Effects of protein and lignin on cellulose and xylan anaylses of lignocellulosic biomass

Interactions of lignocellulosic components during fiber analysis were investigated using the highly adopted compositional analysis procedure from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory（NREL）,USA.Synthetic feedstock samples were used to study the effects of lignin/protein,cellulose/protein,and xylan/protein interaction on carbohydrate analysis.Disregarding structural influence in the synthetic samples,lignin and protein components were the most significant（P〈0.05）factors on cellulose analysis.Measured xylan was consistent and unaffected by content variation throughout the synthetic analysis.Validation of the observed relationships from synthetic feedstocks was fulfilled using real lignocellulosic feedstocks：corn stover,poplar,and alfalfa,in which similar results have been obtained,excluding cellulose analysis of poplar under higher protein content and xylan analysis of alfalfa under higher protein content.The results elucidated that according to their protein and lignin contents of different lignocellulosic materials,accuracy of the NREL method on cellulose and xylan analyses could be improved by applying a stronger extraction step to replace water/ethanol extraction.

Lignocellulosic biomass as sustainable feedstock and materials for power generation and energy storage

Lignocellulosic biomass has attracted great interest in recent years for energy production due to its renewability and carbon-neutral nature.There are various ways to convert lignocellulose to gaseous,liquid and solid fuels via thermochemical,chemical or biological approaches.Typical biomass derived fuels include syngas,bio-gas,bio-oil,bioethanol and biochar,all of which could be used as fuels for furnace,engine,turbine or fuel cells.Direct biomass fuel cells mediated by various electron carriers provide a new direction of lignocellulose conversion.Various metal and non-metal based carriers have been screened for mediating the electron transfer from biomass to oxygen thus generating electricity.The power density of direct biomass fuel cells can be over 100 mW cm^(-2),which shows promise for practical applications.Lignocellulose and its isolated components,primarily cellulose and lignin,have also been paid considerable attention as sustainable carbonaceous materials for preparation of electrodes for supercapacitors,lithium-ion batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries.In this paper,we have provided a state-of-the-art review on the research progress of lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock and materials for power generation and energy storage focusing on the chemistry aspects of the processes.It was recommended that process integration should be performed to reduce the cost for thermochemical and biological conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels,while efforts should be made to increase efficiency and improve the properties for biomass fuelled fuel cells and biomass derived electrodes for energy storage.

木质纤维生物质热化学转化预处理技术研究进展

主要介绍了木质纤维生物质原料的组分,综述了物理法、物理-化学法和化学法3种预处理方式在木质纤维生物质热化学转化中应用的研究进展,并阐述了各预处理方式对原料和转化产物的影响,指出它们在应用方面的缺憾及限制,最后对木质纤维生物质的预处理方式进行了展望。

离子液体对模拟生物质原料组分的选择性分离

设计合成了一系列咪唑基羧酸盐离子液体:1丁基3甲基咪唑甲酸盐,1丁基3甲基咪唑乙酸盐,1丁基3甲基咪唑乳酸盐,1丁基3甲基咪唑乙醇酸盐,1丁基3甲基咪唑苯甲酸盐和1丁基3甲基咪唑二氰胺盐,并采用氢核磁方法对这些离子液体进行了表征和结构确认。研究了离子液体的阴离子结构、体系溶解温度对木质素和木聚糖溶解度的影响。根据不同离子液体对纤维素、木聚糖、木质素溶解性能的差异,实现了模拟生物质原料3个组分的选择性逐级分离,木质素、木聚糖和纤维素的分离质量分数分别为76.9%、75.4%和99.3%。离子液体[C4mim][N(CN)2]的回收质量分数为89.6%。

Overview of biomass pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production

Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol is significantly hindered by the structural and chemical complexity of biomass,which makes these materials a challenge to be used as feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production.Cellulose and hemicellulose,when hydrolyzed into their component sugars,can be converted into ethanol through well established fermentation technologies.However,sugars necessary for fermentation are trapped inside the crosslinking structure of the lignocellulose.Hence,pretreatment of biomass is always necessary to remove and/or modify the surrounding matrix of lignin and hemicellulose prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysaccharides(cellulose and hemicellulose)in the biomass.Pretreatment refers to a process that converts lignocellulosic biomass from its native form,in which it is recalcitrant to cellulase enzyme systems,into a form for which cellulose hydrolysis is much more effective.In general,pretreatment methods can be classified into three categories,including physical,chemical,and biological pretreatment.The subject of this paper emphasizes the biomass pretreatment in preparation for enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation for cellulosic ethanol production.It primarily covers the impact of biomass structural and compositional features on the pretreatment,the characteristics of different pretreatment methods,the pretreatment study status,challenges,and future research targets.

植物细胞壁研究与生物质改造利用

细胞壁是植物细胞区别于动物细胞的重要结构特征之一,在植物细胞生长发育和环境响应中发挥重要作用.同时,地球上陆生植物光合作用产物约70%存于细胞壁中,细胞壁生物质是地球上最丰富的可再生资源.植物如何将光合产物合成为细胞壁成分?人类如何有效利用大量的、可再生的细胞壁生物质资源?这些问题近年来受到了广泛的关注.本文对细胞壁合成、利用生物技术对细胞壁生物质进行改造,以及细胞壁生物质利用等研究进行简要介绍和综述.

木质纤维生物质资源高效利用分子技术的开发

木质纤维生物质是地球上最丰富的可再生生物质资源,可为造纸、化工、纺织和生物能源等工业提供重要的原材料。木质纤维生物质主要包括木质素、纤维素和半纤维素三种生物多聚物成分。如何利用分子手段改造这些生物聚合物,提高它们的工业利用率是目前高度关注的问题。综述了近年来木质纤维多聚物在生物合成与改造方面的研究进展,展望了利用分子技术改造植物木质纤维生物质实现其高效利用的前景。