Objective: To explore the changes of coagulation activity and the characters of anticoagulation early after mechanical heart valve replacement. Methods: All patients only took warfarin orally for anticoagulation. The ...Objective: To explore the changes of coagulation activity and the characters of anticoagulation early after mechanical heart valve replacement. Methods: All patients only took warfarin orally for anticoagulation. The predicted international normalized ratio (INR) was 1.5 to 2.0. Several coagulation markers were monitored early after valve replacement. Complications associated with anticoagulation were recorded and analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups based on the number and position of mechanical valve prothesis, including group M (mitral valve replacement), group A (aortic valve replacement) and group D (mitral and aortic valve replacement).Comparison was made between the three groups. Results: Three events of mild cerebral embolism and five events of mild bleeding occurred during the early postoperative period. One patient suffered from mild cerebral embolism on the 4th day after operation, accompanied by large volume of pericardial drainage. Two patients with bleeding had lower INRs than predicted range. However, INR in one patient with mild cerebral embolism was in the predicted range. There was no significant difference in thrombo time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and INR on the 3rd day after operation compared to those before operation; meanwhile, plasma fibrinogen (FIB) concentration was higher than that before operation (P<0.05). INR had no significant changes on the 2nd day after the beginning of anticoagulation compared to that before operation; however, INR was significantly elevated on the 4th day (P<0.05). Warfarin doses and INRs were similar among the three groups, but FIB concentrations in plasma were higher in groups M and D than in group A (P<0.01). Conclusion: Hypercoagulabale state exists early after mechanical heart valve replacement. When anticoagulation begins is determined by the change of coagulation markers, not by the volume of chest or pericardial drainage. INR can not accurately reflect the coagulation state sometimes, especially during the first 3 days after anticoagulation. The number and position of mechanical valve prothesis could affect coagulation state. Therefore, anticoagulation therapy should be regulated accordingly.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the plasma concentration of thrombus precursor protein (TPP) in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement, and to explore whether it can be used as a marker for monitoring anticoagulatio...Objective: To evaluate the plasma concentration of thrombus precursor protein (TPP) in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement, and to explore whether it can be used as a marker for monitoring anticoagulation. Methods: Totally 60 patients who took warfarin after mitral valve replacement and 20 control patients with non-valvular heart diseases were subjected in this study. Their plasma TPP concentration and international normalized ratio (INR) were determined, and compared not only between the anticoagulant patients and the control patients, but also between the patients with atrial fibrillaiton (AF, n=37) and the patients with sinus rhythm (SR, n=23) after mechanical valve replacement. The relationship between plasma TPP concentration and INR in the 60 anticoagulant patients was analyzed with linear regression. Results: It was found that the anticoagulant therapy effectively decreased plasma TPP concentration and elevated INR. In the anticoagulant group, the patients with AF had higher plasma TPP concentration than the others with sinus rhythm (P<0.05), although there was no significant difference in INR level between these 2 groups of patients (P>0.05). No significant correlation was found between plasma TPP concentration and INR in the anticoagulant patients (P>0.05). INR did not accord with plasma TPP concentration in several patients. Conclusion: INR can’t reflect the coagulation status and guide the anticoagulation correctly sometimes; TPP may be a valuable assistant marker for monitoring anticoagulation in patients with mechanical heart valve prothesis; Patients with AF may require higher density of anticoagulation and TPP is strongly suggested to be monitored in these patients.展开更多
Industrial Control Systems(ICS)and SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)systems play a critical role in the management and regulation of critical infrastructure.SCADA systems brings us closer to the real-tim...Industrial Control Systems(ICS)and SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)systems play a critical role in the management and regulation of critical infrastructure.SCADA systems brings us closer to the real-time application world.All process and equipment control capability is typically provided by a Distributed Control System(DCS)in industries such as power stations,agricultural systems,chemical and water treatment plants.Instead of control through DCS,this paper proposes a SCADA and PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)system to control the ratio control division and the assembly line division inside the chemical plant.A specific design and implementation method for development of SCADA/PLC based real time ratio control and automated assembly line system in a chemical plant is introduced.The assembly line division is further divided into sorting stage,filling stage and the auxiliary stage,which includes the capping unit,labelling unit and then the storage.In the ratio control division,we have defined the levels inside the mixer and ratio of the raw materials through human machine interface(HMI)panel.The ratio of raw materials is kept constant on the basis of flow rates of wild stream and manipulated stream.There is a flexibility in defining new levels and the ratios of the raw materials inside the mixer.But here we taken the predefined levels(low,medium,high)and ratios(3:4,2:1,2:5).Control valves are used for regulating the flow of the compositions.In the assembly line division,the containers are sorted on the basis of size and type of material used i.e.,big sized metallic containers and small sized non-metallic containers by inductive and capacitive proximity sensors.All the processes are facilitated with laser beam type or reflective type sensors on the conveyor system.Building a highly stable and dependable PLC/SCADA system instead of Distributed Control System is required to achieve automatic management and control of chemical industry processes to reduce waste manpower and physical resources,as well as to improve worker safety.展开更多
The integrated hydraulic transformer has a compact structure and no throttling loss in the process of pressure regulation.It is widely used in the common pressure rail hydrostatic transmission system.The integrated hy...The integrated hydraulic transformer has a compact structure and no throttling loss in the process of pressure regulation.It is widely used in the common pressure rail hydrostatic transmission system.The integrated hydraulic transformer is realized by designing more than three ports on the distribution plate,and the voltage transformation characteristics of the integrated hydraulic transformer with different port numbers are different.In this paper,the influence of port number on the pressure ratio of integrated hydraulic transformer was studied,and the pressure ratio characteristics of 3⁃ports,4⁃ports,and 5⁃ports integrated hydraulic transformer were obtained,and an experimental platform was built for experimental verification,which shows that the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results and provides a theoretical basis for the design of integrated hydraulic transformer.展开更多
