双十字路口交通灯控制Stateflow和App Designer仿真

为培养学生能够独立从事自动化相关领域的工程设计、应用研究,解决自动化领域复杂工程实施过程中遇到的关键技术问题,以双十字路口交通灯为研究对象,为计算机辅助建模与仿真类课程设计了一个综合性教学案例。教学案例主要内容为双十字路口Simulink/Stateflow建模与基于Matlab App Designer的交通灯控制可视化仿真。通过此教学案例的实施,明显提高了学生对Matlab的综合应用和工程设计能力,并为后续课程“单片机原理及应用”和“电气控制和PLC”作铺垫。

Light-Weight Design Method for Force-Performance-Structure of Complex Structural Part Based Co-operative Optimization

A light?weight design method of integrated structural topology and size co?optimization for the force?performance?structure of complex structural parts is presented in this paper. Firstly, the supporting function of a complex structural part is built to map the force transmission, where the force exerted areas and constraints are considered as connecting structure and the structural configuration, to determine the part performance as well as the force routines. Then the connecting structure design model, aiming to optimize the static and dynamic performances on connection configuration, is developed, and the optimum design of the characteristic parameters is carried out by means of the collaborative optimization method, namely, the integrated structural topology optimization and size optimization. In this design model, the objective is to maximize the connecting stiffness. Based on the relationship between the force and the structural configuration of a part, the optimal force transmission routine that can meet the performance requirements is obtained using the structural topology optimization technology. Accordingly, the light?weight design of conceptual configuration for complex parts under multi?objective and multi?condition can be realized. Finally, based on the proposed collaborative optimization design method, the optimal performance and optimal structure of the complex parts with light weight are realized, and the reasonable structural unit configuration and size charac?teristic parameters are obtained. A bed structure of gantry?type machining center is designed by using the proposed light?weight structure design method in this paper, as an illustrative example. The bed after the design optimization is lighter 8% than original one, and the rail deformation is reduced by 5%. Moreover, the lightweight design of the bed is achieved with enhanced performance to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Development of Light Weight Structures to Provide Blast-Resistant Designs

In the past, blast-resistant designs for structures were often constructed with massive type structural systems, which relied more on brute strength than on finesse to achieve the required blast resistance. However, structures composed of COLD-FORMED steel components, such as sheet metal and metal studs, have shown great promise in providing blast resistance with the added benefits of low cost and ease of construction. Some examples of using such structures to provide containment for package handling facilities (PHF) are described in the paper for situations where blast containment is needed, such as a potential package bomb being discovered during the package vetting process. Results from tests and analytic data are used to illustrate aspects of design peculiar to such types of applications. Designs for specific capacities of PHF are described.

Simplified prediction model for lighting energy consumption in office building scheme design

At the scheme design stage,the potential of daylighting is significant due to the saving for electric lighting use. There are few simple tools for architects to optimize the daylighting design. Therefore,it is useful to develop a design guideline related to the evaluation of lighting energy saving potential and sunlight design strategies. This paper analyzes the impacts of different artificial lighting control methods and design parameters on daylighting. A direct correlation between lighting energy consumption and parameters such as orientations,window to wall ratio (WWR) and perimeter depth is established. A simplified prediction model is proposed to estimate lighting energy consumption with the given perimeter depth,WWR,and window transparency. Validation of the model is carried out compared with detailed lighting simulation software for an office building. After the variation analysis for these parameters,design advises for the daylighting design at scheme design phase are summarized.

Compound diffractive telescope system:design,stray light analysis,and optical test

The compound diffractive telescope is a novel space optical system which combines the structure of compound eyes with diffractive optics and so it has a lighter weight, a wider field of view （FOV）, a lower cost as well as looser fabrication tolerance. In this paper, the design of a compound diffractive telescope composed of one primary lens and twenty-one eyepieces is introduced. Then the influence of diffraction orders on the performance of the system is analysed. A modified phase function model of diffractive optics is proposed to analyse the modulation transfer function （MTF） curves for 0° FOV, which provides a more accurate prediction of the performance of the system. In addition, an optimized mechanism is also proposed to suppress stray light. The star image and resolution tests show that the system can achieve diffraction limit imaging within ±2° of FOV and 4-4 mm of eccentricity. Finally, a series of pictures of an object are taken from different channels, and the splicing of pictures from adjacent FOVs is demonstrated. In summary, the designed system has been proved to have great potential applications.

Design of a Multimodal Light Sheet Optical System for Multivariate Applications in Phytopathology

The design of optical instruments is an active subject due to improvement in lens techniques, fabrication technology, and data handling capacity. Much remains to do to expand its application to phytopathology, which would be in particular quite useful to improve crop growth monitoring in countries like Mali. An optical multimodal system for plant samples has been developed to improve the characterization of leaf disease symptoms, provide information on their effects, and avoid their spread. Potentially inexpensive components (laser, lens, turntables camera and sample, filter, lens, camera and computer) have been selected, assembled and aligned on an optical table into a multimodal system operating in transmission, reflection, diffusion and fluorescence. The illumination and observation angles can be adjusted to optimize viewing conditions in the four modes. This scientific contribution has been an initiation into the design and implementation of an optical instrument. Initial results are shown and will now be extended in cooperation with agronomic laboratories in African countries for tests on specific plant diseases in relation with prevailing climate conditions.

