[ Objective ] The paper aimed to study effects of continuous light on rhythm of Apodemus agrarius. [ Method ] The changes in rhythm of A. agrarius activities were observed under natural light and 24 h continuous light...[ Objective ] The paper aimed to study effects of continuous light on rhythm of Apodemus agrarius. [ Method ] The changes in rhythm of A. agrarius activities were observed under natural light and 24 h continuous light condition. [ Result] A. agrarius activated at daytime and night, but the activity time at night was longer than that at daytime, and the peak period of activity also occurred at night. When exposed to natural light, the activity time, feeding time and drinking time ofA. agrarius were （27 870±5 252）s, （6 171 ± 1 529）s and （474 ±92） s, respectively; when exposed to 24 continuous light, the activity time, feeding time and drinking time of A. agrarius were （ 19 935 ±2 971 ） s, （5 870 ± 1 988 ） s and （331 ± 117 ） s, respectively. [ Conclusion ] The activity time of A. agraritas changed significantly under two different light conditions, while feeding time and drinking time had little changes.展开更多
Objective: ADHD is characterized by the progressive development of, impulsiveness, attentional difficulties and sometimes also excessive hyperactivity. Main biological reason is a quantitative reduction of the neurotr...Objective: ADHD is characterized by the progressive development of, impulsiveness, attentional difficulties and sometimes also excessive hyperactivity. Main biological reason is a quantitative reduction of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the forebrain. A lack of dopamine is also typical for depressive disorders. Methods: Bright light therapy is proven to be effective in treating depression. Purpose of our study is to verify the therapeutic effectiveness of Bright light therapy in subjects affected by ADHD. Results: Results show a significant improvement which lasts for at least 4 weeks, which is superposed by regulation of the circadian rhythm. Initial decrease of especially morning saliva melatonin levels, due to regular sleep under in-patient conditions, is followed by symptom improvement and a raising evening melatonin level, due to activation during the day. This level decreases as soon as activation is ceased. Conclusion: Bright light therapy seems to be effective as add-on therapy for ADHD, but in fact, stabilization of the circadian rhythm is the most important therapeutic intervention, either for ADHD or for depression, as demonstrated in another study.展开更多
Sleep-wake rhythm disturbances,which are characterized by abnormal sleep timing or duration,are associated with cognitive dysfunction.Photoacoustic treatments including light and sound stimulation have been found to b...Sleep-wake rhythm disturbances,which are characterized by abnormal sleep timing or duration,are associated with cognitive dysfunction.Photoacoustic treatments including light and sound stimulation have been found to be effective in modulating sleep patterns and improving cognitive behavior in abnormal sleep-wake pattern experiments.In this study,we examined whether light and sound interventions could reduce sleep-wake pattern disturbances and memory deficits in a sleep rhythm disturbance model.We established a model of sleep rhythm disturbance in C57 BL/6 J mice via a sleep deprivation method involving manual cage tapping,cage jostling,and nest disturbance.We used a Mini Mitter radio transmitter device to monitor motor activity in the mice and fear conditioning tests to assess cognitive function.Our results indicated that an intervention in which the mice were exposed to blue light(40-Hz flickering frequency)for 1 hour during their subjective daytime significantly improved the 24-hour-acrophase shift and reduced the degree of memory deficit induced by sleep deprivation.However,interventions in which the mice were exposed to a 40-Hz blue light at offset time or subjective night time points,as well as 2 Hz-blue light at 3 intervention time points(subjective day time,subjective night time,and offset time points),had no positive effects on circadian rhythm shift or memory deficits.Additionally,a 2000-Hz sound intervention during subjective day time attenuated the24-hour-acrophase shift and memory decline,while 440-Hz and 4000-Hz sounds had no effect on circadian rhythms.Overall,these results demonstrate that photoacoustic treatment effectively corrected abnormal sleep-wake patterns and cognitive dysfunction associated with sleep-deprivation-induced disturbances in sleep-wake rhythm.All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Nanjing University,China(approval No.20171102)on November20,2017.展开更多