文摘Objective: To explore the changes of coagulation activity and the characters of anticoagulation early after mechanical heart valve replacement. Methods: All patients only took warfarin orally for anticoagulation. The predicted international normalized ratio (INR) was 1.5 to 2.0. Several coagulation markers were monitored early after valve replacement. Complications associated with anticoagulation were recorded and analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups based on the number and position of mechanical valve prothesis, including group M (mitral valve replacement), group A (aortic valve replacement) and group D (mitral and aortic valve replacement).Comparison was made between the three groups. Results: Three events of mild cerebral embolism and five events of mild bleeding occurred during the early postoperative period. One patient suffered from mild cerebral embolism on the 4th day after operation, accompanied by large volume of pericardial drainage. Two patients with bleeding had lower INRs than predicted range. However, INR in one patient with mild cerebral embolism was in the predicted range. There was no significant difference in thrombo time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and INR on the 3rd day after operation compared to those before operation; meanwhile, plasma fibrinogen (FIB) concentration was higher than that before operation (P<0.05). INR had no significant changes on the 2nd day after the beginning of anticoagulation compared to that before operation; however, INR was significantly elevated on the 4th day (P<0.05). Warfarin doses and INRs were similar among the three groups, but FIB concentrations in plasma were higher in groups M and D than in group A (P<0.01). Conclusion: Hypercoagulabale state exists early after mechanical heart valve replacement. When anticoagulation begins is determined by the change of coagulation markers, not by the volume of chest or pericardial drainage. INR can not accurately reflect the coagulation state sometimes, especially during the first 3 days after anticoagulation. The number and position of mechanical valve prothesis could affect coagulation state. Therefore, anticoagulation therapy should be regulated accordingly.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the plasma concentration of thrombus precursor protein (TPP) in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement, and to explore whether it can be used as a marker for monitoring anticoagulation. Methods: Totally 60 patients who took warfarin after mitral valve replacement and 20 control patients with non-valvular heart diseases were subjected in this study. Their plasma TPP concentration and international normalized ratio (INR) were determined, and compared not only between the anticoagulant patients and the control patients, but also between the patients with atrial fibrillaiton (AF, n=37) and the patients with sinus rhythm (SR, n=23) after mechanical valve replacement. The relationship between plasma TPP concentration and INR in the 60 anticoagulant patients was analyzed with linear regression. Results: It was found that the anticoagulant therapy effectively decreased plasma TPP concentration and elevated INR. In the anticoagulant group, the patients with AF had higher plasma TPP concentration than the others with sinus rhythm (P<0.05), although there was no significant difference in INR level between these 2 groups of patients (P>0.05). No significant correlation was found between plasma TPP concentration and INR in the anticoagulant patients (P>0.05). INR did not accord with plasma TPP concentration in several patients. Conclusion: INR can’t reflect the coagulation status and guide the anticoagulation correctly sometimes; TPP may be a valuable assistant marker for monitoring anticoagulation in patients with mechanical heart valve prothesis; Patients with AF may require higher density of anticoagulation and TPP is strongly suggested to be monitored in these patients.
文摘Industrial Control Systems(ICS)and SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)systems play a critical role in the management and regulation of critical infrastructure.SCADA systems brings us closer to the real-time application world.All process and equipment control capability is typically provided by a Distributed Control System(DCS)in industries such as power stations,agricultural systems,chemical and water treatment plants.Instead of control through DCS,this paper proposes a SCADA and PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)system to control the ratio control division and the assembly line division inside the chemical plant.A specific design and implementation method for development of SCADA/PLC based real time ratio control and automated assembly line system in a chemical plant is introduced.The assembly line division is further divided into sorting stage,filling stage and the auxiliary stage,which includes the capping unit,labelling unit and then the storage.In the ratio control division,we have defined the levels inside the mixer and ratio of the raw materials through human machine interface(HMI)panel.The ratio of raw materials is kept constant on the basis of flow rates of wild stream and manipulated stream.There is a flexibility in defining new levels and the ratios of the raw materials inside the mixer.But here we taken the predefined levels(low,medium,high)and ratios(3:4,2:1,2:5).Control valves are used for regulating the flow of the compositions.In the assembly line division,the containers are sorted on the basis of size and type of material used i.e.,big sized metallic containers and small sized non-metallic containers by inductive and capacitive proximity sensors.All the processes are facilitated with laser beam type or reflective type sensors on the conveyor system.Building a highly stable and dependable PLC/SCADA system instead of Distributed Control System is required to achieve automatic management and control of chemical industry processes to reduce waste manpower and physical resources,as well as to improve worker safety.
基金the National Key Research and Development Plan Projects(Grant No.2018YFB2001200)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant Nos.19KJB460026,19KJA140002)the Six Talent Peak Training Projects in Jiangsu Province(Grant No.JXQC-36).
文摘The integrated hydraulic transformer has a compact structure and no throttling loss in the process of pressure regulation.It is widely used in the common pressure rail hydrostatic transmission system.The integrated hydraulic transformer is realized by designing more than three ports on the distribution plate,and the voltage transformation characteristics of the integrated hydraulic transformer with different port numbers are different.In this paper,the influence of port number on the pressure ratio of integrated hydraulic transformer was studied,and the pressure ratio characteristics of 3⁃ports,4⁃ports,and 5⁃ports integrated hydraulic transformer were obtained,and an experimental platform was built for experimental verification,which shows that the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results and provides a theoretical basis for the design of integrated hydraulic transformer.
