Application Strategy of PLC Technology in Energy-Saving Control of Tunnel Lighting

In this study,we investigated on the application of planar lightwave circuit(PLC)technology in energy-saving control of tunnel lighting.The application status of PLC in the field of energy saving followed by the necessity of energy saving in tunnel lighting was analyzed.Finally,the application of PLC in tunnel lighting energy-saving control around the three dimensions of system overall architecture design,control scheme,and program control process was investigated.The results showed that the system meets the requirements of control effect,robustness,and visual effect after trial operation,and is suitable for practical applications.

Application of Landscape Smart Lighting in Construction Projects

Currently,to effectively construct high-quality smart cities and achieve comprehensive governance goals,various industries must embrace the transformation and upgrading of traditional management methods through the integration of new technologies.Among these,landscape smart lighting serves as a crucial tool for advancing smart city development.By judiciously applying this technology,it is possible to enhance traditional lighting methods and offer people novel experiences in their daily lives.Recognizing this importance,this article analyzes and organizes the content of landscape smart lighting,delves into its system characteristics,and summarizes its principles and practices in the field of architectural engineering as practical references for application scenarios.

Materials and device engineering to achieve high-performance quantum dots light emitting diodes for display applications

Quantum dots(QDs)have attracted wide attention from academia and industry because of their advantages such as high emitting efficiency,narrow half-peak width,and continuously adjustable emitting wavelength.QDs light emitting diodes(QLEDs)are expected to become the next generation commercial display technology.This paper reviews the progress of QLED from physical mechanism,materials,to device engineering.The strategies to improve QLED performance from the perspectives of quantum dot materials and device structures are summarized.

Parameters Optimization and Energy-Saving of Highway Tunnel Backlighting with LED

In order to acquire the most energy-saving luminairedistribution-parameters(LDPs)of highway tunnel interior zone backlighting,the parameters optimization model(POM)of backlighting for tunnel interior zone was established.Yanlieshan tunnel of Jiujing highway was taken as an example for the optimization.The optimal LDPs of the backlighting system of the tunnel interior zone were obtained by the POM,a comparison between the optimization results and those of Yanlieshan tunnel’s actual lighting system was performed,which showed that the optimized backlighting system with LED lamps installed according to the optimized LDPs could save energy remarkablely even under full capacity lighting condition.Illuminance and illuminance uniformity of the tunnel road surface still met the lighting demands even the LED lamp’s luminance decreased by 30%.A backlighting simulation experiment with the optimized backlighting LDPs for Yanlieshan tunnel was accomplished in the software Dialux.The simulation results basically agreed with the optimization calculated results from the POM which proved the correctness of the backlighting POM.

Energy-Saving and Control of General Indoor Lighting Elements Fed from a Micro-Controlled Hybrid Power Generation System

In this study, an off grid wind-solar hybrid power generation system was established at Afyon Kocatepe University to meet the energy need of lighting system of three different laboratories. It is planned to efficiently use the energy obtained from the designed hybrid power generation system. For this purpose, PIC 16F877 was used in controlling of lighting load of laboratories. The off-grid wind-solar hybrid power generation system consists of 570 W 24 V mono crystal solar panels, 600 W wind power generation system and accumulator groups. The load control circuit made with PIC 16F877 is designed in a manner that will control the lighting armature groups individually activate and deactivate the armature groups according to intensity of illumination in environment. Besides, separately from generation and storing units constituting the hybrid power generation system, data in kWh are recorded by means of software in 10 seconds intervals. With the obtained power generation and storing data, analyzing of power consumption data when the load control system in active or passive position is made. According to analysis results, with controlling of lighting load and using of energy obtained from off grid wind-solar hybrid power generation system, 20.6% energy saving has been ensured.

Excavator Energy-saving Efficiency Based on Diesel Engine Cylinder Deactivation Technology

The hydraulic excavator energy-saving research mainly embodies the following three measures： to improve the performance of diesel engine and hydraulic component, to improve the hydraulic system, and to improve the power matching of diesel-hydraulic system-actuator. Although the above measures have certain energy-saving effect, but because the hydraulic excavator load changes frequently and fluctuates dramatically, so the diesel engine often works in high-speed and light load condition, and the fuel consumption is higher. Therefore, in order to improve the economy of diesel engine in light load, and reduce the fuel consumption of hydraulic excavator, energy management concept is proposed based on diesel engine cylinder deactivation technology. By comparing the universal characteristic under diesel normal and deactivated cylinder condition, the mechanism that fuel consumption can be reduced significantly by adopting cylinder deactivation technology under part of loads condition can be clarified. The simulation models for hydraulic system and diesel engine are established by using AMESim software, and fuel combustion consumption by using cylinder-deactivation-technology is studied through digital simulation approach. In this way, the zone of cylinder deactivation is specified. The testing system for the excavator with this technology is set up based on simulated results, and the results show that the diesel engine can still work at high efficiency with part of loads after adopting this technology; fuel consumption is dropped down to 11% and 13% under economic and heavy-load mode respectively under the condition of driving requirements. The research provides references to the energy-saving study of the hydraulic excavators.

