Hydrogen Production via Hydrolysis and Alcoholysis of Light Metal-Based Materials:A Review

As an environmentally friendly and high-density energy carrier,hydrogen has been recognized as one of the ideal alternatives for fossil fuels.One of the major challenges faced by“hydrogen economy”is the development of efficient,low-cost,safe and selective hydrogen generation from chemical storage materials.In this review,we summarize the recent advances in hydrogen production via hydrolysis and alcoholysis of light-metal-based materials,such as borohydrides,Mg-based and Al-based materials,and the highly efficient regeneration of borohydrides.Unfortunately,most of these hydrolysable materials are still plagued by sluggish kinetics and low hydrogen yield.While a number of strategies including catalysis,alloying,solution modification,and ball milling have been developed to overcome these drawbacks,the high costs required for the“one-pass”utilization of hydrolysis/alcoholysis systems have ultimately made these techniques almost impossible for practical large-scale applications.Therefore,it is imperative to develop low-cost material systems based on abundant resources and effective recycling technologies of spent fuels for efficient transport,production and storage of hydrogen in a fuel cell-based hydrogen economy.

Photodetecting and light-emitting devices based on two-dimensional materials

Two-dimensional （2D） materials, e.g., graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides （TMDs）, and black phosphorus （BP）, have demonstrated fascinating electrical and optical characteristics and exhibited great potential in optoelectronic applications. High-performance and multifunctional devices were achieved by employing diverse designs, such as hybrid systems with nanostructured materials, bulk semiconductors and organics, forming 2D heterostructures. In this review, we mainly discuss the recent progress of 2D materials in high-responsive photodetectors, light-emitting devices and single photon emitters. Hybrid systems and van der Waals heterostructure-based devices are emphasized, which exhibit great potential in state-of-the-art applications.

The New Technology of Composite Materials Repairing by Light Wave

The repairing of damaged composite materials becomes a hot research subject in the late 1990s.In this paper a new technology of repairing composite materials is given on the basis of our previous research.The light wave of 675nm transmitted by optical fiber is used as repairing light source,special repairable adhesive which can be stimulated by the light is adopted.By comparing the stiffness of the composite material before and after being damaged,it can be concluded that the mechanical property will not be changed with the feasible repairing technology.

Low insertion loss silicon-based spatial light modulator with high reflective materials outside Fabry–Perot cavity

The extinction ratio and insertion loss of spatial light modulator are subject to the material problem, thus limiting its applications. One reflection-type silicon-based spatial light modulator with high reflective materials outside the Fabry-Perot cavity is demonstrated in this paper. The reflectivity values of the outside-cavity materials with different film layer numbers are simulated. The reflectivity values of 6-pair Ta2O5/SiO2 films at 1550 nm are experimentally verified to be as high as 99.9%. The surfaces of 6-pair Ta2O5/SiO2 films are smooth: their root-mean-square roughness values are as small as 0.53 nm. The insertion loss of the device at 1550 nm is only 1.2 dB. The high extinction ratio of the device at 1550 nm and 11 V is achieved to be 29.7 dB. The spatial light modulator has a high extinction ratio and low insertion loss for applications.

Time Dependent Surface Heat Transfer in Light Weight Aggregate Cement Based Materials

Surface temperature changes of building materials affect the calculation of heat flow and thus the energy use in heating and cooling. The surface heat transfer coefficient , limiting the heat flow between material surface and ambient air is normally taken as a constant. In this study we propose a time-dependent function . We estimate from unidirectional heat flow experiments with transient and steady-state conditions. Using temperature measurements and the conservation of energy at the surface including convective and irradiative boundary conditions, the value of was obtained both using Finite Difference and Taylor Polynomials methods. Numerical solutions of temperature distribution as function of time were improved with the obtained -functions compared to with constant . There were no clear difference between on different materials, and the final values observed were in the order of magnitude expected from the literature.

A study on light-aging resistance of instrument panel materials and bumper materials on the automobile

The light-aging test method commonly used in the automotive industry is utilized to carry out light- aging research on automotive instrument panel （IP） materials and bumper materials. On one hand, the impacts of common light-aging test methods on aging degree of automotive component materials are reviewed; on the other hand, the light-aging resistances of different component materials are compared. The results show that, for light-aging behavior of IP materials, the aging degree of the third test method is not severer than that of the second method, but it is severer than that of the first method. The light-aging resistance of IP material A is al- most the same as that of IP material B. With reference to light-aging behavior of bumper materials, the aging de- gree of three common test methods indicates that the aging degree of the sixth test method is not severer than that of the fourth method, but it is severer than that of the fifth method. The light-aging resistance of bumper material D is superior to that of bumper material C.