基于视觉注意机制分析的疏散照明设计方法研究

为改善城市夜间突发情况的人流疏散问题,本文将人的视觉注意机制融入到景观疏散照明设计过程中,基于人的视觉注意力分析,形成了景观疏散照明设计分析方法。在具体的设计流程中,导入TRIZ理论的“物质-场与标准解”问题分析与求解工具,将标准解转为可被景观疏散照明设计应用的设计依据,据此完成设计方案。将方案以VR虚拟仿真场景的方式应用于景观疏散照明设计仿真实验中,请专家用户利用VR设备进入场景对方案进行主观评价以此验证模型的可行性。可知具体的景观疏散照明设计与用户视觉注意机制能够形成匹配,关注用户的注意力可以提升人流疏散效率。

基于BIM技术与模拟退火算法的村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法

传统村镇住宅结构设计需要进行大量的人工试算与重复建模,而受制于建设成本,村镇住宅无法像城镇住宅一样通过设计师进行专业的结构设计与验算,其安全性与经济性均难以满足要求。为此,提出一种村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法,包括智能建模与智能优化两个环节。基于图层自动识别算法、光学字符识别技术、自适应分块算法提出村镇轻钢框架结构BIM智能建模方法,包括图层识别、轴文本数据提取、墙体轮廓提取等,智能建模结果基本满足实际工程要求。基于提出的两阶段模拟退火算法给出村镇轻钢框架结构的智能优化方法,优化速度较快,优化效果良好。通过实际工程案例对提出的智能设计方法进行验证,结果表明,提出的村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法具有可行性,与传统的人工设计方法相比,设计周期可缩短70%以上,材料用量、结构设计指标接近人工设计结果。

宜家产品数字化交互体验设计研究--以家具产品互动光影体验设计为例

随着智能科技的不断革新,宜家也开启了数字化转型发展,产品的数字化交互体验成为了转型发展中的重要目标任务,这给宜家家具产品在体验维度方面也带来了扩展与变化。通过分析相关用户行为数据与体验设计理论,结合宜家家具产品光影互动交互体验设计实践案例,分析了宜家产品数字化特性,探讨了构建宜家产品数字化体验的四个体验维度,对宜家产品数字化体验设计流程与方法进行了归纳总结,构建提出了宜家产品数字化交互体验特征维度模型,为宜家产品数字化体验转型提供了解决方法与路径。

氛围之上:北京上地·元中心景观设计创作复盘

【目的】气氛美学之于景观设计创作是一个当代命题,又可与中国传统意境美学互为参照,氛围设计逐渐发展成为一种需要不断建构和修正的景观理论。【方法/过程】以北京上地·元中心科技园景观从概念到落地呈现的设计创作为研究对象,重点解析其中最具代表性的“圆舞曲之庭”和“后工业基因城市绿带”两个重点部分的设计演进过程。【结果/结论】以实证回溯的方式复盘讨论了在本次设计实践中将“氛围”作为总体前置的景观设计控制方法的路径择取、空间应变和价值拓展。

Correlated Color Temperature Tunable Multi-chip Light Emitting Diodes Light Source Design

One of the methods to derive white light from light emitting diodes(LEDs)is the multi-chip white LED technology,which mixes the light from red,green and blue LEDs.Introduced is an optimal algorithm for the spectrum design of the multi-chip white LEDs in this paper.It optimizes the selection of single color LEDs and drive current controlling,so that the multi-chip white LED achieves the target correlated color temperature(CCT),as well as high luminous efficacy and good color rendering.A CCT tunable LED light source with four high-power LEDs is realized based on the above optimal design.Test results show that it maintains satisfactory color rendering and stable luminous efficacy across the whole CCT tuning range.Finally,discussed are the design improvement and the prospect of the future applications of the CCT tunable LED light source.

Design of patterned sapphire substrates for GaN-based light-emitting diodes

A new method for patterned sapphire substrate （PSS） design is developed and proven to be reliable and cost-effective. As progress is made with LEDs＇ luminous efficiency, the pattern units of PSS become more complicated, and the effect of complicated geometrical features is almost impossible to study systematically by experiments only. By employing our new method, the influence of pattern parameters can be systematically studied, and various novel patterns are designed and optimized within a reasonable time span, with great improvement in LEDs＇ light extraction efficiency （LEE）. Clearly, PSS pattern design with such a method deserves particular attention. We foresee that GaN-based LEDs on these newly designed PSSs will achieve more progress in the coming years.

