Evaluation of Fabric Pilling Using Light Projection and Image Analysis Techniques

A new instrument based on light projection and image analysis techniques for assessing fabric pilling is presented. This system can automatically detect the pills from the successive sections of the fabric surface, which can make up for the limitation of both the gray level image -analysis techniques and laser triangulab’on techniques. The test of a large number of worsted wool fabric samples shows that it can objectively characterize the degree of pilling by using fuzzy sets and has good accordance with human visual inspection.

Comparison of Low Stress Mechanical Properties of Light Weight Wool and Wool Blend Fabrics using the KES-F and FAST Instruments

This study compares the test results of the FAST (Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing) with those of the KES - F (Kawabata Evaluation Systems for Fabrics) for a range of nineteen light weight wool and wool blend fabrics in terms of the low - stress mechanical properties of bending, shear, and tensile deformation. It is found that there are very significant correlations between the corresponding parameters for extensibility and shear rigidity obtained from the test results of the two systems. The correlation between the values of bending rigidity obtained from the two systems is only moderate. Furthermore, for the fabrics tested in this study, the values of bending rigidity, shear rigidity, and extensibility measured using the KES - F instruments are higher than those of the corresponding parameters measured using the FAST instruments. The linear regression equation is given for each pair of corresponding parameter.

Image Analysis of Fabric Pilling Based on Light Projection

The objective assessment of fabric pilling based on light projection and image analysis has been exploited recently.The device for capturing the cross-sectional images of the pilled fabrics with light projection is elaborated.The detection of the profile line and integration of the sequential cross-sectional pilled image are discussed.The threshold based on Gaussian model is recommended for pill segmentation.The results show that the installed system is capable of eliminating the interference with pill information from the fabric color and pattern.

Principles and Chief Technologies in Developing Light-weighted Worsted Fabrics

More and more light-weighted fabrics are being required by the market, especially for the worsted manufacture.In the past, such fabrics are produced mainly through changing the structure of woven goods or by using finer yarns. But these possibilities are very limited. In this paper, new devices are discussed: (1) on the yarn level- to use single yarns instead of conventional doubled ones, to decrease number of fibers in yarn cross sections beth during spinning and after finishing; (2) on the fiber level - to use finer fibers in blends with wool and modification of the wool fibers; (3) on the macromolecule level - to stretch the macromolecules in alpha keratin, to get super fine wool fibers.

Effect of Commercial Synthappret BAP Treatment on the Tailorability of Light-Weight Worsted Wool Fabrics

By means of measurement with the FAST instruments,the effect of commercial Synthappret BAP treatment on the tailorability of light-weight wool worsted fabrics has been investigated. It was found that the commercial Synthappret BAP treatment improved the tailorability of the light-weight wool fabrics mainly by increasing the bending stiffness of the light-weight wool fabrics.

Prickle of Light-Weight Worsted Woven Wool Fabrics

Using the forearm test, the prickle of 26 commercially available light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics and 7 other fiber fabrics were studied under (24±1)℃ temperature and (65±5)% RH conditions. The surface fiber diameter of part of the wool fabrics was measured using a microscope. It was found that most of the light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics gave a prickle sensation under the above conditions. The prickle sensation was significantly correlated with the mean fiber diameter of the surface hairiness. It was also found that the prickle of the light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics was significantly correlated with the number of surface fibers which were coarser than 26 μm diameter.

Philosophical Approach to Space Fabric and Propagation of Light

First, the paper proposes that a cosmological entity such as a photon and a physical entity such as an electron belong to two different levels of the Universe. The cosmological entities do not have any physical parameters. Thus, several mysteries of quantum physics are still unresolved because both are considered in the same paradigm. This paper further estab-lishes that the spatial space (medium of propagation) is a fabric made of different cosmo-logical substances. It explains how the space fabric plays an important role in creating dif-ferent cosmic phenomena such as gravitation, repulsion, cosmic inflation, and other mys-teries. This spatial space fabric accepts the electromagnetic wave by way of physical time, creating a spacetime continuum. Next, the paper proposes a new vision that explains how an electromagnetic wave transports photons from an emitter to a receiver with a constant velocity by outlining a new paradigm of time and space and precisely treating photons as cosmological substances. This vision explains how the second postulate of Einstein’s special theory of relativity remains valid even if the time dilation due to velocity is not a reality. The correctness of the approach is validated through the results obtained from previous well-known experiments.

