insurer do not purchase the reinsurance.

中文修订版生命意义量表在大学生中应用的信效度

目的评价中文修订版生命意义量表(MLM-CR)测量中国大学生生命意义感的适用性。方法用MLM-CR、生命满意度量表(SWLS)、生活目的量表(PIL)和病人健康问卷-2(PHQ-2)对1035名大学生进行施测,对MLM-CR进行项目分析、验证性因素分析和信度、效度检验。结果(1)MLM-CR的23个项目鉴别指数均在0.7以上(r=0.753~0.838,P<0.001);(2)验证性因素分析所得结构方程模型具有良好的拟合度(χ2/df=3.4;GFI=0.946;AGFI=0.924;RMR=0.069;NFI=0.953;CFI=0.966;RMSEA=0.048),结果支持MLM-CR具有兴奋感、成就感、原则性、目的性、价值感的五因子结构;(3)MLM-CR总量表Cronbachα系数为0.942,各因子的Cronbach a系数在0.782~0.877之间;MLM-CR总量表的分半信度为0.920,各因子的分半信度在0.752~0.830之间;MLM-CR总量表的重测信度为0.871,各因子的重测信度在0.783~0.805之间;(4)MLM-CR与SWLS,PIL和PHQ-2的效标相关分别为0.666,0.755,-0.388;(5)大学生MLM-CR总均分为(5.20±0.90),总体生命意义感处于中等偏上水平,女生的生命意义感高于男生(P<0.001)。结论 MLM-CR具有良好的信、效度,适用于综合地反映个体的生命意义感。

失独父母生命意义感的影响因素分析,兼论个人应对方式的作用

失独不仅会给家庭和个人带来物质和情感的打击,也会严重影响父母的人生意义。以往的研究对于失独父母生命意义感的探讨较少,此次研究对失独父母生命意义感的影响因素进行了考察,包括失独父母的年龄、性别、教育程度、配偶状况、失独原因、失独时间,以及他们的健康状况、社会支持度、应对方式等。结果表明,慢性病、子女意外去世,以及消极的应对方式会显著减少失独父母的生命意义感,而社会支持、社区归属感,以及积极的应对方式则于此有着积极的作用。此外,失独时间越长的父母感受到更多的人生意义。未来的失独家庭服务应针对不同人群的特点,提供支持和参与相结合的服务,以及基于应对理论的干预。

大学生生命意义感量表编制及信效度分析

目的:编制大学生生命意义感量表并检验其信效度,为高校大学生生命意义感研究提供定量的测试工具。方法:以Frankl的意义治疗理论及参考Wu等人量表的基础上确定原始问卷。先后选取105名和400名大学生为研究对象,对测查数据进行项目分析、探索性因素分析(EFA)、验证性因素分析(CFA)及信效度检验。结果:量表由意志自由、求意义的意志与生命的意义3个因子共13个题项组成,方差累积贡献率为63.191%。整体量表的克朗巴赫系数α为0.894,各因子的克朗巴赫系数α在0.735-0.894,各因子之间的相关系数在0.543-0.684(P<0.01),量表各因子与总分之间的相关系数在0.807-0.888(P<0.01)。量表与幸福感量表的相关系数为0.477(P<0.01)。结论:编制的大学生生命意义感量表信效度良好,可用于大学生生命意义感的测量。

意义生活的完整性：人工智能时代劳动教育何以必要与何以可为

劳动教育不是生活以外的形式训练,人正是在劳动中实现生活的意义。人工智能时代在促进个体生活现代化的同时,也带来了私人生活公共化、个体意义碎片化和人际关系陌生化的危机和挑战。如何超越技术理性中物的尺度,实现生活活动合规律性与合目的性的统一,就成为人工智能时代劳动教育发展的必然要求。为此,劳动教育应通过彰显技术理性中人的双重尺度、深化对生活意义的体验和拓展职业交往中的人文内涵以及突出个体的内在情感和思维,使个体更好地应对人工智能时代的冲击,真正实现完整的意义生活,从而更好地促进人的自由全面发展,创造美好幸福的生活。

522名大学生生命意义状况调查

目的:了解大学生生命意义的现状,为大学生生命教育提供依据。方法:采用生命意义量表MLM对湖南省522名大学生进行测试。结果:大学生的生命意义感(有激情的生活、有价值的生活、有原则的生活、有目标的生活和有成就的生活)处于中等水平(x=118.08),半数以上的学生生命意义感较高,只有少数学生感觉不到生命的意义。不同年级、性别的大学生生命意义感存在一定程度的差异,但在专业上不存在显著差异。结论:大学生的生命意义感处于中等水平,他们觉得生活不是完全平淡无奇的,能够主动追寻生命的真谛,重视并尊重自己的生命,有自己的内在原则或操守,目标、理想较清晰,对成功有自己的定义。

晚期癌症患者生命意义干预方案的构建与应用效果研究

目的提升晚期癌症患者生命意义感,为协助其达到善终提供参考依据。方法将38例晚期癌症患者采用分层随机方式分组,分为干预组18例,对照组20例。对照组采用常规晚期肿瘤患者心理护理,干预组在常规护理基础上施本土化的生命意义干预方案。干预前后比较两组患者的生命意义感水平、心理痛苦程度、焦虑抑郁程度的变化。结果干预后干预组较对照组患者心理痛苦程度与抑郁水平下降,干预组干预后较干预前患者生命意义感总体水平提升,焦虑抑郁水平与心理痛苦程度下降。结论开展晚期癌症患者生命意义干预对减轻患者心理痛苦程度、降低抑郁程度,提升患者的生命意义感有效,但对改善患者焦虑、情绪效果尚不能确定。

个人生活角度的个体道德建构

从个人生活的角度看,做人优先应该是个体道德建构的起点,这个起点有两个方面的要求,一是个人人格的确定性,即人格独立和讲求诚实守信;二是作为个人品质的尊重和宽容。合理生存和合意义相统一的生活构成个体道德生长和完善的基础,在此基础上的个体自我意识推动个人完成从生存到生活的心路历程。对适意的生活方式的践履体现着对人生意义的开拓,是物质生活和精神生活、肉体和灵魂的统一。

思想政治理论课教学生活化探析——基于“淘课”热的思考

思想政治理论课教学生活化是应对"淘课"热的必需选择。针对思想政治理论课教学知识化、封闭化、单一化、工具性弊端,需要全面实现思想政治理论课教学内容、目的、实施的生活化。