Process Analysis of Double Circuit Transmission Line Trip-out on the Same Tower Due to Lightning

In recent years,several failures of double circuit transmission line on the same tower due to lightning were happened in Beijing power grid.Although it can be reclosed successful,the lightning strike caused a grave threat to the power grid security.The cause of the accident and the accident process were studied for the sake of further understanding of the impact of lightning on power grid.As an example,110 kV double circuit transmission line(Xilong-line) was analyzed.At first,the system topology was given.Through the analysis on relay protection actions and the fault recorder data,over voltage on the insulator strings was calculated.Based on the analysis and the calculation,accident cause and the process were presented respectively.Secondly,it comes to the conclusion that the lightning failure was caused by counterattack.The wave of the lightning over voltage would spread to the not grounded neutral point of the transformers,and make the neutral protective gap breakdown,then cause freewheeling with the frequency of 50 Hz.As results of the relay protection,the double circuit transmission line all tripped out.Finally,the causes of the accident were proposed that included terrain features,large corner towers,strong thunderstorm weather and poor grounded contact of the tower.

Study of Lightning Damage Risk Assessment Method for Power Grid

Based on the idea of risk evaluation, the existing lightning damage risk assessment methods are reviewed and summarized in this paper. And the power grid lightning damage risk assessment system is established on the basis of lightning flashover risk evaluation methodology for transmission lines, and adopts the improved Analytic Hierarchy Process as the core algorithm. It can comprehensively evaluate the risk for transmission lines of regional grid, various sections of a line and each tower of the section, considering much more impact factors, including the running time of line, importance of grades, equipment damage, and the success rate of lightning stroke reclosing and so on. According to the calculation results of the risk assessment of the analytic hierarchy process and lightning flashover risk evaluation, the principles and methods of grade classification for power grid lightning damage risk map are studied, and give typical examples in the paper. It can describe the lightning withstanding ability much more scientifically and provide important references for the manage department of power system.

6/10 kV配电线路防雷分析及应用

针对河南油田6/10 kV配电线路雷击跳闸情况,进行雷击过电压分析,得出雷击跳闸的主要原因为建弧率过高。由6/10 kV配电线路不同绝缘子配置方案下的雷击过电压的仿真计算结果可知,采用“一针两棒”绝缘子优化方案可使建弧率大幅降低,方案效果显著。

基于蒙特卡洛方法的配电网线路雷击跳闸率计算

雷击是造成配电网线路跳闸的主要因素,现提出基于蒙特卡洛方法来计算雷击跳闸率。通过模拟线路遭受雷击并判断随机变量的值是否满足线路跳闸的条件,对模拟结果进行统计,并通过屏蔽因子进行修正得到雷击跳闸率。同时结合某地区的雷电流幅值概率分布拟合曲线,计算该地区配电网线路的雷击跳闸率,并与IEEE和国标推荐法计算出的雷击跳闸率进行了比较,得出基于蒙特卡洛方法的拟合曲线计算出的雷击跳闸率更接近实际进行统计值,表明所提出的方法相比IEEE和国标推荐法具有较高的准确性。

Microphysical Characteristics of Extreme-Rainfall Convection over the Pearl River Delta Region, South China from Polarimetric Radar Data during the Pre-summer Rainy Season

During the pre-summer rainy season,heavy rainfall occurs frequently in South China.Based on polarimetric radar observations,the microphysical characteristics and processes of convective features associated with extreme rainfall rates(ERCFs)are examined.In the regions with high ERCF occurrence frequency,sub-regional differences are found in the lightning flash rate(LFR)distributions.In the region with higher LFRs,the ERCFs have larger volumes of high reflectivity factor above the freezing level,corresponding to more active riming processes.In addition,these ERCFs are more organized and display larger spatial coverage,which may be related to the stronger low-level wind shear and higher terrain in the region.In the region with lower LFRs,the ERCFs have lower echo tops and lower-echo centroids.However,no clear differences of the most unstable convective available potential energy(MUCAPE)exist in the ERCFs in the regions with different LFR characteristics.Regardless of the LFRs,raindrop collisional coalescence is the main process for the growth of raindrops in the ERCFs.In the ERCFs within the region with lower LFRs,the main mechanism for the rapid increase of liquid water content with decreasing altitude below 4 km is through the warm-rain processes converting cloud drops to raindrops.However,in those with higher LFRs,the liquid water content generally decreases with decreasing altitude.