THE THEORY AND APPLICATION OF THE STRUCTURE LIGHT ENGINEERING SURVEYING BASED ON A LASER THEODOLITE WITH THREE FREEDOMS OF ROTATION

The concepts of “confining structure” and structure light are illuminated in this paper.A laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation,which is aimed at “confining structure”,is developed.Various scanning modes and their mathematical models based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation are discussed.According to the features of a huge object,,the structure light engineering surveying based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation is determined as the main method in an actual application.The observation of four sound concrete posts and forced centering plates.Subsequently,it is transformed into the huge object coordinate system.The scanning mode with plumb plane is selected as the main mode in the whole work.And other assistant methods,such as close range photogrammetry and the method of using reflection sheet,are applied to the work of “scanning dead angle”.At last,a surveying accuracy estimation of this method is done and a surveying accuracy test is finished.It can be concluded that the structure light engineering surveying based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation is considered to be an effective and applied method,and has many superiority to some other surveying methods in the work of surveying “confining structure”.

一种基于随机森林和Light GBM的房产估价模型

针对商品房评估方法中存在数据源单一,考虑影响因素理想化,特征工程过分依赖主观经验等问题,结合随机森林和Light GBM模型,提出了一种RF_LightGBM模型用于房产价值评估。首先,通过随机森林对特征进行重要度排序,将影响房产价格因素较小的特征排除,使用网格搜索算法对模型进行优化,最后将该方法用于房产价值评估。在真实的房价数据集上进行的实验表明,相较于随即森林,XGBoost等传统模型,RF_LightGBM模型的评估精度提高了1.7%,且百分误差在0%~10%以内的评估结果占比88.38%。说明所用模型可以很好地应用于房产价值评估,得到的评估结果更加准确。

Scaling law of hydrogen evolution reaction for InSe monolayer with 3d transition metals doping and strain engineering

Recently, two dimensional In Se attracts great attentions as potential hydrogen production photocatalysts.Here, comprehensive investigations on the hydrogen evolution reaction activity of In Se monolayer with3 d transition metal doping and biaxial strain were performed based on the density functional theory.Transition metal dopants significantly increase the bonding strength between H and Se, and then adjust the hydrogen adsorption free energy to 0.02 e V by Zn doping. The enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction activity results from less electron occupying H 1 s-Se 4 pzanti-bonding states, which is well correlated with the pzband center level. Importantly, the universal scalling law was proposed to descript the evolution of hydrogen adsorption free energy including both doping and strain effects. Moreover, with appropriate band alignment, optical absorption, and carriers separation ability, Zn doped In Se monolayer is considered as a promising candidate of visible-light photocatalyst for hydrogen production.

Novel adaptive laser scanning sensor for reverse engineering measurement

In this paper,a series of new techniques are used to optimize typical laser scanning sensor.The integrated prototype is compared with traditional approach to demonstrate the much improved performance.In the research and development,camera calibration is achieved by extracting characteristic points of the laser plane,so that the calibra- tion efficiency is improved significantly.With feedback control of its intensity,the laser is automatically adjusted for different material.A modified algorithm is presented to improve the accuracy of laser stripe extraction.The fusion of data extracted from left and right camera is completed with re-sampling technique.The scanner is integrated with a robot arm and some other machinery for on-line measurement and inspection,which provides a flexible measurement tool for reverse engineering.

Simplified prediction model for lighting energy consumption in office building scheme design

At the scheme design stage,the potential of daylighting is significant due to the saving for electric lighting use. There are few simple tools for architects to optimize the daylighting design. Therefore,it is useful to develop a design guideline related to the evaluation of lighting energy saving potential and sunlight design strategies. This paper analyzes the impacts of different artificial lighting control methods and design parameters on daylighting. A direct correlation between lighting energy consumption and parameters such as orientations,window to wall ratio (WWR) and perimeter depth is established. A simplified prediction model is proposed to estimate lighting energy consumption with the given perimeter depth,WWR,and window transparency. Validation of the model is carried out compared with detailed lighting simulation software for an office building. After the variation analysis for these parameters,design advises for the daylighting design at scheme design phase are summarized.

