Reinforcement corrosion is the main cause of performance deterioration of reinforced concrete(RC)structures.Limited research has been performed to investigate the life-cycle cost(LCC)of coastal bridge piers with nonun...Reinforcement corrosion is the main cause of performance deterioration of reinforced concrete(RC)structures.Limited research has been performed to investigate the life-cycle cost(LCC)of coastal bridge piers with nonuniform corrosion using different materials.In this study,a reliability-based design optimization(RBDO)procedure is improved for the design of coastal bridge piers using six groups of commonly used materials,i.e.,normal performance concrete(NPC)with black steel(BS)rebar,high strength steel(HSS)rebar,epoxy coated(EC)rebar,and stainless steel(SS)rebar(named NPC-BS,NPC-HSS,NPC-EC,and NPC-SS,respectively),NPC with BS with silane soakage on the pier surface(named NPC-Silane),and high-performance concrete(HPC)with BS rebar(named HPC-BS).First,the RBDO procedure is improved for the design optimization of coastal bridge piers,and a bridge is selected to illustrate the procedure.Then,reliability analysis of the pier designed with each group of materials is carried out to obtain the time-dependent reliability in terms of the ultimate and serviceability performances.Next,the repair time of the pier is predicted based on the time-dependent reliability indices.Finally,the time-dependent LCCs for the pier are obtained for the selection of the optimal design.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the cost impact of meeting the increase in freight demand by doubling the truck weight （AS 1 ）, doubling the traffic volume （AS2）, or legalizing a new-proposed-truck of 97-kip weigh...This study aimed to investigate the cost impact of meeting the increase in freight demand by doubling the truck weight （AS 1 ）, doubling the traffic volume （AS2）, or legalizing a new-proposed-truck of 97-kip weight instead of the currently legal 80-kip truck （AS3）. The State of Michigan＇s average daily traffic database of year 2001 has been used as a case study. The study was applied only on the very common US Bridge with RC （reinforced concrete） deck over steel girder. Sampling criteria also includes the age of the bridges. The study covered the four-cost-impact categories provided by the NCHRP （National Cooperative Research Program）. The current truck weight and double traffic volume （AS2） show the best scenario to meet the increase in freight demand. However, doubling the truck weight with the current traffic volume （AS 1） was the worst scenario. The use of the proposed 97-kip truck with the current traffic volume （AS3） compromises both, meeting the increase in freight demand and the cost impact.展开更多
Commutation failure(CF)is a frequent dynamic event at inverter of LCC-HVDC systems caused by AC side faults which can lead to inverter blocking,interruption of active power transfer,and even system blackout.To elimina...Commutation failure(CF)is a frequent dynamic event at inverter of LCC-HVDC systems caused by AC side faults which can lead to inverter blocking,interruption of active power transfer,and even system blackout.To eliminate CFs and improve system performance,new Flexible LCC-HVDC topologies have been proposed in previous research but with limited analysis on its economic performance.Therefore,to further validate the applicability of Flexible LCC-HVDC topologies,this paper utilizes Life-Cycle Cost Analysis model to analyze the life-cycle cost of inverter stations for conventional LCCHVDC,Capacitor Commutated Converter based HVDC(CCCHVDC)topology and Flexible LCC-HVDC topologies including Controllable Capacitor based Flexible LCC-HVDC,AC Filterless Controllable Capacitor based Flexible LCC-HVDC and improved Flexible LCC-HVDC.Through a case study based on a 500 kV,1000 MW LCC-HVDC scheme,comparison results show that the AC Filterless Controllable Capacitor based Flexible LCCHVDC topology and the improved Flexible LCC-HVDC topology have lower cost than the conventional LCC-HVDC and CCCHVDC topologies,which proves that the elimination of CFs can be achieved with reduced cost.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51921006 and 51725801Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.FRFCU5710093320Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program。
文摘Reinforcement corrosion is the main cause of performance deterioration of reinforced concrete(RC)structures.Limited research has been performed to investigate the life-cycle cost(LCC)of coastal bridge piers with nonuniform corrosion using different materials.In this study,a reliability-based design optimization(RBDO)procedure is improved for the design of coastal bridge piers using six groups of commonly used materials,i.e.,normal performance concrete(NPC)with black steel(BS)rebar,high strength steel(HSS)rebar,epoxy coated(EC)rebar,and stainless steel(SS)rebar(named NPC-BS,NPC-HSS,NPC-EC,and NPC-SS,respectively),NPC with BS with silane soakage on the pier surface(named NPC-Silane),and high-performance concrete(HPC)with BS rebar(named HPC-BS).First,the RBDO procedure is improved for the design optimization of coastal bridge piers,and a bridge is selected to illustrate the procedure.Then,reliability analysis of the pier designed with each group of materials is carried out to obtain the time-dependent reliability in terms of the ultimate and serviceability performances.Next,the repair time of the pier is predicted based on the time-dependent reliability indices.Finally,the time-dependent LCCs for the pier are obtained for the selection of the optimal design.
基金authors gratefully acknowledge funding and support provided by NSF （National Science Foundation） （CMMI- 1100742） and NCTSPM （National Centre for Transportation Systems Productivity and Management）.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the cost impact of meeting the increase in freight demand by doubling the truck weight （AS 1 ）, doubling the traffic volume （AS2）, or legalizing a new-proposed-truck of 97-kip weight instead of the currently legal 80-kip truck （AS3）. The State of Michigan＇s average daily traffic database of year 2001 has been used as a case study. The study was applied only on the very common US Bridge with RC （reinforced concrete） deck over steel girder. Sampling criteria also includes the age of the bridges. The study covered the four-cost-impact categories provided by the NCHRP （National Cooperative Research Program）. The current truck weight and double traffic volume （AS2） show the best scenario to meet the increase in freight demand. However, doubling the truck weight with the current traffic volume （AS 1） was the worst scenario. The use of the proposed 97-kip truck with the current traffic volume （AS3） compromises both, meeting the increase in freight demand and the cost impact.
基金supported by a collaborative project between the University of Birmingham and C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co.Ltd under grant“Key Technologies of Flexible LCC Converter with Controllable Capacitors”(SGNRPG00WZQT2100564A).
文摘Commutation failure(CF)is a frequent dynamic event at inverter of LCC-HVDC systems caused by AC side faults which can lead to inverter blocking,interruption of active power transfer,and even system blackout.To eliminate CFs and improve system performance,new Flexible LCC-HVDC topologies have been proposed in previous research but with limited analysis on its economic performance.Therefore,to further validate the applicability of Flexible LCC-HVDC topologies,this paper utilizes Life-Cycle Cost Analysis model to analyze the life-cycle cost of inverter stations for conventional LCCHVDC,Capacitor Commutated Converter based HVDC(CCCHVDC)topology and Flexible LCC-HVDC topologies including Controllable Capacitor based Flexible LCC-HVDC,AC Filterless Controllable Capacitor based Flexible LCC-HVDC and improved Flexible LCC-HVDC.Through a case study based on a 500 kV,1000 MW LCC-HVDC scheme,comparison results show that the AC Filterless Controllable Capacitor based Flexible LCCHVDC topology and the improved Flexible LCC-HVDC topology have lower cost than the conventional LCC-HVDC and CCCHVDC topologies,which proves that the elimination of CFs can be achieved with reduced cost.