±800 kV特高压直流输电线路雷电性能及防护措施研究

[目的]雷击是造成±800 kV特高压直流输电线路故障的首要原因,开展输电线路防雷评估对系统的安全与稳定运行至关重要。[方法]文章依托我国某在建±800 kV特高压直流输电线路工程,根据工程设计使用条件选用导、地线型,通过沿线各海拔、气象区分布塔型数量,确定了主力杆塔;综合沿线各塔位地面倾角、土壤电阻率、雷暴日、气象区等分布比例,评估了全线耐雷性能,并针对工程雷电特性,提出了具体的防雷优化措施,此外,还对比了电气几何模型(EGM)法中关于地形考虑的2种方法间的计算差异。[结果]计算结果表明:工程综合雷击闪络率不满足设计参考值要求,全线以绕击防护为主,沿线雷暴日与杆塔正极侧的地形条件是防雷关键影响因素。[结论]将全线位于C级及以上多雷区,山区正极侧地面倾角≥25°的杆塔保护角采用-15°设计后,可满足雷击闪络率不大于0.10次/(100 km·a·40 d)的防雷要求,经分析对比邻近已投运±800 kV线路的耐雷性能与实际运行数据,论述了文章计算方法及结果的合理性。

Impact of Updraft on Neutralized Charge Rate by Lightning in Thunderstorms:A Simulation Case Study

The rate of neutralized charge by lightning（RNCL） is an important parameter indicating the intensity of lightning activity.The total charging rate（CR）,the CR of one kind of polarity（e.g.,negative） charge（CROP）,and the outflow rate of charge on precipitation（ORCP） are proposed as key factors impacting RNCL,based on the principle of conservation of one kind of polarity charge in a thunderstorm.In this paper,the impacts of updraft on CR and CROP are analyzed by using a 3D cloud resolution model for a strong storm that occurred in Beijing on 6 September 2008.The results show that updraft both promotes and inhibits RNCL at the same time.（1） Updraft always has a positive influence on CR.The correlation coefficient between the updraft volume and CR can reach 0.96.Strengthening of the updraft facilitates strengthening of RNCL through this positive influence.（2） Strengthening of the updraft also promotes reinforcement of CROP.The correlation coefficient between the updraft volume and CROP is high（about0.9）,but this promotion restrains the strengthening of RNCL because the strengthening of CROP will,most of the time,inhibit the increasing of RNCL.（3） Additionally,increasing of ORCP depresses the strengthening of RNCL.In terms of magnitude,the peak of ORCP is equal to the peak of CR.Because precipitation mainly appears after the lightning activity finishes,the depression effect of ORCP on RNCL can be ignored during the active lightning period.

基于架空线雷击概率辅助计算软件的设计研究

输电线路作为电力系统的关键组成部分,保持其安全稳定运行至关重要。据统计,由输电线路故障引起的电力系统事故占多数,做好输电线路的防雷工作对我国经济的持续发展具有重要意义。首先研究了雷电相关参数以及防雷计算的基本方法,对比各算法的优缺点,然后结合环境因素,提出了基于改进电气几何模型法的地区差异化防雷算法。针对不同地形条件,提出了线路绕击跳闸率的计算方法,并使用MATLAB图形用户界面,开发了一款差异化防雷辅助计算软件,可以实现不同电压等级和不同地区年雷击次数、击杆率、耐雷水平、绕击跳闸率、输电线路雷击跳闸率的快速准确计算。