基于可见光通信技术的互动式教学系统设计

阐述可见光通信技术的特点、系统发射端和接收端架构设计。通过实时互动性功能、多媒体资源传输的互动式教学功能设计,以及实践与测试、应用与展望,有效构建高效、稳定的互动式教学系统。

新型夹层结构研究进展

未来对重型运载火箭的需求日益迫切,在总载荷一定的情况下,携带货物重量提升,必定要降低火箭本体的重量,这就对现有的材料和结构提出了更高的要求。不以牺牲强度和功能性为代价,如何提升材料的有效载荷比成为重要挑战。目前最常见并且高效的方法,是通过设计和制备各种新型夹层结构,同时满足轻质、高强以及具备功能性的要求。本文总结了近些年来国内外夹层结构的研究进展,详细介绍了几种主要夹层结构的结构基础与特点,以及其各自的力学性能及多样的功能性,并提出了对我国夹层结构领域研究发展的建议。

凝胶渗透色谱-光散射联用表征聚合物摩尔质量的实验教学改革

凝胶渗透色谱-光散射(gel permeation chromatography-light scatting,GPC-LS)联用是目前最常用的表征聚合物摩尔质量的方法之一,具有灵敏度高、结果准确等特点,在科学研究与生产实践中得到了广泛应用。“凝胶渗透色谱-光散射联用表征聚合物摩尔质量”是《高分子物理实验》课程中一个重要的教学内容。然而,目前的GPC-LS实验教学内容简单,缺乏深度。本文在该实验项目原有内容的基础上进行扩充,重新设计出多套实验项目:(1)选取商品化的聚苯乙烯为实验样品,利用GPC-LS对其摩尔质量、摩尔质量分布以及回转半径等分子结构参数进行表征;(2)选取两种分子结构参数接近的聚丙烯腈样品,借助质量微分分布曲线揭示这两种样品在摩尔质量分布中的细微差别;(3)选取一系列不同摩尔质量的聚乙二醇为实验样品,通过比较其色谱图分析摩尔质量的高低对色谱峰的影响;(4)选取3种不同的聚合物(聚丙烯腈、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚β-环糊精)样品,借助构象图对其分子链的构象进行分析。此外,本文对实验教学方法进行了改革,将被动学习转变为主动学习,提高了学生的自主学习能力。通过本实验项目的教学改革探索,使学生能更加全面地理解凝胶渗透色谱-光散射联用的原理及应用,开拓了学生的知识视野,激发了学生的学习热情,提升了实验教学效果。

基于DIALux的飞机客舱照明设计方法

飞机客舱照明是飞机内部照明系统的重要组成部分,合理的客舱照明设计可以提高飞行服务质量、提升旅客满意度和舒适度。基于DIALux计算仿真软件,提出了一种飞机客舱照明设计方法。从旅行安全、视觉舒适度、高品质服务等角度出发,通过对平均照度、眩光、照度均匀度等多方面的量化评估、校核与分析,探讨并提出了具有创新性的飞机客舱的照明设计方法。基于此方法以某型号飞机客舱为研究对象建立光学仿真模型、进行视觉仿真计算,验证了该方法的可行性。

边界辅助监督的轻量化卫星部件语义分割网络

空间卫星部件的准确分割对于在轨对接及维修等具有重要意义,然而太空场景的特殊性导致卫星及其部件和太空背景的像素数量差异悬殊,同时不同部件在相邻区域难以区分.本文提出边界辅助监督的轻量化卫星部件语义分割网络(edge-auxiliary supervised components segmentation network,EASCSN),经过双分支结构提取多尺度特征和全局语义信息,并以级联形式将语义信息注入到空间特征中,采用多尺度特征聚合解码器处理编码器特征并完成部件分割.此外,为了提高网络边界感知能力,增加边界监督策略辅助训练.在公开数据集的定性与定量实验证明,本方法能在实时且轻量的前提下准确完成卫星部件语义分割,其中平均交并比达到74.74%,平均准确率达到80.99%,计算量和参数量仅为6.08GFLOPS(giga floating-point operations per second)和5.45M,在NVIDIA Tesla T4 GPU上分割速度能够达到43.29帧每秒.高效的卫星部件识别具有辅助感知目标卫星结构和完成空间任务的应用价值,并具备推广星上计算机的潜力.

基于差分进化算法的减速器齿轮参数优化设计

根据上海道路循环工况,利用载荷的随机连续性和20CrMnMo材料的低载强化特性进行减速器齿轮有限寿命的轻量化设计。基于线性损伤理论,分别计算编制载荷谱和连续载荷谱在低载强化效应下的疲劳损伤,将疲劳损伤约束在一定范围内为选取条件,以齿轮体积最小为优化目标,建立了齿轮有限寿命的轻量化优化模型,通过差分进化算法求解得到优化后的齿轮参数。实验结果表明,设计的模型可快速准确优化齿轮参数,在采用连续载荷谱和考虑低载强化效应时,优化的齿轮参数最小。优化的模型可移植性好,可直接迁移到其他变速系统零件的轻量化设计。