Influence Mechanism of Curing Regimes on Interfacial Transition Zone of Lightweight Ultra-High Performance Concrete

This study aims to clarify the effects of curing regimes and lightweight aggregate(LWA)on the morphology, width and mechanical properties of the interfacial transition zone(ITZ) of ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC), and provide reference for the selection of lightweight ultra-high performance concrete(L-UHPC) curing regimes and the pre-wetting degree LWA. The results show that, under the three curing regimes(standard curing, steam curing and autoclaved curing), LWA is tightly bound to the matrix without obvious boundaries. ITZ width increases with the water absorption of LWA and decreases with increasing curing temperature. The ITZ microhardness is the highest when water absorption is 3%, and the microhardness value is more stable with the distance from LWA. Steam and autoclaved curing increase ITZ microhardness compared to standard curing. As LWA pre-wetting and curing temperatures increase, the degree of hydration at the ITZ increases, generating high-density CSH(HD CSH) and ultra-high-density CSH(UHD CSH), and reducing unhydrated particles in ITZ. ITZ micro-mechanical properties are optimized due to hydration products being denser.

The Testing Strength Curves of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete by Rebound Method and Ultrasonic-rebound Combined Method

The strength curves of lightweight aggregate concrete （LWAC） were tested based on detecting LWAC with density of 1 400-1 900 kg/m3 and LWAC with strength grade of LC15-LC50 by rebound method and ultrasonic-rebound combined method.The results show that the common measured strength curves tested by above two methods can not satisfy the required accuracy of LWAC strength test.In addition,specified compressive strength curves of testing LWAC by rebound method and ultrasonic-rebound combined method are obtained,respectively.

Autogenous Shrinkage of High Strength Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

The characteristic of autogenous shrinkage（AS） and its effect on high strength lightweight aggregate concrete（HSLAC） were studied.The experimental results show that the main shrinkage of high strength concrete is AS and the amount of cement can affect the AS of HSLAC remarkably,At the early stage the AS of HSLAC is lower than that of high strength normal concrete,but it has a large growth at the later stage.The AS of high strength normal concrete becomes stable at 90d age,but HSLAC still has a high AS growth .It is found that adjusting the volume rate of lightweight aggregate,mixing with a proper dosage of fly ash and raising the water saturation degree of lightweight aggregate can markedly reduce the AS rate of HSLAC.

Strength of Lightweight Concrete Under Triaxial Compression

The strength of lightweight concrete under triaxial compressive stress is studied experimentally with the concrete triaxial apparatus designed by the authors, and is compared with that of normal concrete under the same stress state. Ninety-five 100 mm cubes under twenty stress ratios are tested. As compared with normal concrete, it is found that not only the multiaxial compressive strength of lightweight concrete is small, but also the ratio of the multiaxial compressive strength to the uniaxial compressive strength is small. The influence of the intermediate principal stress on the multiaxial strength of lightweight concrete is discussed. The strength criteria which are expressed in the principal stresses and the octahedral stresses respectively are proposed.

Brittleness Generation Mechanism and Failure Model of High Strength Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

The brittleness generation mechanism of high strength lightweight aggregate con-crete(HSLWAC) was presented, and it was indicated that lightweight aggregate was the vulnerable spot, initiating brittleness. Based on the analysis of the brittleness failure by the load-deflection curve, the brittleness presented by HSLWAC was more prominent compared with ordinary lightweight aggregate concrete of the same strength grade. The model of brittleness failure was also established.

Experimental Study on Flexural Behavior of Post-Tensioning Bonded Partially Prestressed Ultra-High Strength Concrete Beams

This paper presents the results of four partially prestressed ultra-high strength concrete beams in flexure. The test results are used to evaluate the effects of prestressing tendon depth and area on flexure behavior of specimen beams. The test results indicate that: the cracking load,yielding load,peak load and stiffness postcracking of specimen beams are enhanced by reducing prestressing tendon depth or increasing prestressing tendon area, and the flexural ductility is improved by increasing prestressing tendon depth or reducing prestressing tendon area. The effect of complex reinforcement index considering the strength of the equivalence principle and the reinforcement position on loading levels under serviceability limit state,flexural strength and displacement ductility factor are studied. The influence coefficient of prestressing tendon kpis introduced in the complex reinforcement index. As the complex reinforcement index increases, the loading levels under serviceability limit state and flexural strength increases linearly,and the displacement ductility factor decreases linearly. The test results also verify the conventional beam flexural theory based on the plane cross-section assumption for predicting ultimate flexural strength of partially prestressed ultra-high strength concrete beams is valid. After the introduction of the coefficient kp,the calculation method of cracks in code for design of concrete structure in china are appropriated for the specimen beams.

