Application Strategies of Automatic Addressable Single-Lamp Control Technology in Tunnel Lighting

The article mainly studies the application strategy of automatic addressable single-lamp control technology in tunnel lighting.It encompasses an introduction to this technology,an analysis of the tunnel lighting system using automatic addressable single-lamp control technology,and outlines the main development direction for this technology in modern tunnel lighting.The aim is to offer insights that can inform the rational deployment of this technology,thereby enhancing the lighting control effectiveness in modern tunnels and meeting their specific lighting requirements more effectively.

Controlled LED Lighting for Horticulture: A Review

As energy gradually becomes a more valuable commodity, the desire for reduced energy losses strengthens. Lighting is a critical field on this matter, as it accounts for a large percentage of the global electricity consumption and modern lighting systems are greatly more efficient than incandescent, discharge, and fluorescent lights. Previous research has proven that plants do not require the entire visible spectrum but react only to specific wavelengths, making it possible to control their growth and yield via artificial lighting. The flexibility of control of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lights allows for the combination of great energy losses reduction and controlled plant growth, achieving the improvement of two major parameters in a single action. This review paper summarizes the current research on the effect different light wavelengths have on specific plant species and discusses the applications of LED lighting for horticulture, yield storage, and disease protection.

Intelligent 3-Way Priority-Driven Traffic Light Control System for Emergency Vehicles

The problem of traffic congestion is a significant phenomenon that has had a substantial impact on the transportation system within the country. This phenomenon has given rise to numerous intricacies, particularly in instances where emergency situations occur at traffic light intersections that are consistently congested with a high volume of vehicles. This implementation of a traffic light controller system is designed with the intention of addressing this problem. The purpose of the system was to facilitate the operation of a 3-way traffic control light and provide priority to emergency vehicles using a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor and Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) Architecture Based Microcontroller. This research work involved designing a system to mitigate the occurrence of accidents commonly observed at traffic light intersections, where vehicles often need to maneuver in order to make way for emergency vehicles following a designated route. The research effectively achieved the analysis, simulation and implementation of wireless communication devices for traffic light control. The implemented prototype utilizes RFID transmission, operates in conjunction with the sequential mode of traffic lights to alter the traffic light sequence accordingly and reverts the traffic lights back to their normal sequence after the emergency vehicle has passed the traffic lights.

Application Strategy of PLC Technology in Energy-Saving Control of Tunnel Lighting

In this study,we investigated on the application of planar lightwave circuit(PLC)technology in energy-saving control of tunnel lighting.The application status of PLC in the field of energy saving followed by the necessity of energy saving in tunnel lighting was analyzed.Finally,the application of PLC in tunnel lighting energy-saving control around the three dimensions of system overall architecture design,control scheme,and program control process was investigated.The results showed that the system meets the requirements of control effect,robustness,and visual effect after trial operation,and is suitable for practical applications.

Analysis of Current Research and Future Development Trends of Applying Solar Energy in Street Lighting

In the context of promoting green energy transition and addressing climate change globally,solar energy,as a clean and renewable energy source,has gradually become a hot topic for research.Solar streetlight systems realize energy self-sufficiency and environment-friendly lighting by integrating photovoltaic power generation technology and efficient LED lighting technology.By comprehensively analyzing the current status of the application of solar streetlights at home and abroad,this paper discusses its technical advantages,market penetration,and challenges in its development.In terms of technical characteristics,this paper focuses on analyzing the key technologies such as energy conversion efficiency and intelligent control systems of solar streetlights.

Automobile light control system based on CAN bus and contactless switch

In order to solve the complex wiring and low reliability of conventional light control system,an automobile contactless switch light system is designed combined with Hall element and controller area network （CAN） bus technology.The processing system of electromagnetic compatibility controlled by CAN bus is improved to reduce the electromagnetic interference from the controller and other sources of interference.With Freescale＇s high-performance single-chip MC9S08DZ60 and CAN transceiver TJA1050,the overall circuit design and software design are presented.The test results show that the designed light control system is feasible.

