A new technology of forward extrusion and cross rolling has been developed to process the rear axle shaft sleeve of light truck with the use of tube billets. This technology is characterized by large reductions of mat...A new technology of forward extrusion and cross rolling has been developed to process the rear axle shaft sleeve of light truck with the use of tube billets. This technology is characterized by large reductions of material, energy and cost of production and has significant economical benefits. This technology is stable and reliable. The three rolls transverse rolling mill built based on this technology has novelty construction, higher production efficiency, non-vibration and noise. The research results have been extensively applied to light trucks and farm transport with load of 1 to 3 tones.展开更多
为了解决增程式电动轻卡辅助动力单元(auxiliary power units,APU)和动力电池之间能量的合理分配问题,在Simulink中建立面向控制的仿真模型,并提出一种基于双延迟深度确定性策略梯度(twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient,T...为了解决增程式电动轻卡辅助动力单元(auxiliary power units,APU)和动力电池之间能量的合理分配问题,在Simulink中建立面向控制的仿真模型,并提出一种基于双延迟深度确定性策略梯度(twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient,TD3)算法的实时能量管理策略,以发动机燃油消耗量、电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)变化等为优化目标,在世界轻型车辆测试程序(world light vehicle test procedure,WLTP)中对深度强化学习智能体进行训练。仿真结果表明,利用不同工况验证了基于TD3算法的能量管理策略(energy management strategy,EMS)具有较好的稳定性和适应性;TD3算法实现对发动机转速和转矩连续控制,使得输出功率更加平滑。将基于TD3算法的EMS与基于传统深度Q网络(deep Q-network,DQN)算法和深度确定性策略梯度(deep deterministic policy gradient,DDPG)算法进行对比分析,结果表明:基于TD3算法的EMS燃油经济性分别相比基于DQN算法和DDPG算法提高了12.35%和0.67%,达到基于动态规划(dynamic programming,DP)算法的94.85%,收敛速度相比基于DQN算法和DDPG算法分别提高了40.00%和47.60%。展开更多
文摘A new technology of forward extrusion and cross rolling has been developed to process the rear axle shaft sleeve of light truck with the use of tube billets. This technology is characterized by large reductions of material, energy and cost of production and has significant economical benefits. This technology is stable and reliable. The three rolls transverse rolling mill built based on this technology has novelty construction, higher production efficiency, non-vibration and noise. The research results have been extensively applied to light trucks and farm transport with load of 1 to 3 tones.