某大型体育场电气设计要点简析

通过对比分析大型体育场的电气主接线方案、变电所设置位置、各种运营模式下的变压器负载率等,归纳总结大型体育场负荷分级、供电电源及自备电源、电缆桥架上网架屋面通道、防雷接地等电气设计要点,提出大型体育场电气设计过程中针对演艺需求、公益需求及运营模式需要重点关注的事项及应对措施。

浸渍对石墨接地材料理化、电气性能的影响研究

浸渍液是以磷酸、磷酸盐、硼酸盐为主要试剂,为改善输配电接地工程用柔性石墨接地材料抗高温氧化性能差、温度耐受性低等问题配制而成,通过高温灼烧和工频大电流短路的方法测量柔性石墨接地材料的氧化失重率、机械性能、电气性能。结果表明:浸渍处理后的柔性石墨接地材料,高温灼烧时长为1h,灼烧温度在700℃以下时,柔性石墨接地材料的氧化失重率降低90%,断裂负荷变化率、交直流电阻绝对变化率也均未超过DL/T 2095—2020要求的10%变化率限制,浸渍液在柔性石墨接地材料表面形成了抗氧化涂层,阻止了柔性石墨接地材料在高温下的氧化,使得其抗高温氧化性能显著提高。

福州地震台VS型垂直摆倾斜仪观测资料分析

【目的】福州地震台VS型垂直摆倾斜仪安装至今十余年,运行稳定,观测环境无明显变化,通过对观测资料进行分析,总结经验以便提高观测资料质量。【方法】选取2015—2022年资料,计算连续率、完整率、相对噪声水平、潮汐参数,识别降雨、雷电、观测系统、人为、同震响应等干扰。统计内在精度,对仪器受到的典型干扰进行分类说明。【结果】垂直摆运行率达到99.5%以上,同震效应好,内在精度EW分量优于NS分量,降雨干扰影响固体潮整体形态,数据容易超量程。【结论】后续要加强日常观测中对原始数据的监控,同时与厂家探讨降低零漂的措施。

基于改进雷击跳闸率计算方法的配网差异化防雷研究

10 kV配电线路绝缘水平低,且线路走廊内微地形环境对线路雷击跳闸率有较大影响,在遇雷击后线路发生雷击断线的概率较高。因此,本文仿真计算了线路在有无避雷器时的耐雷水平,利用不同地形走廊环境之间配电线路长度、雷击故障、地闪密度的差异,提出修正因子k对传统雷击跳闸率计算公式进行修正。以典型线路作为案例分析,根据线路地形特征和雷电活动差异进行综合性雷击风险评估,精确确定雷电易击段,为差异化防雷策略提供理论依据。

风电场220 kV送出线路防雷性能评估

某风电场新建线路地处雷电高发区域,输电杆塔架设不仅存在交叉跨越公路与输电线路等情况,而且其高度与土壤电阻率也会对雷击跳闸率有影响,故需基于线路实际数据对送出线路进行防雷性能评估,同时确定经济的防雷方案。采用PSCAD软件对输电线路进行模拟仿真,计算反击跳闸率,对比相关标准,给出评估结果。

基于PSCAD的输电线路防雷设计优化

某风电场新建线路的防雷性能评估仅考虑反击跳闸率不足以满足实际工程需求,因此在考虑反击跳闸率的基础上,增加绕击跳闸率及综合跳闸率的评判标准,此外针对避雷器的选型也作出了理论判断。采用PSCAD软件对输电线路进行模拟仿真,计算绕击与综合跳闸率,并根据风险等级的不同,采取差异化改造,对比优化前后结果。

C-GIS 35 kV插拔式避雷器的研究

介绍了一种基于C-GIS的35 kV插拔式避雷器的结构、特点,对避雷器的电位进行了模拟计算,并验证了一套设计方案。通过ANSYS软件施加激励电场,分析发现若不采取均压措施改善电位分布,在长期运行中高压端的氧化锌电阻片会因受到过电压而加速老化,电阻片电位分布不均匀,电阻性能被破坏,从而导致其他电阻片承担电压值增大,最终造成整支避雷器的损坏,使避雷器预期运行寿命缩短。研究结果对插拔式避雷器的设计和参数选取具有重要参考价值。