Design and Modeling of a Flexible Conductive Fabric Antenna Integrated in an OLED Light Source for WIMAX Wireless Communication Systems

This work presents a new bendable antenna for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) wireless communication systems. These antennas, transparent and flexible, will be easily integrated into various mdia and in particular OLED lighting which could be part of the public lighting network of tomorrow as well as on all display media. The integration of these antennas as close as possible to the end-user is a possible solution to reduce the energy consumption which goes hand in hand with the increase in the data rate. This kind of new antenna, designed to be integrated in organic light-emitting diode (OLED), was modeled from a transparent VeilShieldTM conductive fabric and was placed on a 100% polyester substrate with a thickness of 1.5 mm and a loss tangent of 0.02. We have tested and evaluated the characteristic parameters of our antenna, namely the reflection coefficient, the radiation pattern and the gain, to find out the performance of our proposed design. The performance of the transparent conductive fabric integrated in the 100% polyester substrate is tested for the application of flexible antenna operating at 3.5 GHz with a gain value of 5.38 dB. We have integrated this proposed new antenna with the OLED light source containing four layers of different materials and electrical properties: aluminum cathode layer, polymer layer, indium tin oxide (ITO) anode layer and glass substrate layer. After integration, the resonant frequency shifted to 3.52 GHz with a gain value of 4.61 dB. In addition, we also tested the concave bending on the reflection coefficient of the proposed flexible antenna taking into account the different bending angles. This work demonstrates the possibility of integrating these unconventional materials used for the proposed antenna within the OLED despite weak effects on the resonant frequency and the gain of the proposed antenna after integration.

基于纽介堡方程的色纺织物颜色预测

色纺织物由多种色纤维混合织造,其颜色预测过程复杂,基于格拉斯曼色光混合理论和印刷网点的纽介堡方程,建立了便于计算的颜色预测模型。预测过程分2种情况讨论,一种是取决于表面一层色纤维,另一种是取决于最上面2层纤维相互作用。当考虑最上面2层纤维相互叠加时,相互堆叠简化为与同色堆叠或与两色堆叠。根据不同方式各自建立颜色预测模型,选出预测色差最小的模型并对其优化。结果表明:当以色纺织物最上面2层纤维堆叠组成的色元对混色织物颜色预测时,2层纤维组分不同,认为堆叠顺序对该色元颜色值无影响建立的模型预测色差最小,且对该模型中各色元占比面积系数进行一阶线性回归修正后能较好地用于色纺织物表面颜色值的预测。

紫外光对不同埋藏环境丝织品的劣化影响研究

利用扫描电镜、傅立叶红外、热重分析、氨基酸分析等现代分析技术对紫外光照下模拟不同埋藏环境丝织品的劣化差异进行探究,结果表明:紫外光照射使丝织品表面产生脆性断口、黄度值增加、断裂强力下降、无规卷曲/β-折叠含量比值上升、热最大分解速率温度下降,酪氨酸、大侧基氨基酸的含量减少。紫外光对不同埋藏环境丝织品的劣化影响各不一样,其中对有氧埋藏环境和碱埋藏环境丝织品的破坏更严重。因此博物馆馆藏丝织品保存条件的选择应当根据埋藏环境差异进行细化,对有氧环境和碱环境出土丝织品要格外注意紫外光防护。此外,丝织品的热最大分解速率温度的下降与紫外光照射时间呈线性关系,可以用于量化评估丝织品的劣化程度。

异色夹纬真丝交织装饰织物的光透射特性

为研究真丝交织装饰织物夹纬颜色对装饰织物透射光的影响,采用多层组织结构试织9种异色夹纬真丝交织织物;借助Digieye数码测色系统和分光光度计,分析在可见光波段内夹纬颜色与织物透射光的关系;通过色温和显色性能研究多层织物中夹纬颜色对光透射特性的影响。结果表明:真丝交织织物遮光率的范围在75.98%~97.72%,织物遮光率会随着夹纬明度的降低而增大;改变夹纬颜色可以有效控制透射光色温的高低,提供不同的冷暖色调;当夹纬的颜色为白色、黑色时,织物透射光的色饱和度与参照照明体相似且显色性能最好,而其他夹纬颜色织物的透射光能够呈现不同的色饱和度与显色性能。研究结果能够为开发具有不同透光率和营造不同居家氛围的装饰织物提供理论参考。

蓄光织物的性能及应用

介绍了蓄光织物用发光材料及纤维的发展,总结当前蓄光织物的不同性能,着重叙述发光性能的影响因素,分析蓄光织物在服装等领域的市场和应用现状。研究得出,蓄光织物安全无毒,节省能源,环保可回收,附加值高,服用性能良好,应用领域广泛;但同时存在发光材料和纤维颜色不够丰富,发光亮度较低,服装市场受限等问题。分析认为,未来可以提升蓄光型发光材料和纤维的制备技术,着重研究夜光服装的热湿舒适性,并针对不同需求进行产品设计。

磨毛织物与轻起绒织物的鉴别及优化措施

在日常生活中,磨毛织物和轻起绒织物具有相似之处,容易混淆,特别是对非专业人士而言。因此,文章概述了磨毛织物与轻起绒织物的特点及工艺,分析了磨毛织物与轻起绒织物的鉴别技术,并针对当前鉴别技术的局限性提出了一系列优化措施,为磨毛织物与轻起绒织物的高效、智能化鉴别提供了技术方案参考。