Design of Eco-friendly Ultra-high Performance Concrete with Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Coarse Aggregate

Aiming to investigate the mix design of eco-friendly UHPC with supplementary cementitious materials and coarser aggregates, we comprehensively studied the workability, microstructure, porosity, compressive strength, flexural strength, and Young’s modulus of UHPC. Relationship between compressive strength and Young’s modulus was obtained eventually. It is found that the compressive strength, flexural strength, and Young’s modulus of UHPC increase by 19.01%, 10.81%, and 5.99%, respectively, when 40 wt% cement is replaced with supplementary cementitious materials. The relationship between compressive strength and Young’s modulus of UHPC is an exponential form.

Cellular lightweight concrete containing high-calcium fly ash and natural zeolite

Cellular lightweight concrete （CLC） with the controlled density of approximately 800 kg/m3 was made from a preformed foam, Type-I Portland cement （OPC）, fly ash （FA）, or natural zeolite （NZ）, and its compressive strength, setting time, water absorption, and microstructure of were tested. High-calcium FA and NZ with the median particle sizes of 14.52 and 7.72 μm, respectively, were used to partially replace OPC at 0, 10wt%, 20wt%, and 30wt% of the binder （OPC and pozzolan admixture）. A water-to-binder mass ratio （W/B） of 0.5 was used for all mixes. The testing results indicated that CLC containing 10wt% NZ had the highest compressive strength. The replacement of OPC with NZ decreased the total porosity and air void size but increased the capillary porosity of the CLC. The incorporation of a suitable amount of NZ decreased the setting time, total porosity, and pore size of the paste compared with the findings with the same amount of FA. The total porosity and cumulative pore volume decreased, whereas the gel and capillary pores increased as a result of adding both pozzolans at all replacement levels. The water absorption increased as the capillary porosity increased; this effect depended on the volume of air entrained and the type or amount of pozzolan.

Different Curing Systems on Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete with Coarse Aggregate

High durability and high tensile strength makes ultra-high performance concrete( UHPC) an ideal material for bridges,while its early shrinkage in the construction of cast-in-situ mass concrete leads structure crack-easily,which restricts the application of UHPC in deck system. Whether reasonable amount of coarse aggregate can influence the strength of UHPC and improve the shrinkage performance or reduce the cost is still in doubt. Besides,in order to improve its constructability and workability, whether autoclaved curing system of UHPC can be changed remains to be further researched. In response to these circumstances, a systematic experimental study on the strength of UHPC mixed with coarse aggregate in different ratios has been presented in this paper. The three curing systems,namely standard curing,180-200 ℃/1. 1 MPa autoclaved curing,and hot water curing were tested to reveal the relationship between UHPC's properties and curing systems,and the UHPC ' s microstructure was also preliminarily studied by scanning electron microscope( SEM). The experimental research can draw the following conclusions. Under the condition of the same mix ratio, autoclaved curing guarantees the highest compressive strength,followed by hot water curing and standard curing. The compressive strength of concrete increases with the temperature in the range of 25 to 90 ℃ hot water curing,and high temperature in precuring period can speed up the strength development of UHPC,but the sequence of precuring period does not obviously affect the results. In 90 ℃ hot water and autoclaved curing,the strength is over 150 MPa,and it has little relation with gravel ratio. While the value increases first and then decreases in a lower temperature curing with the increasing of gravel amount,even only about 80 MPa at room temperature. The strength increases moderately along with the increase of the curing age by standard curing,especially in the initial stage.

Simulation about hot stamping of ultra-high strength steel on the basis of lightweight technology

With the development of automobile lightweight,it is very necessary to apply the ultra-high strength steel parts manufactured by hot stamping,which offers the possibility to reduce the weight of automobiles and maintain the safety requirement.In order to complete hot stamping,it is important to design the structure of parts reasonably,which is related with reasonable matching of strength.The objective of this paper is to guide the design of parts manufactured by hot stamping and find the forming technical requirements of vehicle performance.Through experiments,the paper obtains the stress and strain curves at different deformation temperatures and strain rates.Based on experimental data, the constitutive relationship model is established which can reflect the deformation capacity of ultra-high strength steel during the process of hot stamping.Combined with finite element simulation results of hot stamping by commercial software AUTOFORM,transfer path of load and matching law of strength,the paper determines the design criteria and forming technical requirements of parts manufactured by hot stamping.At the same time,the impact performance of front cross member internal plate is taken into consideration.