输电线路防雷性能时空差异化评估方法

为有效掌握输电线路防雷性能,根据雷电活动特征在时间和空间上存在较大差异,输电线路在遭受雷击时其防雷性能也呈现出相应的时空差异性的情况,提出了一种输电线路防雷性能时空差异化评估方法。该方法基于雷电定位系统长期的雷电监测数据,采用输电线路走廊雷电参数网格统计法,统计给定输电线路沿线路走廊的任意指定时间段内雷电参数,得出线路实际的地闪密度和雷电流概率密度分布,再用雷击跳闸率计算方法计算线路及其各个区段在改指定时间段内的雷击跳闸率,并以输电线路防雷性能的设计值、规定值或运行经验值为参考划分评估等级,评估出输电线路防雷性能在空间上和时间上的差异。评估结果可有效帮助输电线路设计和运行部门更加细致地、有针对性地采取防雷措施来提高线路防雷性能。

220kV新杭线Ⅰ回路27年雷电流幅值实测结果的技术分析

根据220 kV新杭线Ⅰ回路全线1962—1988年实测得到的716次雷击记录,分析了该线雷击闪络原因,求得了绕击率和雷击跳闸率;并根据雷击跳闸率的变化和雷电流在杆塔中的分流情况,说明改进防雷措施。根据全线雷击点位置的统计确定了多雷区和易击点,为该线有重点、有选择性地加强防雷措施提供了实测依据。此外,还对这些实测数据进行分类统计,得到了该线雷电流幅值累积概率分布等雷电自然参数。

降低配电线路雷击断线和跳闸率的防护措施

配电网架空线路雷击跳闸率高,绝缘导线还存在雷击断线问题。针对此问题,模拟试验和计算研究了配电网冲击绝缘耐受水平,得出采用2种不同绝缘水平的绝缘横担时的雷击跳闸率;针对目前采用氧化锌避雷器铺设地网施工难度大及接地引下线易被盗问题,研究开发出10 kV线路雷击闪络保护器,试验研究了其动作特性。根据试验和仿真计算结果,提出的配电网线路防雷措施,可以防止雷击断线并降低线路雷击跳闸率80%以上。

实际雷电活动分布下的线路雷击跳闸率计算

为更好地预防输电线路雷害,以湖南省220kV线路柘泉线为例进行研究,依托于湖南省雷电定位系统,对2000～2005年该线路走廊的落雷进行了分段统计,发现同一线路各个区段间落雷存在较大差异,且同一区段的落雷年间存在规律。同时应用规程法分别计算了该线路在实测落雷密度下与规程落雷密度下的理论雷击跳闸率,对比发现,实测落雷密度下的计算值能与该线路的历史跳闸记录更好地相符。因此建议,借助雷电定位系统,采用实测落雷历史数据,在线路设计与改造中采取分段标准的新线路防雷设计方法。

PW线升高或架设避雷线雷电防护效果综合评估

升高PW线兼做避雷线或单独架设避雷线可以有效提高接触网雷电防护性能。为了评估2种改造方案雷电防护效果,通过电磁暂态仿真程序(EMTP)仿真计算接触网2种改造方案耐雷性能;并基于电气几何模型(EGM)推导了自耦变压器(AT)供电方式接触网雷击跳闸率计算式,计算了改造前后雷击跳闸的变化。计算结果表明:2种方案均可以有效提高接触网反击耐雷性能,第1种方案反击耐雷性能提高20%左右,第2种方案反击耐雷性能提高40%左右,对绕击耐雷性能影响不大。通过对跳闸率计算可以发现,采用第1种方案总雷击跳闸率有效降低64.9%,而采用第2种方案总雷击跳闸率有效降低70.4%。同时,接触网改造后增加了反击跳闸率,并且随着接地电阻的降低,反击跳闸率降低。计算结果可为接触网防雷改造提供参考依据。