Light–matter interaction of 2D materials:Physics and device applications

In the last decade, the rise of two-dimensional （2D） materials has attracted a tremendous amount of interest for the entire field of photonics and opto-electronics. The mechanism of light-matter interaction in 2D materials challenges the knowledge of materials physics, which drives the rapid development of materials synthesis and device applications. 2D materials coupled with plasmonic effects show impressive optical characteristics, involving efficient charge transfer, plas- monic hot electrons doping, enhanced light-emitting, and ultrasensitive photodetection. Here, we briefly review the recent remarkable progress of 2D materials, mainly on graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, focusing on their tunable optical properties and improved opto-electronic devices with plasmonic effects. The mechanism of plasmon enhanced light-matter interaction in 2D materials is elaborated in detail, and the state-of-the-art of device applications is compre- hensively described. In the future, the field of 2D materials holds great promise as an important platform for materials science and opto-electronic engineering, enabling an emerging interdisciplinary research field spanning from clean energy to information technology.

Evaluating Acid Resistance Effect of Fluoride-Releasing Dental Materials Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence-Digital in Vitro

As erosion has become one of the serious oral health problems, some fluoride-releasing dental materials have been developed to protect enamel from demineralization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antidemineralization effect of PRG Barrier Coat® and FujiVII® (fluoride-releasing dental materials). Four square windows measuring 1 mm2 were prepared on the labial enamel surface of each bovine tooth using masking tape and nail varnish. The first and second windows were half covered by fluoride-releasing material and control material, respectively, whereas the third and fourth windows were left untreated. All windows were immersed into 0.1 M lactic acid and 6wt% CM-cellulose (pH 4.5) at 38℃ for 21 days. Subsequently, the first and second windows were covered with nail varnish after removal of the materials, and the third and fourth windows were immersed into ultrapure water at 38℃ for 28 days after being half covered with fluoride-releasing and control materials, respectively. The following procedure was performed separately during evaluations of the fluoride-releasing materials, PRG Barrier Coat, and FujiVII®, using eight and six bovine teeth, respectively. The first, second, third, and fourth windows were classified into DM-PRG;Demineralized-PRG or DM-FujiVII;Demineralized-FujiVII, DM-TCM;Demineralized-traditional cement or DM-TGIC;De-mineralized-traditional glass ionomer cement, RM-PRG;Remineralized-PRG or RM-FujiVII;Re-mineralized-FujiVII, and RM-TCM;Remineralized- traditional cement or RM-TGIC;Remineral-ized-traditional glass ionomer cement, respectively. After nail varnish was removed, △Q values (mean ± SD) of the windows were measured using QLF-D and were compared between DM-PRG and DM-TCM, RM-PRG and RM-TCM, DM-FujiVII and DM-TGIC, and RM-FujiVII and RM-TGIC groups. △Q values of RM-PRG (-60 ± 44) and RM-FujiVII (-5.0 ± 10) were significantly higher than that of RM-TCM (-315 ± 193) and RM-TGIC (-56 ± 43), respectively. The fluoride releasing materials provided remineralization effects to bovine enamel.

Rational Design of Star-shaped Molecules with Benzene Core and Naphthalimide Derivatives End Groups as Organic Light-emitting Materials

A series of star-shaped molecules with benzene core and naphthalimides derivatives end groups have been designed to explore their optical,electronic,and charge transport properties as charge transport and/or luminescent materials for organic light-emitting diodes（OLEDs）. The frontier molecular orbitals（FMOs） analysis has turned out that the vertical electronic transitions of absorption and emission are characterized as intramolecular charge transfer（ICT）. The calculated results show that the optical and electronic properties of star-shaped molecules are affected by the substituent groups in N-position of 1,8-naphthalimide ring. Our results suggest that star-shaped molecules with n-butyl（1）,benzene（2）,thiophene（3）,thiophene S？,S？-dioxide（4）,benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole（5）,and 2,7a-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole（6） fragments are expected to be promising candidates for luminescent and electron transport materials for OLEDs. This study should be helpful in further theoretical investigations on such kind of systems and also to the experimental study for charge transport and/or luminescent materials for OLEDs.