Size Variation of Palm Kernel Shells as Replacement of Coarse Aggregate for Lightweight Concrete Production

The utilization of palm kernel shells (PKS) as an alternative to conventional materials for construction is desirable to promote sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the properties of lightweight concrete produced with different sizes of PKS of 6, 8, 10, 12 mm and mix (consisting of 25% each of the four sizes). RPK sizes were used to replace coarse aggregate in the concrete and cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The tests performed on the concrete are dry density, compressive strength, flexural strength, EDS and SEM. It was revealed that the densities of the concrete specimens were all less than 2000 kg/m3, which implies that the PKS concrete satisfied the requirement of lightweight concrete for structural application. The compressive strength of the 12 mm PKS concrete specimens at 28-day of curing was 10.2 MPa which was 4% to 15.9% better than the other PKS sizes concrete. The flexural strength of the 12 mm PKS concrete specimens at 28-day of curing was 2.85 MPa which was also 3.2% to 57.07% better than the other PKS sizes concrete. It was also revealed by the SEM analysis that there was a good bond between the palm kernel shells and the mortar. A high calcium-silicate content was found in the concrete which resulted in a Ca/Si ratio of 1.26 and Al/Si ratio of 0.11. The study therefore concludes that size variations of PKS as replacement of coarse aggregate have an influence on the properties of the lightweight concrete and recommends 12 mm PKS for use by construction practitioners for lightweight concrete structural application.

A Research on the Usage of Corn Cob in Producing Lightweight Concrete

In this study, the possibility of using corn cobs as an organic aggregate in producing lightweight concrete has been investigated. First, some important physical properties of corn cob have been determined in the laboratory. These properties are as follows: weight to volume ratio (unit weight), water absorption rate and granulometric analysis. Later on, 4 concrete mixtures have been prepared according to the workability of concrete and standards specified in Turkey. After that, unit weight, heat transmissibility coefficient and 28-day pressure strength of these 4 concrete samples have been determined using machines measuring these properties. The 28-day pressure endurance value has been found between 1.4 - 56.25 kgf/cm2, heat transmissibility coefficient has been found between 0.19 - 0.35 Kcal/m∙h∙˚C and unit weight of samples have been found between 800 - 1520 kg/m3. Lastly, these properties of concrete samples have been compared with other lightweight materials being used in the construction of buildings.

双掺陶粒轻质高强混凝土的力学及耐久性能试验研究

通过在混凝土中掺入黏土陶粒和页岩陶粒,使其具备较高强度的同时具有较低的干表观密度和较好的耐久性能,旨在探索制备28 d干表观密度不大于1950 kg/m3、28 d强度不小于50 MPa的轻质高强混凝土(Lightweight High-Strength Concrete,缩写:LWHSC)的方法。同时研究了黏土陶粒和页岩陶粒双掺对轻质高强混凝土抗压强度、干表观密度和耐久性的影响。结果表明,所制备的LWHSC的抗压强度试件破坏形态无异于普通混凝土,但使用黏土陶粒部分替代页岩陶粒可有效降低LWHSC干表观密度;适当增加胶凝材料用量并辅以优化陶粒的双掺比例,对除抗冻性以外的其它耐久性能具有一定的改善作用。研究成果可为认识、优化和开发页岩陶粒和黏土陶粒双掺LWHSC及其在工程中的应用提供参考。

预置轻骨料混凝土中灌浆料与轻骨料的匹配机制研究

本文制备了不同强度等级(60、75、90、100、110、120 MPa)的轻质高强灌浆料,通过与不同类型、强度的轻骨料(高强球形粉煤灰陶粒、低强球形粉煤灰陶粒、碎石形页岩陶粒)复合,研究了预置轻骨料混凝土中灌浆料与轻骨料之间的匹配机制。结果表明,预置轻骨料混凝土强度与灌浆料强度存在分段线性关系,拟合曲线斜率可近似反映对灌浆料强度的利用效率。随着灌浆料强度等级提高,所配制混凝土对灌浆料强度的利用率下降。骨料的筒压强度与粒形也会影响灌浆料强度的利用率。由于嵌锁效应,碎石形页岩陶粒制备的轻骨料混凝土强度显著高于相近筒压强度球形粉煤灰骨料制备的混凝土。采用高强球形粉煤灰陶粒与碎石形页岩陶粒可分别制备出抗压强度为81.2 MPa、干表观密度为1 735 kg/m^(3)与抗压强度为68.2 MPa、干表观密度为1 520 kg/m^(3)的预置轻骨料混凝土。