结构参数对不锈钢织物透光与电磁屏蔽的影响

为实现不锈钢织物高透明与强电磁屏蔽性能相兼容的目标,文章采用数值计算与理论分析相结合的方法,在分析不锈钢织物主要结构参数(线径与线距)对其透光与电磁屏蔽性能影响的基础上,引入TOPSIS评价方法,探讨了线径与线距对不锈钢织物光学与电磁学综合性能的影响。结果表明,由于电磁衍射的存在,结构参数对透光与电磁屏蔽性能的影响呈现非线性规律。其中,不锈钢织物的线距变化对总体性能的影响最为密切。当线径在0.02~0.05 mm且线距在0.4~1.0 mm时,不锈钢织物在90%高透光率的前提下,可达到至少30 dB的屏蔽效能,为高透光电磁屏蔽材料的结构设计提供了理论指导。

蓄光纤维针织面料的开发与性能研究

为探究蓄光纤维针织面料的最优配置和综合性能,选择两种蓄光纱线、线圈长度和组织结构,设计三因素两水平正交试验,测试并分析4种蓄光纤维针织物的蓄光性能、耐水洗性能、拉伸性能、耐磨性、吸湿性、导湿性和透气性,采用模糊综合评价法对织物的综合性能进行评价。结果表明:设计面料的蓄光性能和服用性能良好,可用于蓄光纤维针织面料的开发;当纱线种类为28 tex×2纯涤纶夜光纱,线圈长度为10.4 mm,组织结构为1+1罗纹组织时,织物的综合性能最优,该研究结果为今后的相关研究提供了一定的参考。

改进YOLOv8的织物疵点检测算法

针对传统织物疵点检测方法耗时耗力,主流检测模型速度慢或精度低的问题,改进了YOLOv8模型,旨在提高织物疵点检测的性能。选择性注意力模块(LSKBlock)融入YOLOv8主干网络,使模型自动学习并决定哪些信息值得关注与处理,优化模型对相关信息的处理效果;在颈部将卷积层替换为可变形卷积(DCN),加强网络感知目标形变的能力,进一步提升网络的特征提取和定位能力;另外通过设计一种轻量型范式(Slimneck),提高模型精度并降低复杂度。在TILDA和织物疵点数据集上进行性能评估,结果显示,改进的YOLOv8模型在两个数据集上的mAP分别达到88.6%和92.7%,相较原模型提高了4.1和4.0个百分点,且检测速度满足实际生产中的要求。

环保功能性特殊风格面料的开发

总结环保功能性特殊风格面料的创新点以及生产要点。探究原纱捻度、退浆工艺、水洗工艺、水洗烘干方式以及定形工艺等,生产具有轻薄感、透视感和微皱风格外观的面料。

An Apparatus for Assessing Lustre of Fabrics

Luster is one of the main factors in assessing fabric appearance. There are many different ways to definite and describe the luster, which result in disorder and discommodious in evaluation. Based on previous work, an apparatus suited for the measure of lustre is developed. Which performed measure the reflection distribution of fabrics automatically. Then the objective judgment can be given by the geniophotometric curve. Finally taking several kind of specimens for example give the results to prove the effectiveness of the device.

异形网点结构提花织物设计及其灰度仿真特性

为解决基于网点图像的色彩仿真提花织物网点形状局限于简单几何形问题,提出一种异形网点库设计方法。以排列角度、单位网点的大小、网点形状及其生成路径为设计要素,创建异形网点库并设计织造织物色卡和灰度仿真提花织物,同时设计相应的影光组织织物色卡和提花织物作为对比样。对织物色卡进行测色,以及对提花织物图像明度数据完成了分区统计。结果表明:异形网点织物较影光组织织物具有更稳定的灰度仿真性能;网点形状的饱满程度是调节异形网点提花织物灰度仿真效果的关键因素。异形网点库的设计与应用,在提升单层黑白提花织物灰度仿真稳定性的同时,增添了提花织物的设计趣味性。

反应型阻燃剂丙烯基磷酸二甲酯的合成及紫外光辐照接枝棉织物

以亚磷酸二甲酯和3-溴丙烯为原料,制备了反应型阻燃剂丙烯基磷酸二甲酯(DA)。利用N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)交联剂,以安息香双甲醚为光引发剂,在365 nm紫外光照射下,引发DA接枝到棉织物上,对棉织物进行阻燃整理。研究DA和MBA的质量浓度对棉织物阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:棉织物阻燃性能随DA和MBA质量浓度的增加而提高,棉织物极限氧指数(LOI)可达27.2%,续燃时间和阴燃时间均为0 s,经20次洗涤后,LOI仍达24.5%。整理后棉织物具有更好的热稳定性能,阻燃整理对棉织物的拉伸性能无显著影响。