Seam Tracking and Visual Control for Robotic Arc Welding Based on Structured Light Stereovision

A real-time arc welding robot visual control system based on a local network with a multi-level hierarchy is developed in this paper. It consists of an intelligence and human-machine interface level, a motion planning level, a motion control level and a servo control level. The last three levels form a local real-time open robot controller, which realizes motion planning and motion control of a robot. A camera calibration method based on the relative movement of the end-effector connected to a robot is proposed and a method for tracking weld seam based on the structured light stereovision is provided. Combining the parameters of the cameras and laser plane, three groups of position values in Cartesian space are obtained for each feature point in a stripe projected on the weld seam. The accurate three-dimensional position of the edge points in the weld seam can be calculated from the obtained parameters with an information fusion algorithm. By calculating the weld seam parameter from position and image data, the movement parameters of the robot used for tracking can be determined. A swing welding experiment of type V groove weld is successfully conducted, the results of which show that the system has high resolution seam tracking in real-time, and works stably and efficiently.

Structured Light 3D Vision Based on Laser Scanning Space-encoding and Its Synchro Control

This paper presents the principle and mathematic model for the 3D depth map method based on space encoding images performed by modulating scanning structuredlight according to time sequences,and the synchro control among the camera,laser diode modulation and scanning polyhedron.

Multicenter randomised controlled trial comparing the high definition white light endoscopy and the bright narrow band imaging for colon polyps

AIM To compare high definition white light endoscopy and bright narrow band imaging for colon polyps' detection rates. METHODS Patients were randomised to high definition white light endoscopy(HD-WLE) or the bright narrow band imaging(b NBI) during withdrawal of the colonoscope. Polyps identified in either mode were characterised using b NBI with dual focus(b NBI-DF) according to the Sano's classification. The primary outcome was to compare adenoma detection rates(ADRs) between the two arms. The secondary outcome was to assess the negative predictive value(NPV) in differentiating adenomas from hyperplastic polyps for diminutive rectosigmoid lesions.RESULTS A total of 1006 patients were randomised to HD-WLE(n = 511) or b NBI(n = 495). The mean of adenoma per patient was 1.62 and 1.84, respectively. The ADRs in b NBI and HD-WLE group were 37.4% and 39.3%, respectively. When adjusted for withdrawal time(OR = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.15-1.24, P < 0.001), the use of b NBI was associated with a reduced ADR(OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.52-0.92). Nine hundred and thirty three polyps(86%) in both arms were predicted with high confidence. The sensitivity(Sn), specificity(Sp), positive predictive value and NPV in differentiating adenomatous from non-adenomatous polyps of all sizes were 95.9%, 87.2%, 94.0% and 91.1% respectively. The NPV in differentiating an adenoma from hyperplastic polyp using b NBI-DF for diminutive rectal polyps was 91.0%.CONCLUSION ADRs did not differ between b NBI and HD-WLE, however HD-WLE had higher ADR after adjustment of withdrawal time. b NBI surpassed the PIVI threshold for diminutive polyps.

Separate Dimming Controlling and Data Transmission for an Indoor Visible Light Communication System

Simultaneous dimming controlling and data transmission are usually required in a white LED based indoor visible light communication system.However,the diming controlling of LED normally interferes the data transmission due to the modulation nonlinearity of LED.In order to solve this problem,a scheme by separating the LEDs for the functions of dimming control and data transmission respectively is proposed in this paper.In the scheme,the LEDs used for dimming control function are driven by a dc amplified circuit,and the LEDs for data transmission are driven by a digital modulation circuit respectively.In this way,the modulation distortion to the data signal caused by the modulation nonlinearity can be avoided even if the dimming is at high level dc driven current.The proof-of-concept experiment of a 2.5Mbit/s visible light communication system demonstrates that the dimming controlling and data transmission can be realized simultaneously in a simple way,and the data transmission is not affected by the dimming controlling function.Compared to previous methods,the scheme in this paper is simpler and cost effective,and makes sense when high rate data is transmitted in a visible light communication system.