Preparation of Ultra-light Xonotlite Thermal Insulation Material Using Carbide Slag

Using carbide slag as the calcareous materials, xonotlite thermal insulation material was successfully prepared via dynamic hydrothermal synthesis. The experimental results show that the xonotlite thermal insulation material is made up of large numbers of ＂chestnut bur shape＂ particles. Optimum conditions of calcination temperature of carbide slag, synthesis reaction temperature and time, stirring rate, CaO/SiO2 mol ratio, water/solid weight ratio, amount of fiberglass, molding pressures, dryness temperatures and the presence of dispersant （glycol and polyvinyl alcohol） favor the preparation of xonotlite thermal insulation material. The evaluation of xonotlite thermal insulation material reveals that the product is ultra-light and excellent in physical performances. Such a little amount of impurities in carbide slag has no effect on the phase, morphology, stability at high temperature and physical performances of products.

Defence technology: Special issue on “composite materials in defence technology”

In recent years,composite materials have been used in many industries such as in automotive,aerospace,telecommunication,marine,furniture,construction and defence.Body amour and tank spall liners are examples of the use of composites in defence industry.Composites have many different attributes that are unique over conventional materials like metals,polymers and ceramics.Those attributes include light weight,high specific stiffness and strength properties,corrosion resistance,aesthetically pleasing and ease of fabrication.Advanced composites such as aramid and carbon fibre polymer composites,metal matrix composites,ceramic matrix composites,and nanocomposites are among material contenders in defence technology applications requiring excellent structural integrity.Composites are also used in some non-structural applications in selected components utilising the low cost advantage of glass fibre and natural fibre composites.

An efficient method and system for simultaneously measuring the performance of vast scintillating materials

A method and system for automatically and simultaneously measuring the light output of multiple scintillators,or each scintillating unit of an array,were developed.Using a large area flat panel PSPMT H8500,the light output and energy resolution were obtained automatically by comparing with reference scintillators or array using an Energy Table,Look-up Table and energy spectrum data.The aim of developing an efficient performance evaluation of scintillators was achieved.Using the method,a scintillator performance testing system was set up and six LYSO crystals and a 3×3 LYSO array were measured.The results showed that the light output and energy resolution were accurately measured automatically.The deviation of repeat measurements for the same sample was not more than 2%,and the nonlinear deviation of the system was not more than 3%.The system is suitable for measuring the performance of crystals,especially where the mass measurement of crystals and arrays is required.

Study on preparation and application performance of blue sky rare earth light storage and emission material

Under reduction atmosphere, a blue sky rare earth silicate light storage and emission material was prepared by high temperature solid phase synthesis. The best constituent ratio of this material was determined through orthogonal experiment, and its excitation and emission spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns were measured. And a comparative study was conducted on its application properties.

轻质高绝缘复合芯体制备及其在66 kV复合横担中的应用

随着“双碳”战略的逐步落实,新型复合材料横担正逐步代替铁制横担,在电力线路中的应用日益广泛。文中制备得到密度为1.1 g/cm^(3)的66 kV轻质高绝缘复合绝缘横担,并对其进行吸水率、染料渗透、水扩散泄漏电流、击穿强度、热诱导、机械及电气试验。试验结果表明:填充芯体材料样品的质量吸水率为0.141%,水扩散泄漏电流小于103.3μA,交流击穿强度大于71 kV/cm,各项性能指标均达到DL/T 1580—2016棒形复合绝缘子用芯棒技术规范对于理化性能、电气性能及机械性能的标准要求,样品及横担整体无明显缺陷,横担耐老化性较好。同时,轻质高绝缘复合绝缘横担微观界面结合良好,绝缘性能优于传统实心横担,满足新型电力系统清洁低碳、安全可靠的应用需求。

基于视觉注意机制分析的疏散照明设计方法研究

为改善城市夜间突发情况的人流疏散问题,本文将人的视觉注意机制融入到景观疏散照明设计过程中,基于人的视觉注意力分析,形成了景观疏散照明设计分析方法。在具体的设计流程中,导入TRIZ理论的“物质-场与标准解”问题分析与求解工具,将标准解转为可被景观疏散照明设计应用的设计依据,据此完成设计方案。将方案以VR虚拟仿真场景的方式应用于景观疏散照明设计仿真实验中,请专家用户利用VR设备进入场景对方案进行主观评价以此验证模型的可行性。可知具体的景观疏散照明设计与用户视觉注意机制能够形成匹配,关注用户的注意力可以提升人流疏散效率。