Energy-saving Technology Application in Building Water Supply and Drainage Construction

Under the increasing demands as well as resource shortages in today’s society,energy-saving technologies in building water supply and drainage construction plays a vital role.Through the rational application of energy-saving technologies,energy consumption in water supply and drainage projects can be significantly minimized and wastage of water resources can be reduced.This will play a very promising role in promoting sustainable development of resources and environmental conservation in the modern era.This paper analyzes the application of energy-saving technology in building water supply and drainage construction,with an aspiration to make energy-saving technology more reasonable in today’s building water supply and drainage projects and to improve the quality of water supply and drainage construction projects,while achieving effective environmental protection.

Operation strategy and energy-saving of the solar lighting/heating system through spectral splitting

The performance of a solar lighting and heating system(SLHS)based on the spectral splitting effect of nanofluids is presented in this paper.SLHS through nanofluids would split the sunlight spectrum into different wavelength,and then introduce the visible light into the offices for lighting and absorb infrared energy to generate hot water.The Energy Plus software was used to analyze the energy consumption of typical office building located in the city of Harbin in China coupled with SLHS.Based on the simulation results two lighting zones were identified in the offices and the optimal lighting control strategy was developed for a full year.The performance models of SLHS with different light-receiving areas of 10 m^(2)and 40 m^(2)were simulated and validated using the existing experimental data.The overall energy-saving of the offices over a full year were analyzed using the validated model.Results demonstrated that for SLHS with the area of 40 m^(2),the rate of the energy saving in the offices due to lighting and hot water systems were 58.9%,and 19.3%,respectively.The system also had the additional benefit of reducing the cooling load of the air conditioning system during summer period together with improving the quality of the indoor environment resulting in better health and productivity of the occupants.

钙钛矿/铜铟镓硒叠层太阳电池的发展及展望

综述近年来钙钛矿/铜铟镓硒叠层太阳电池的发展现状,介绍钙钛矿/铜铟镓硒叠层太阳电池技术在效率和可靠性方面的优势。从工艺优化、结构协同设计和性能优化等方面对钙钛矿/铜铟镓硒叠层太阳电池进行总结,着重讨论叠层结构的每个子单元太阳电池复杂的协同效应。

基于轨迹数据的非机动车左转信号灯安全效应评估

【目的】对城市交叉口采用的左转非机动车信号灯设施进行交通安全性量化评估。【方法】提出一种基于拓展碰撞时间(extended time to collision,ETTC)指标的左转非机动车信号灯安全效应评估方法。针对现有的碰撞时间(time to collision,TTC)指标不适于评估交叉口左转非机动车冲突的问题,考虑非机动车车辆尺寸与加速度对交通冲突的影响,采用拓展碰撞时间指标,评估交叉口非机动车交通冲突。收集长沙市4个信号交叉口的视频大数据,利用视频软件Tracker提取车辆微观轨迹后,开展案例分析。【结果】左转非机动车信号灯在时间上明确了非机动车的通行权,其设置能显著降低非机动车冲突率,在平峰、高峰时段非机动车冲突率分别降低了40.11%、25.27%。在直行相位末期、左转相位即将启亮时,设置组的左转非机动车在待行区等待,冲突率降为0;而对比组近50%的非机动车违规左转,冲突严重。设置左转非机动车信号灯的改善效果随非机动车流量的增大呈先增加后降低趋势,而随机动车流量的增大呈逐步波动下降趋势。【结论】本研究揭示了非机动车左转信号灯的设置对减少交叉口交通冲突的影响,可为城市交叉口非机动车交通安全管控提供有益参考。

