Dependence may arise in insurance when the insureds are clustered into groups e.g. joint-life annuities. This dependence may be produced by sharing a common risk acting on mortality of members of the group. Various de...Dependence may arise in insurance when the insureds are clustered into groups e.g. joint-life annuities. This dependence may be produced by sharing a common risk acting on mortality of members of the group. Various dependence models have been considered in literature</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> however, the focus has been on either the lower-tail dependence alone or upper-tail dependence alone. This article implements the frailty dependence approach to life insurance problems where most applications have been within medical setting. Our strategy is to use the conditional independence assumption given an observed association measure in a positive stable frailty approach to account for both lower and upper-tail dependence. The model is calibrated on the association of Kenyan insurers 2010 male and female published rates. The positive stable model is then proposed to construct dependence life-tables and generate life annuity payment streams in the competitive Kenyan market.展开更多
In cancer survival analysis, it is very frequently to estimate the confidence intervals for survival probabilities.But this calculation is not commonly involve in most popular computer packages, or only one methods of...In cancer survival analysis, it is very frequently to estimate the confidence intervals for survival probabilities.But this calculation is not commonly involve in most popular computer packages, or only one methods of estimation in the packages. In the present Paper, we will describe a microcomputer Program for estimating the confidence intervals of survival probabilities, when the survival functions are estimated using Kaplan-Meier product-limit or life-table method. There are five methods of estimation in the program (SPCI), which are the classical(based on Greenwood's formula of variance of S(ti), Rothman-Wilson, arcsin transformation, log(-Iog) transformation, Iogit transformation methods. Two example analysis are given for testing the performances of the program running.展开更多
文摘Dependence may arise in insurance when the insureds are clustered into groups e.g. joint-life annuities. This dependence may be produced by sharing a common risk acting on mortality of members of the group. Various dependence models have been considered in literature</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> however, the focus has been on either the lower-tail dependence alone or upper-tail dependence alone. This article implements the frailty dependence approach to life insurance problems where most applications have been within medical setting. Our strategy is to use the conditional independence assumption given an observed association measure in a positive stable frailty approach to account for both lower and upper-tail dependence. The model is calibrated on the association of Kenyan insurers 2010 male and female published rates. The positive stable model is then proposed to construct dependence life-tables and generate life annuity payment streams in the competitive Kenyan market.
文摘In cancer survival analysis, it is very frequently to estimate the confidence intervals for survival probabilities.But this calculation is not commonly involve in most popular computer packages, or only one methods of estimation in the packages. In the present Paper, we will describe a microcomputer Program for estimating the confidence intervals of survival probabilities, when the survival functions are estimated using Kaplan-Meier product-limit or life-table method. There are five methods of estimation in the program (SPCI), which are the classical(based on Greenwood's formula of variance of S(ti), Rothman-Wilson, arcsin transformation, log(-Iog) transformation, Iogit transformation methods. Two example analysis are given for testing the performances of the program running.