动态光散射测量仪粒度标准物质的研制

【目的】解决国内尚缺动态光散射测量法专用粒度标准物质的问题。【方法】采用微乳液聚合法合成标称粒径为40、80 nm的态光散射粒度标准物质,标准物质编号分别是QBW12001和GBW12011b;采用动态光散射多家定值法测定2种粒度标准物质的散射光强调和平均粒径,定值结果溯源至动态光散射法(ISO 22412:2017)。【结果】合成的2种粒度标准物质均匀且稳定,散射光强调和平均粒径分别为(40.0±0.5)、(80±2)nm。【结论】不同厂家生产的激光粒度仪测的散射光强度调和平均粒径一致性最好;散射光强度平均粒径一致性较好;体积平均粒径一致性较差;颗粒数目平均粒径一致性最差。

低品位蓝晶石制备锂离子电池窑炉用莫来石轻质隔热材料

为实现对低品位蓝晶石的综合利用,以低品位蓝晶石、α-Al_(2)O_(3)微粉和黏土为主要原料,在10 MPa下机压成型,分别经1450和1500℃保温3 h热处理,通过燃尽物法制备了莫来石轻质隔热材料。研究了黏土加入量(加入质量分数分别为5%、10%、15%、20%)和热处理温度(1450、1500℃)对试样体积密度、显气孔率、常温耐压强度、热导率以及抗锂离子电池正极材料侵蚀性能和显微结构的影响。结果表明:黏土的引入促进了试样的致密化和莫来石化反应,提高了试样体积密度、热导率和强度,添加20%(w)黏土的试样经1450℃烧后物理性能最佳,其体积密度为0.88 g·cm^(-3),常温耐压强度为21.0 MPa,热导率为0.25 W·(m·K)^(-1);当热处理温度为1450℃,黏土加入量为10%(w)时,试样具有较好的抗锂离子电池正极材料侵蚀性能。

pH/近红外光双响应卡培他滨智能印迹材料的制备及药物释放研究

以广谱抗癌药物卡培他滨(capecitabine,CAP)为模板,上转换纳米粒子为载体,3,5-二羧基-4-甲基丙烯酸酯偶氮苯和丙烯酸官能化明胶为双官能单体,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用表面聚合及分子印迹技术制备了具有pH值/近红外光双响应性能的纳米智能药物载体CAP-MIP(capecitabine-imprinted polymers)。实验结果表明,CAP-MIP不仅具有较好的载药活性(吸附容量7.00 mg/g),而且还具有良好的吸附选择性(CAP选择性因子α为2.904)。当介质pH分别为1.2、6.8和8.3时,CAP的最大累积释放率分别为1.71%、41.84%和89.54%,药物释放的平衡时间分别为40 min、180 min和420 min。当介质pH为6.8,且伴有近红外光(λ=980 nm)照射时,目标材料仅180 min就能使CAP达到最大累积释放率96.21%。此外,CAP-MIP还具有良好的稳定性,经过7次吸附-解吸循环后,CAP-MIP载药量损失率仅为8.29%。

用于水性车漆的受阻胺光稳定剂的合成及性能

设计、合成了一种受阻胺光稳定剂(HALS)TM-3。首先,三聚氯氰和N-丁基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶胺通过亲核取代反应合成了N-丁基-4,6-二氯-N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2-胺(中间体Ⅰ);中间体Ⅰ再与N,N-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,6-己二胺反应生成了N2,N2'-(己烷-1,6-二基)双[N4-丁基-6-氯-N2,N4-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺](中间体Ⅱ);最后,中间体Ⅱ水解生成目标化合物6,6'-{己烷-1,6-二基双[(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)氮二基]}双{4-[丁基(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)氨基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2-醇}(TM-3)。采用1HNMR、13CNMR、HRMS表征了TM-3的结构,通过UV-Vis、TGA考察了其性能,比较了TM-3和双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯(HALS770)在汽车清漆涂料中的光稳定性。结果表明,TM-3在210 nm处具有强烈的UV-Vis吸收;热稳定性能良好,在400℃以前能保持热稳定,可以耐受较高的温度;TM-3在含水的有机溶剂中比HALS770具有更好的溶解性。加入TM-3的样品(样品4)在模拟紫外光照射800 h后色差为6.01,光泽损失率为4.6%;而加入HALS770的样品(样品5)色差达到6.72,光泽损失率为6.7%,说明TM-3的光稳定优于HALS770。