负载纳米钽的液晶显示光固化聚乳酸支架制备及促成骨性能

背景:聚乳酸因具有良好的生物相容性和可控的降解速率在生物医学工程中得到了广泛应用,然而存在机械强度低和生物活性不足等缺陷,限制了其在骨组织工程中的进一步应用。目的:构建聚乳酸/聚多巴胺/钽(PLA/PDA/Ta)骨组织工程支架,探究其生物安全性和体外促成骨性能。方法:利用液晶显示光固化技术制备具有多孔结构的聚乳酸(PLA)支架,将PLA支架分别浸泡在多巴胺溶液与多巴胺-纳米钽混合溶液中分别制备聚乳酸/聚多巴胺(PLA/PDA)支架、PLA/PDA/Ta支架,表征支架的微观形貌与水接触角。将MC3T3-E1细胞分别与PLA、PLA/PDA、PLA/PDA/Ta支架共培养,进行CCK-8检测与活/死细胞染色;成骨诱导分化后,进行碱性磷酸酶、茜素红染色及成骨基因检测。结果与结论:①扫描电镜下可见3种支架均具有互连的多孔三维结构,平均孔径为200μm;PLA/PDA/Ta支架的水接触角低于PLA、PLA/PDA支架(P<0.05);②CCK-8检测显示,相较于PLA、PLA/PDA支架,PLA/PDA/Ta支架可促进细胞的增殖(P<0.05);活/死细胞染色显示3组细胞增殖良好;③碱性磷酸酶与茜素红染色显示,相较于PLA、PLA/PDA支架,PLA/PDA/Ta支架可促进细胞碱性磷酸酶的表达与矿化结节形成;RT-qPCR检测显示,相较于PLA、PLA/PDA支架,PLA/PDA/Ta支架可促进细胞骨形态发生蛋白、Runx-2及Ⅰ型胶原mRNA的表达(P<0.05,P<0.01);④结果表明,PLA/PDA/Ta支架具有优异的促细胞增殖与成骨活性。

不平衡数据驱动的山区公路货车移动遮断险态跟驰行为识别模型

为识别山区双车道公路货车移动遮断下的小客车险态跟驰行为,基于无人机拍摄和视频轨迹提取技术提取车辆轨迹,利用人工少数类过采样法(Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique,SMOTE)对不平衡轨迹数据过采样,并对驾驶行为聚类分析,将跟驰行为标定为危险和安全两种类别;依据紧迫跟驰、偏移过大和车速变化大三种险态跟驰行为诱因,确定险态跟驰行为风险测度(Measure of Driving Risk,MOR),包括碰撞时间倒数、相对横向偏移量和速度变异系数,并将MOR和聚类标定标签作为识别模型输入变量;通过轻量梯度提升机(Light Gradient Boosting Machine,LGBM)建立险态跟驰行为识别模型,再通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machines,SVM)、随机森林(Random Forest,RF)和自适应增强(Adaptive Boosting,AdaBoost)算法验证模型的有效性。以云南省某山区双车道公路为例进行试验,共提取543对小客车跟驰货车轨迹数据,数据预处理后筛选出467对有效跟驰数据;经过采样处理和聚类标定,结果表明:小客车跟驰货车时,超三成小客车处于险态跟驰状态;险态跟驰行为直道和弯道识别模型的精确率分别达95.49%和95.48%,其中LGBM表现最稳定,而RF和AdaBoost的稳定性较差且精确率不高。基于LGBM的险态跟驰行为识别模型具有较高的准确率和稳定性,在车路协同和自动驾驶等领域有应用前景。

基于尾灯灯语的混行交通流车辆驾驶意图识别模型研究

针对长期存在自动驾驶车辆(autonomous vehicle,AV)与人工驾驶车辆(human-driven vehicle,HV)混行的交通现状,结合深度学习和HSV颜色特征提取方法,提出了一种在混行交通环境下基于尾灯灯语的车辆驾驶意图识别模型。以Mask R-CNN(mask region proposal convolutional neural network)车辆模型检测出的感兴趣区域RoI(region of interest)为限制,将区域内的HV作为研究对象,根据尾灯位置相关性,在HV车尾区域添加纵横向约束来定位传递灯语信号的左右尾灯;在规定的灯语组合及转向灯闪烁频率基础上,提出了一种基于时间序列的灯语识别算法,运用多目标判别相关性滤波CSRT(channel and spatial relatability tracking)跟踪HV尾灯并统计尾灯时序状态;以动态灯语作为输入,构建基于尾灯灯语的驾驶意图识别模型;使用基于真实路况信息的Cityspaces数据集和交通流视频数据对模型进行训练、验证和测试。研究结果表明:基于尾灯灯语的驾驶意图识别模型对视频流车辆尾灯检测准确率和召回率分别为96.0%、98.2%,对驾驶意图识别的平均准确率达到了95.9%,单帧识别耗时为20 ms,为高速混行环境下的AV决策规划提供了有效的理论依据。

新型动力轻型飞机飞行性能仿真评估

为评估新型动力轻型飞机的飞行安全性,基于民用航空器适航审定理念和方法,选取飞行关键的阶段,应用MATLAB软件模拟该型飞机起飞地面滑跑和起飞爬升性能,计算滑跑距离和爬升率。结果表明混合动力型轻型飞机的起飞地面滑跑距离缩短了10%,爬升性能提高了22%,同时混合动力型飞机对起飞机场的高度和温度环境适应能力也明显提升。该方法可作为混合动力轻型飞机适航审定中验证符合中国民航CCAR-23-R4规章第23.2115条款“起飞性能”和第23.2120条款“爬升”要求的一种方法。