Many organisms have evolved an approximately 24-hour circadian rhythm that allows them to achieve internal physiological homeostasis with external environment.Suprachiasmatic nucleus（SCN） is the central pacemaker of...Many organisms have evolved an approximately 24-hour circadian rhythm that allows them to achieve internal physiological homeostasis with external environment.Suprachiasmatic nucleus（SCN） is the central pacemaker of circadian rhythm,and its activity is entrained to the external light-dark cycle.The SCN controls circadian rhythm through regulating the synthesis of melatonin by pineal gland via a multisynaptic pathway.Light,especially shortwavelength blue light,is the most potent environmental time cue in circadian photoentrainment.Recently,the discovery of a novel type of retinal photoreceptors,intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells,sheds light on the mechanism of circadian photoentrainment and raises concerns about the effect of ocular diseases on circadian system.With age,light transmittance is significantly decreased due to the aging of crystalline lens,thus possibly resulting in progressive loss of circadian photoreception.In the current review,we summarize the circadian physiology,highlight the important role of light in circadian rhythm regulation,discuss about the correlation between age-related cataract and sleep disorders,and compare the effect of blue light-filtering intraocular lenses（lOLs） and ultraviolet only filtering lOLs on circadian rhythm.展开更多
Since Adrian and Metthew [1], light may be considered the dominant stimulus for the brain. This statement is confirmed after the discovery of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that regulates the master biological cloc...Since Adrian and Metthew [1], light may be considered the dominant stimulus for the brain. This statement is confirmed after the discovery of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that regulates the master biological clock [2]. In 1998 the discovery of photopigment melanopsin in the ganglion cells of the retina, give new insight in the importance of the light in the pathophysiology of the brain [3]. We have studied the effect of flashing at 10 Hz with LED light of different wavelength on the response of the alpha system. We have shown that this response, consistent with the drive of the frequency and the augmentation of the voltage of the alpha rhythms, is far more significant with the RED-LED than GREEN-LED or BLUE-LED or WHITE-LED (three-chrome) light flashing. We stem the hypothesis that the amplitude increase and phase reset of the alpha waves produced by RED-LED flashing at 10 Hz may be due either to photobiomodulation on the cytochromo c oxidase [4,5] and/or of the photopigment melanopsin, at the level of the retinal ganglion cells, that reinforce the incoming cone-LHC signal and therefore the projection to the SCN [6] or to reinforcement of postsynaptic short term responsiveness, in retinal cone-LHC synapse, due to repetitive stimulation [7,8] or both. We may speculate that the increase of amplitude and phase reset of alpha rhythms, due to flashing at 10 Hz, is primarily modulated in the retina.展开更多
Under artificial LD cycles （6, 12, 18 L）, the elvers of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, showed a 24 h cycle of locomotor activity rhythm being most active at light transitions ： the eels＇ activity rose to a prima...Under artificial LD cycles （6, 12, 18 L）, the elvers of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, showed a 24 h cycle of locomotor activity rhythm being most active at light transitions ： the eels＇ activity rose to a primary peak after lights-off, followed by a quiescent period during which they buried into the shelters or lying motionlessly on sand for most of the time, and then reached a secondary peak before lights-on. Elvers could resynchronize their activity rhythm with a new photo cycle within 4 d. Moreover, their activity level at dark phase significantly increased as the light period was prolonged ： higher activity levels during shorter dark period. However, the elvers did not display clearly the existence of a circadian rhythm under constant light or dark conditions. The timing of daily activity rhythm evidenced in the Japanese eels may occur through the action of the LD cycles with a weak participation of an endogenous circadian system. In all the LD cycles, over 99% of the activity occurred in the dark phase, indicating that the eels were always nocturnally active no matter what time of day it might be. Under 12 L conditions, the eels＇ activity level and the time outside sand were significantly elevated both at light and dark phases as temperature increased from 10 - 15 to 20 - 25 ℃. The activity rhythm pattern （ i. e. , two peaks occurring around light transitions） did not apparently change among temperatures. However, in contrast with the primary activity peaks immediately after lights-off at 20 and 25 ℃, the timing of the primary peaks at 10 and 15 ℃ showed a latency of a few hours following lights-off, indicating the inhibiting effect of low temperature on the eels＇ activity.展开更多
Background: Most healthcare settings are lit by a combination of daylight entering through windows, skylights and electric-light sources. It is important to understand how these two types of light sources differ to un...Background: Most healthcare settings are lit by a combination of daylight entering through windows, skylights and electric-light sources. It is important to understand how these two types of light sources differ to understand their relative impacts on human health and performance. It is found important to have a starting point in healing architecture and create an environment with knowledge of users sensory and functionally needs and looks at how hospital wards can support patients’ experience or maybe even have a positive influence on the recovery process. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to evaluate the impact of light on the quality of healthcare services was conducted. Several databases were systematically searched and evaluated. Results: Majority of the studies showed that distributions of light within a space in hospitals could substantially influence the health as well as perception of people within it. The study showed that in a multi-function and diverse habitant environment such as hospital treatment rooms, lighting system design plays a major role for comfort of the patients, the critical visual requirements for hospital staff, the comfort and visual need of the visitors. In addition to these goals, energy cost savings through the careful design of lighting schemes used in such applications. Conclusions: There is consistent evidence that shows the technical, architectural and energy aspects of providing optimal lighting conditions in different areas of a healthcare facility are important for patient, staff and energy conservation and cost within the hospitals.展开更多
基金Supported by Rodent Fauna in Mudanjiang Sandaoguan Forest Farm and Their Harms on Agriculture and Forestry(yjsxscx2015-12mdjnu)Changes in Community Structure of Forest Rodents after Human Disturbance in Zhangguangcai Mountain(1351MSYYB003)
文摘[ Objective ] The paper aimed to study effects of continuous light on rhythm of Apodemus agrarius. [ Method ] The changes in rhythm of A. agrarius activities were observed under natural light and 24 h continuous light condition. [ Result] A. agrarius activated at daytime and night, but the activity time at night was longer than that at daytime, and the peak period of activity also occurred at night. When exposed to natural light, the activity time, feeding time and drinking time ofA. agrarius were （27 870±5 252）s, （6 171 ± 1 529）s and （474 ±92） s, respectively; when exposed to 24 continuous light, the activity time, feeding time and drinking time of A. agrarius were （ 19 935 ±2 971 ） s, （5 870 ± 1 988 ） s and （331 ± 117 ） s, respectively. [ Conclusion ] The activity time of A. agraritas changed significantly under two different light conditions, while feeding time and drinking time had little changes.
文摘Objective: ADHD is characterized by the progressive development of, impulsiveness, attentional difficulties and sometimes also excessive hyperactivity. Main biological reason is a quantitative reduction of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the forebrain. A lack of dopamine is also typical for depressive disorders. Methods: Bright light therapy is proven to be effective in treating depression. Purpose of our study is to verify the therapeutic effectiveness of Bright light therapy in subjects affected by ADHD. Results: Results show a significant improvement which lasts for at least 4 weeks, which is superposed by regulation of the circadian rhythm. Initial decrease of especially morning saliva melatonin levels, due to regular sleep under in-patient conditions, is followed by symptom improvement and a raising evening melatonin level, due to activation during the day. This level decreases as soon as activation is ceased. Conclusion: Bright light therapy seems to be effective as add-on therapy for ADHD, but in fact, stabilization of the circadian rhythm is the most important therapeutic intervention, either for ADHD or for depression, as demonstrated in another study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81730033(to XPG),No.81701371(to TJX),No.81801380(to XZ)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China,No.BK20170654(to TJX),No.BK20170129(to XZ)the Key Talent’s 13th Five-Year Plan for Strengthening Health of Jiangsu Province of China,No.ZDRCA2016069(to XPG)
文摘Sleep-wake rhythm disturbances,which are characterized by abnormal sleep timing or duration,are associated with cognitive dysfunction.Photoacoustic treatments including light and sound stimulation have been found to be effective in modulating sleep patterns and improving cognitive behavior in abnormal sleep-wake pattern experiments.In this study,we examined whether light and sound interventions could reduce sleep-wake pattern disturbances and memory deficits in a sleep rhythm disturbance model.We established a model of sleep rhythm disturbance in C57 BL/6 J mice via a sleep deprivation method involving manual cage tapping,cage jostling,and nest disturbance.We used a Mini Mitter radio transmitter device to monitor motor activity in the mice and fear conditioning tests to assess cognitive function.Our results indicated that an intervention in which the mice were exposed to blue light(40-Hz flickering frequency)for 1 hour during their subjective daytime significantly improved the 24-hour-acrophase shift and reduced the degree of memory deficit induced by sleep deprivation.However,interventions in which the mice were exposed to a 40-Hz blue light at offset time or subjective night time points,as well as 2 Hz-blue light at 3 intervention time points(subjective day time,subjective night time,and offset time points),had no positive effects on circadian rhythm shift or memory deficits.Additionally,a 2000-Hz sound intervention during subjective day time attenuated the24-hour-acrophase shift and memory decline,while 440-Hz and 4000-Hz sounds had no effect on circadian rhythms.Overall,these results demonstrate that photoacoustic treatment effectively corrected abnormal sleep-wake patterns and cognitive dysfunction associated with sleep-deprivation-induced disturbances in sleep-wake rhythm.All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Nanjing University,China(approval No.20171102)on November20,2017.