Efficiency of a blue organic light-emitting diode enhanced by inserting charge control layers into the emission region

We demonstrate high current efficiency of a blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diode （OLED） by using the charge control layers （CCLs） based on Alq3 . The CCLs that are inserted into the emitting layers （EMLs） could impede the hole injection and facilitate the electron transport, which can improve the carrier balance and further expand the exciton generation region. The maximal current efficiency of the optimal device is 5.89 cd/A at 1.81 mA/cm2 , which is about 2.19 times higher than that of the control device （CD） without the CCL, and the maximal luminance is 19.660 cd/m2 at 12V. The device shows a good color stability though the green light emitting material Alq3 is introduced as the CCL in the EML, but it has a poor lifetime due to the formation of cationic Alq3 species.

A Light Source System of Multi-star Simulator with Adjustable Background and Controllable Magnitude

A light source of multi-star simulator capable of background adjustment and magnitude control has been designed.Two integrating spheres are employed as the star-point light source and the background light source respectively.A beam splitter prism has been designed to serve as the beam combiner for the star-point and the background light sources,and a mathematical model has been constructed respectively to compute the light flux of the two integrating spheres.A magnitude testing system and a background testing system have been created using low-light illuminometer,luminance meter,and testing instruments to measure the star-point magnitude and the background luminance of the multi-star simulator.The test results suggest that the star-point magnitude is adjustable from0 to+5 m_v,with a simulation precision superior to ±0.026 m_v.The maximum background luminance is 3.8×10~5 cd·m^(-2),and the minimum background luminance is6.4×10^(-2)cd·m^(-2).The designed light source system can meet the requirements for simulating the stellar map with a sky background.

Autonomous Control Strategy of a Swarm System Under Attack Based on Projected View and Light Transmittance

In the study of a visual projection field with swarm movements,an autonomous control strategy is presented in this paper for a swarm system under attack.To ensure a fast swarm dynamic response and stable spatial cohesion in a complex environment,a new hybrid swarm motion model is proposed by introducing global visual projection information to a traditional local interaction mechanism.In the face of attackers,individuals move towards the largest free space according to the projected view of the environment,rather than directly in the opposite direction of the attacker.Moreover,swarm individuals can certainly regroup without dispersion after the attacker leaves.On the other hand,the light transmittance of each individual is defined based on global visual projection information to represent its spatial freedom and relative position in the swarm.Then,an autonomous control strategy with adaptive parameters is proposed according to light transmittance to guide the movement of swarm individuals.The simulation results demonstrate in detail how individuals can avoid attackers safely and reconstruct ordered states of swarm motion.

Development of Wireless Light Control System Based on Zigbee

This paper presents a solution to wireless light control system based on Zigbee. Overall design framework of the system was introduced and analyzed in detail, which contained realization of hardware design. The Zigbee wireless light control system was established based on CC2430-chip of Texas Instruments (TI). In this paper, we achieved designing Printed Circuit Board (PCB) for sensor nodes as end device and coordinator in Protel DXP 2004 and also wrote C codes in IAR embedded workbench development tool to form wireless network. Test results of system show that lights on end device or router in Zigbee wireless sensor networks (WSN) can be controlled by another switch on coordinator, which achieved remotely wireless intelligence light control.

Controller Design of Intelligent Lighting Network

Studied are the controller design and basic principles of intelligent lighting network. TI’s MSP430F123 is used as a main controller. By using the ZigBee modules(Xbee/Xbee-PRO) and the GSM module(SIM300C) for wireless communications, the lighting control is enabled to access wireless network. This system uses a mobile phone to achieve light on-off directly, which can accomplish wireless control of intelligent lighting in families.

Smart Street Lighting Control and Monitoring System for Electrical Power Saving by Using VANET

The huge amount of electrical power of many countries is consumed in lighting the streets. However, vehicles pass with very low rate in specific periods of time and parts of the streets are not occupied by vehicles over time. In this paper, we propose a system that automatically switches off the light for the parts of the streets having no vehicles and turns on the light for these parts once there are some vehicles that are going to come. Logically, this system may save a large amount of the electrical power. In addition, it may increase the lifetime of the lamps and reduce the pollutions. This system automatically controls and monitors the light of the streets. It can light only the parts that have vehicles and help on the maintenance of the lighting equipments. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) make it possible to propose such system. VANET enables the possibility to know the presence of vehicles, their locations, their directions and their speeds in real time. These quantities are what are needed to develop this system. An advantage of using VANET is that there is no need to use specific network and equipments to design the system, but VANET infrastructure will be used. This decreases the cost and speed up the deployment of such system. This paper focuses on the proposal of different possible architectures of this system. Results show that the saved energy may reach up to 65% and an increase of the lifetime of the lamps of 53%.

