An Anti-Physical Attack Scheme of ARX Lightweight Algorithms for IoT Applications

The lightweight encryption algorithm based on Add-Rotation-XOR(ARX)operation has attracted much attention due to its high software affinity and fast operation speed.However,lacking an effective defense scheme for physical attacks limits the applications of the ARX algorithm.The critical challenge is how to weaken the direct dependence between the physical information and the secret key of the algorithm at a low cost.This study attempts to explore how to improve its physical security in practical application scenarios by analyzing the masking countermeasures of ARX algorithms and the leakage causes.Firstly,we specify a hierarchical security framework by quantitatively evaluating the indicators based on side-channel attacks.Then,optimize the masking algorithm to achieve a trade-off balance by leveraging the software-based local masking strategies and non-full-round masking strategies.Finally,refactor the assembly instruction to improve the leaks by exploring the leakage cause at assembly instruction.To illustrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme,we further conducted a case study by designing a software-based masking method for Chaskey.The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively weaken the impact of physical attacks.

Curve25519 based lightweight end-to-end encryption in resource constrained autonomous 8-bit IoT devices

Robust encryption techniques require heavy computational capability and consume large amount of memory which are unaffordable for resource constrained IoT devices and Cyber-Physical Systems with an inclusion of general-purpose data manipulation tasks.Many encryption techniques have been introduced to address the inability of such devices,lacking in robust security provision at low cost.This article presents an encryption technique,implemented on a resource constrained IoT device(AVR ATmega2560)through utilizing fast execution and less memory consumption properties of curve25519 in a novel and efficient lightweight hash function.The hash function utilizes GMP library for multi-precision arithmetic calculations and pre-calculated curve points to devise a good cipher block using ECDH based key exchange protocols and large random prime number generator function.

Novel Sequence Number Based Secure Authentication Scheme for Wireless LANs

Authentication per frame is an implicit necessity for security in wireless local area networks（WLANs）. We propose a novel per frame secure authentication scheme which provides authentication to data frames in WLANs. The scheme involves no cryptographic overheads for authentication of frames.It utilizes the sequence number of the frame along with the authentication stream generators for authentication.Hence, it requires no extra bits or messages for the authentication purpose and also no change in the existing frame format is required. The scheme provides authentication by modifying the sequence number of the frame at the sender, and that the modification is verified at the receiver. The modified sequence number is protected by using the XOR operation with a random number selected from the random stream. The authentication is lightweight due to the fact that it requires only trivial arithmetic operations like the subtraction and XOR operation.