文摘Many organisms have evolved an approximately 24-hour circadian rhythm that allows them to achieve internal physiological homeostasis with external environment.Suprachiasmatic nucleus（SCN） is the central pacemaker of circadian rhythm,and its activity is entrained to the external light-dark cycle.The SCN controls circadian rhythm through regulating the synthesis of melatonin by pineal gland via a multisynaptic pathway.Light,especially shortwavelength blue light,is the most potent environmental time cue in circadian photoentrainment.Recently,the discovery of a novel type of retinal photoreceptors,intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells,sheds light on the mechanism of circadian photoentrainment and raises concerns about the effect of ocular diseases on circadian system.With age,light transmittance is significantly decreased due to the aging of crystalline lens,thus possibly resulting in progressive loss of circadian photoreception.In the current review,we summarize the circadian physiology,highlight the important role of light in circadian rhythm regulation,discuss about the correlation between age-related cataract and sleep disorders,and compare the effect of blue light-filtering intraocular lenses（lOLs） and ultraviolet only filtering lOLs on circadian rhythm.
文摘Since Adrian and Metthew [1], light may be considered the dominant stimulus for the brain. This statement is confirmed after the discovery of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that regulates the master biological clock [2]. In 1998 the discovery of photopigment melanopsin in the ganglion cells of the retina, give new insight in the importance of the light in the pathophysiology of the brain [3]. We have studied the effect of flashing at 10 Hz with LED light of different wavelength on the response of the alpha system. We have shown that this response, consistent with the drive of the frequency and the augmentation of the voltage of the alpha rhythms, is far more significant with the RED-LED than GREEN-LED or BLUE-LED or WHITE-LED (three-chrome) light flashing. We stem the hypothesis that the amplitude increase and phase reset of the alpha waves produced by RED-LED flashing at 10 Hz may be due either to photobiomodulation on the cytochromo c oxidase [4,5] and/or of the photopigment melanopsin, at the level of the retinal ganglion cells, that reinforce the incoming cone-LHC signal and therefore the projection to the SCN [6] or to reinforcement of postsynaptic short term responsiveness, in retinal cone-LHC synapse, due to repetitive stimulation [7,8] or both. We may speculate that the increase of amplitude and phase reset of alpha rhythms, due to flashing at 10 Hz, is primarily modulated in the retina.
文摘Under artificial LD cycles （6, 12, 18 L）, the elvers of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, showed a 24 h cycle of locomotor activity rhythm being most active at light transitions ： the eels＇ activity rose to a primary peak after lights-off, followed by a quiescent period during which they buried into the shelters or lying motionlessly on sand for most of the time, and then reached a secondary peak before lights-on. Elvers could resynchronize their activity rhythm with a new photo cycle within 4 d. Moreover, their activity level at dark phase significantly increased as the light period was prolonged ： higher activity levels during shorter dark period. However, the elvers did not display clearly the existence of a circadian rhythm under constant light or dark conditions. The timing of daily activity rhythm evidenced in the Japanese eels may occur through the action of the LD cycles with a weak participation of an endogenous circadian system. In all the LD cycles, over 99% of the activity occurred in the dark phase, indicating that the eels were always nocturnally active no matter what time of day it might be. Under 12 L conditions, the eels＇ activity level and the time outside sand were significantly elevated both at light and dark phases as temperature increased from 10 - 15 to 20 - 25 ℃. The activity rhythm pattern （ i. e. , two peaks occurring around light transitions） did not apparently change among temperatures. However, in contrast with the primary activity peaks immediately after lights-off at 20 and 25 ℃, the timing of the primary peaks at 10 and 15 ℃ showed a latency of a few hours following lights-off, indicating the inhibiting effect of low temperature on the eels＇ activity.
文摘Background: Most healthcare settings are lit by a combination of daylight entering through windows, skylights and electric-light sources. It is important to understand how these two types of light sources differ to understand their relative impacts on human health and performance. It is found important to have a starting point in healing architecture and create an environment with knowledge of users sensory and functionally needs and looks at how hospital wards can support patients’ experience or maybe even have a positive influence on the recovery process. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to evaluate the impact of light on the quality of healthcare services was conducted. Several databases were systematically searched and evaluated. Results: Majority of the studies showed that distributions of light within a space in hospitals could substantially influence the health as well as perception of people within it. The study showed that in a multi-function and diverse habitant environment such as hospital treatment rooms, lighting system design plays a major role for comfort of the patients, the critical visual requirements for hospital staff, the comfort and visual need of the visitors. In addition to these goals, energy cost savings through the careful design of lighting schemes used in such applications. Conclusions: There is consistent evidence that shows the technical, architectural and energy aspects of providing optimal lighting conditions in different areas of a healthcare facility are important for patient, staff and energy conservation and cost within the hospitals.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30170295),Medical Developmental Foundation of Soochow University(No.EEl 34031) and Young Teacher's Research Foundation of Soochow University(No.Q3134044).