Automotive Lighting Systems Based on Luminance/Intensity Grids: A Proposal Based on Real-Time Monitoring and Control for Safer Driving

The requirements for automotive lighting systems,especially the light patterns ensuring driver perception,are based on criteria related to the headlamps,rather than the light perceived by drivers and road users.Consequently,important factors such as pavement reflectance,driver age,or time of night,are largely ignored.Other factors such as presence of other vehicles,vehicle speed and weather conditions are considered by the Adaptive Driving Beam(ADB)and Adaptive Front-lighting System(AFS)respectively,though with no information regarding the visual perception of drivers and other road users.Evidently,it is simpler to simulate and measure the light emitted by the lamps than the light reflected by the pavement or emitted by other vehicles.However the current technology in cameras and light sensors,communication protocols,and control of Light Emitting Diodes(LED),combined with decision-making techniques applied to large amounts of data,can open a new era in the operation of headlamps and thus ensure the visual needs of drivers in real time and under actual road conditions.The solution lies in an interaction road-sensor-headlamp,which is not based on the light emitted by headlamps,but rather on the light perceived by the drivers.This study thus proposes a dual grid based on luminance and luminous intensity,which would manage the headlamps by optimizing driver perception and the safety of all road users.

Laser-induced forward transferred silver nanomembrane with controllable light absorption

Laser processing provides highly-controlled modification and on-demand fabrication of plasmon metal nanostructures for light absorption and photothermal convention.We present the laser-induced forward tansfer(LIFT)fabrication of silver nanomembranes in control of light absorption.By varying the hatch distance,different morphologies of randomly distributed plasmon silver nanostructures were produced,leading to well-controlled light absorption levels from 11%to 81%over broadband.The anti-reflection features were maintained below 17%.Equilibrated and plain absorptions were obtained throughout all absorption levels with a maximum intensity fluctuation of±8.5%for the 225μJ cases.The 45μJ pulse energy can offer a highly equilibrated absorption at a 60%absorption level with an intensity fluctuation of±1%.Pattern transfer was also achieved on a thin tape surface.The laser-transferred characters and patterns demonstrate a localized temperature rise.A rapid temperature rising of roughly 15℃can be achieved within 1 s.The LIFT process is highly efficiently fabricated with a typical speed value of 10^(3)to 10^(5)cm^(2)/h.The results indicated that LIFT is a well-controlled and efficient method for the production of optical films with specific absorption levels.

Optimal traffic light control method for a single intersecti on basedon hybrid systems

A single intersection of two phases is selected as a model to put forward a new optimal time-planning scheme for traffic light based on the model of hybrid automata for single intersection. A method of optimization is proposed for hybrid systems, and the average queue length over all queues is used as an objective function to find an optimal switching scheme for traffic light. It is illustrated that traffic light control for single intersection is a typical hybrid system, and the optimal planning-time scheme can be obtained using the optimal hybrid systems control based on the two stages method.

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Addressing Disruptions in Traffic Light Control

This paper investigates the use of multi-agent deep Q-network(MADQN)to address the curse of dimensionality issue occurred in the traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL)approach.The proposed MADQN is applied to traffic light controllers at multiple intersections with busy traffic and traffic disruptions,particularly rainfall.MADQN is based on deep Q-network(DQN),which is an integration of the traditional reinforcement learning(RL)and the newly emerging deep learning(DL)approaches.MADQN enables traffic light controllers to learn,exchange knowledge with neighboring agents,and select optimal joint actions in a collaborative manner.A case study based on a real traffic network is conducted as part of a sustainable urban city project in the Sunway City of Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia.Investigation is also performed using a grid traffic network(GTN)to understand that the proposed scheme is effective in a traditional traffic network.Our proposed scheme is evaluated using two simulation tools,namely Matlab and Simulation of Urban Mobility(SUMO).Our proposed scheme has shown that the cumulative delay of vehicles can be reduced by up to 30%in the simulations.