混杂纤维高强轻骨料混凝土单轴受压试验研究

为了改善高强轻骨料混凝土(HSLC)的脆性破坏特征,采用钢纤维(SF)和聚丙烯纤维(PF)对HSLC进行增强,通过单轴受压试验研究两种纤维对HSLC单轴受压性能的影响。结果表明:SF和PF的体积掺量分别为2.0%和0.2%时具有最优的混杂效应,应力-应变曲线拐点处应力和收敛点处应变较单掺SF时分别提高了10.0%和56.5%,较单掺PF时分别提高了99.1%和150%;混杂纤维使HSLC的峰值应力、峰值应变和弹性模量最高分别提升了19.0%、1.20%和16.9%。最后,基于试验数据,提出了考虑两种纤维混杂效应的峰值应力、峰值应变和弹性模量的计算公式,建立了双参数混杂纤维增强HSLC的单轴受压本构模型,并且其与试验曲线吻合较好。该研究结果可为纤维增强HSLC的结构设计提供理论参考。

碳纤维掺量对轻骨料混凝土抗压强度的影响

为探究轻骨料混凝土掺入不同量碳纤维后的抗压强度变化,取不同量碳纤维制备轻骨料混凝土并根据相关试验规范分别制作棱柱体试件和立方体试件,测定各组试件的抗压强度,分析各组试件抗压强度随碳纤维掺量的变化规律。试验结果表明:掺加适量碳纤维能够强化轻骨料混凝土抗压强度,但掺量过大反而会导致结构强度下降,其中碳纤维质量分数取0.1%时性能达到较高值;立方体试件相较棱柱试件具有更优良的强度性能,但工程实践中所用混凝土结构通常为近似棱柱体形状,建议后续进一步研究棱柱体混凝土强度性能的主要影响因素。

轻骨料混凝土锚固化学锚栓拔出承载能力试验研究

我国《混凝土结构后锚固技术规程》(JGJ 145-2013)并未对化学锚栓在轻骨料混凝土中的使用做出规定,国内外也缺少相关研究,制约了化学锚栓的应用。为研究拔出破坏模式下轻骨料混凝土锚固化学锚栓的抗拉性能,本文采用通丝及倒锥形化学锚栓,设计并进行了11组静力约束抗拉试验,分析化学锚栓直径、锚固深度、化学锚栓类型等因素对轻骨料混凝土中化学锚栓抗拉性能的影响。通过试验结果可以发现,后锚固化学锚栓的破坏模式包括胶-混界面破坏、胶-筋界面破坏、锚栓钢材破坏和劈裂破坏;倒锥形化学锚栓的承载力较通丝化学锚栓低,易发生胶-筋界面破坏,而通丝化学锚栓易发生胶-混界面破坏;通丝化学锚栓的平均粘结强度随锚固深度增大而增大,与化学锚栓的直径相关性不大,抗拉承载力均随锚固深度和直径的增加而增大。

再生塑料轻质混凝土应用性能试验及结果分析

为分析再生塑料轻质混凝土在建筑工程中的应用效果,将废弃塑料制备为再生塑料颗粒,在其取代砂子的替代率分别是20%、40%、60%、80%的条件下,分析再生塑料轻质混凝土试件的干表观密度、吸水性以及抗压强度,试验结果显示,当替代率条件为20%时,试件干表观密度、吸水性以及抗压强度状态最优;结合最优配合比条件制备混凝土梁,将其投入建筑工程应用后,再生塑料轻质混凝土梁试件的峰值荷载、峰值挠度、峰值拉应变、极限拉应变均优于普通混凝土,能够减少建筑结构构件损伤;但再生塑料轻质混凝土梁试件的自生收缩应变大于普通混凝土,实际应用时需考虑此方面问题;该材料利大于弊,在建筑工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。

飞机拦阻系统用超轻质混凝土制备与性能研究

文中建立“P·I水泥+惰性掺合料”胶凝材料体系制备飞机拦阻系统用超轻质混凝土,并与P·II水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥进行对比。研究结果表明,P·I水泥体系制备的超轻质混凝土气孔孔径集中分布在1.0~2.0 mm,60~150 d溃缩强度变化率为4.81%,半溃缩能软化系数和抗冻系数分别为0.67和0.70,超轻质混凝土力学性能稳定性显著提高。

铸造废砂对轻骨料自密实混凝土耐高温性能的影响及建模分析

采用铸造废砂(WFS)等质量替代0、25%、50%、75%、100%的河砂制备了轻骨料自密实混凝土(LWASCC),研究了LWASCC在不同温度(20、100、200、300、400℃)下的力学性能和导热系数变化规律,并采用有限元软件建立了高温环境中LWASCC的传热模型。结果表明:随着WFS掺量的增加,试件在不同温度下的抗压强度基本均先增大后减小;经历100~300℃高温后,试件的抗压强度较20℃时有所提高,而经历400℃高温后,试件的抗压强度较20℃时基本有所降低;试件的导热系数随着WFS掺量的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势;建立的传热模型能有效模拟LWASCC在高温下的传热过程;综合考虑试验及模拟结果,当WFS掺量为50%时,LWASCC的耐高温性能最好。