Co-hydrotreating light cycle oil-canola oil blends

Canola oil and light cycle oil （LCO） blends were co-hydrotreated over a commercial hydrotreating catalyst （NiMo/Al2O3） to produce diesel fuel with a green diesel component. High hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodesul- phurization and hydrodenitrogenation catalytic activities were achieved for all three feedstocks tested in the temperature range of 350-380℃ with a hydrogen pressure of 7 MPa and a gas/oil ratio of 800 nL/L. The hydrocrack- ing conversion of the 360℃ ＋ materials in the feedstocks increased by 5% and 15% when 5 and 7.5 wt-% canola oil was added to the LCO, respectively. Compared to the pure LCO, the cetane index of the diesel product formed from hydrotreating the two canola oil-LCO blends increased by 2.5 and 4, respectively. Due to the higher hydrogen requirement to crack and deoxygenate the triglycerides contained in the canola oil, a higher hydrogen consumption was needed to hydrotreat the canola oil-LCO blends.

The study of fluorescence characteristics and biochemical composition of a marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana 3H in light and dark cycles—Ⅱ . The effects of light

The effects of light on the fluorescence characteristics and biochemical composition of a marine diatom Tha-lassiosira pseudonana in light and dark cycles were investigated with semi-continuous culture. The results indicate that, with the increase of growing light intensity, DCMU enhanced fluorescence yield (Fd/Chl), enhanced fluorescence ratio (Fd/F) , cellular carbohydrate content. carbohydrate/chlorophyll a and carbohydrate/protein ratio increased , but the fluorescence yield and cellular chlorophyll a content decreased; The protein content declined with the increase of light intensity in the range of 10- 100 μmol/ (m2·s) and increased at higher than 100 μmol/ (m2·s). Sampling time during the day had great effect on the relationships between growing light intensity and cellular chlorophyll a , carbohydrate content , carbohydrate/chlorophyll a and carbohydrate/protein ratio.

Relationship between Colored Microstructure under Polarized Light and Shape Recovery Characteristics on the Thermomechanical Cycled CuAlNi Single Crystals

The paper studied the relationship between microstructure and shape recovery characteristics by using colored microstructure analysis under polarized light on the thermomechanical cycled CuAlNi single crystals. The two-way shape memory effect in quenched thin bar resulted from the preferential formation/extinction of martensite variant due to the internal quench stress, and the variant was formed at an angle of about 45 deg. with the tension direction ([001] of the βphase). Initial thermomechanical cycling under relatively low stress single variant stress-induced martensite was formed at an angle of 45 deg. with the tension and its morphology was a lath of parallel twins. More than one group of variants were formed after several training cycles and such variants also caused tilting of some thermally formed accommodated martensite. By overheating the trained sample containing stabilized multi-variants of stress-induced martensite, very coarse martensite structure with a strong asymmetry was produced, which caused the reverse two-way shape memory effect.

Fluid Catalytic Cracking Technology for Maximum Gasoline Production

Increasing gasoline production in FCC unit can improve the utilization efficiency of petroleum resources and gain economic benefit.This paper discusses the technical principles for increasing FCC gasoline yield from the aspects of feedstock properties,operating conditions,LCO(light cycle oil)recycling,catalyst selection and reactor type,and illustrates the industrial application examples for maximizing gasoline production.The technical measures,such as optimizing the feedstock,properly increasing the catalyst activity and reaction temperature,recycling LCO or hydrotreated LCO,applying high gasoline yield catalyst,and adopting the two-zone riser reactor,are proposed to enhance the gasoline yield.

Effects of short light/dark cycles on photosynthetic pathway switching and growth of medicinal Dendrobium officinale in aeroponic cultivation

Dendrobium officinale has high medicinal value but grows slowly in natural environment due to its special CAM photosynthetic pathway.In this study,D.officinale were grown aeroponically with light/dark cycles of 12 h/12 h,4 h/4 h,and 2 h/2 h for 150 d.The photosynthetic electron transfer characteristics,photosynthetic CO_(2) fixation pathways,and accumulations of biomass and soluble polysaccharides in D.officinale leaves were studied.The results showed that the photosynthetic apparatus states of D.officinale in aeroponic cultivation under short light/dark cycles of 4 h/4 h and 2 h/2 h were better than that under 12 h/12 h.The dark net CO_(2) exchange percentages of D.officinale were negative in short light/dark cycles of 4 h/4 h and 2 h/2 h,and the daily net CO_(2) exchange amount and dry/fresh weight increases were doubled compared with those in 12 h/12 h light/dark cycle.High soluble polysaccharides content and the soluble polysaccharides yield of D.officinale were obtained in the shorter light/dark cycle of 2 h/2 h.Therefore,the photosynthetic pathway of D.officinale could be switched from CAM to C3 by short light/dark cycles of 4 h/4 h and 2 h/2 h,and its higher biomass accumulation and soluble polysaccharides yield could be obtained by the shorter light/dark cycle of 2 h/2 h in aeroponic cultivation.

Circadian disturbance induces erectile dysfunction by impairing endothelial function

In order to explore the impact of circadian disturbance on erectile function,we randomly divided 24 adult male rats into groups of control(light on at 8:00 a.m.and off at 8:00 p.m.),dark/dark(DD;constant dark),light/light(LL;constant light),and shift dark/light(DL;light off at 8:00 a.m.and on at 8:0o p.m.).Four weeks later,erectile function was measured and corpora cavernosa were harvested for analysis.The maximum intracavernous pressure(mlcP)and mCP/mean arterial pressure(MAP)ratio in the DD,LL,and DL groups were significantly lower than that in the control group.The LL and DL groups showed significantly attenuated endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS),while DD,LL,and DL showed reduced neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS)at both mRNA and protein levels.The production of nitric oxide(NO)and cyclic guanosinemonophosphate(cGMP)was inhibited by altered light/dark cycles to varying degrees.Circadian disturbance impaired endothelial function and contributed to erectile dysfunction.For the core circadian elements,mRNA expression of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput(Clock)and brain/muscle aryl-hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1(Bmal1)was elevated in the DL group,but their protein expression was not significantly changed.DD,LL,and DL increased period 1(Per1)and Per3 levels,while LL and DL increased PER1 levels.No significant difference was found for Per2levels,and PER2 and PER3 concentrations were not significantly changed.Moreover,LL and DL significantly increased cryptochrome-1(CRY1)and CRY2 at both mRNA and protein levels.The altered light/dark rat model showed that circadian disturbance contributed to erectile dysfunction probably by impairing endothelial function.Meanwhile,the core circadian elements were detected in the corpora cavernosa,but these were disrupted.However,which circadian element regulates erectile function and how it works need further analysis.

Cost effectiveness of new roadway lighting systems

Appropriate and adequate lighting at select locations on roadways is essential for roadway safety. As the lighting technologies advance, many Wpes of new lighting devices have been developed for roadway lightings. The most promising new lighting technologies for roadway lighting include light emitting diode, induction, plasma, and metal halide lighting systems. A study was conducted to compare the new systems with the conventional high pressure sodium systems that are currently used on the Indiana roadway systems. In this study, the engineering issues, were analyzed such as illuminance, color rendering, power usage, cost effectiveness, and approval procedures for new roadway lighting systems. This paper, however, presents only the study findings related to cost effectiveness of the evaluated roadway lighting systems. Illustrated in this paper are the main features of the roadway lighting systems under evaluations, installations of the new lighting systems, measurements of power consumptions, and life cycle cost analyses of the lighting systems. Through this study, experience and knowledge have been obtained on the installations, power measurements, and cost effectiveness of the new types of the roadway lighting devices. The actual power values of various luminaires were obtained by measuring the electric current with a multi-meter. It was found that the differences between the rated and measured power values could be significant. The results of the life cycle cost analysis indicate that the lower life cycle costs of some of the alternative lighting devices are attributed to their relatively lower electricity usages and longer lamp/emitter replacement cycles.