OBJECTIVE Chronic stress is one of the important factors in the development of many mental and neurological diseases,and cause damage to the central nervous system,affect animal emotions and damage the immune function...OBJECTIVE Chronic stress is one of the important factors in the development of many mental and neurological diseases,and cause damage to the central nervous system,affect animal emotions and damage the immune function of the body.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of LW-AFC which extracting from traditional Chinese medicine prescription Liuwei Dihuang decoctionon the anxiety-like behaviorand immune dysfunction abnormalities caused by chronic stress,and whether immune intervention affect the action of LW-AFC.METHODS Male BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected with corticosterone(25 mg·kg^-1)for 28 d to establish a chronic stress model.Cyclophos⁃phamide(Cy,80 mg·kg^-1)was injected continuously for the initial three days,followed by once a week,LW-AFC(1.6 g·kg^-1)was given continuously for 28 d.Then investigate the emotion changes by open field and elevated plus maze tests,and detected the lymphocyte proliferation,lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood,microglia and astrocyte expression,and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood and brain tissue.RESULTS The mice showed obvious depressive-like behaviorafter 28 d of continuous corticosterone injection.LW-AFC could significantly improve the anxietybehavior induced by corticosterone injection,but LW-AFC could not improve the anxietybehavior of mice by Cy intervention.The expression of glial cells in hippocampus of corticosterone-induced mice showed an upward trend,and the activation of microglia and astrocytes have significantly increase in corticosterone and Cy injected mice.LW-AFC significantly decreased the activation of microglia and astrocytes in corticosterone-induced mice with Cy intervention.This suggested that LW-AFC can reduce the damage of stress on the immune function of central nervous system under immunosuppres⁃sive state.Furthermore,LW-AFC could significantly up-regulate the proliferation of splenic lymphocyte stimulated by LPS and ConA,up-regulate the proportion of CD3+CD8+cells,reduce the proportion of CD4+/CD8+cells,decrease the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-6 and MCP-1 in plasma,and increase the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in plasma of mice induced by chronic corticosteroneinjection.While LW-AFC could promote the inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6in plasma,inhibit the secretion of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and inflammatory cytokine MCP-1 in hippocampus of corticosterone-induced mice with Cy intervention.CONCLUSION LW-AFC can improve anxiety-likebehavior induced by chronic stress,the Cy intervention affects the alleviation of anxiety-like behavior by LW-AFC as well as the regulation of immune function.The regulation of immune function might be the main way for LW-AFC to improve the function of central nervous system.展开更多
We systematically investigate the effect of pressure on the magnetic properties of GdCo2B2 on the basis of alternating current（AC） susceptibility,AC heat capacity and electrical resistivity measurements under pressu...We systematically investigate the effect of pressure on the magnetic properties of GdCo2B2 on the basis of alternating current（AC） susceptibility,AC heat capacity and electrical resistivity measurements under pressures up to 2.2 GPa.A detailed magnetic phase diagram under pressure is determined.GdCo2B2 exhibits three anomalies that apparently reflect magnetic phase transitions,respectively,at temperatures TC= 20.5 K,T1= 18.0 K and TN= 11.5 K under ambient pressure.Under pressures up to 2.2 GPa,these anomalies are observed to slightly increase at TCand T1,and they coincide with each other above 1.6 GPa.Conversely,they decrease at TN and disappear under pressures higher than 1.4 GPa.The results indicate that the low-temperature magnetic phases can be easily suppressed by pressure.Moreover,the spin-glass-like behavior of GdCo2B2 is examined in terms of magnetization,aging effect and frequency dependence of AC susceptibility.A separation between the zero-field-cooled（ZFC） and field-cooled（FC） magnetization curves becomes evident at a low magnetic field of 0.001 T.A long-time relaxation behavior is observed at 4 K.The freezing temperature Tfincreases with frequency increasing.展开更多
Low salt intake is associated with depression, but the experimental evidence is not clear. Sixty adult mice were randomly divided into four groups (mild, moderate and severe salt deficiency groups and control) during ...Low salt intake is associated with depression, but the experimental evidence is not clear. Sixty adult mice were randomly divided into four groups (mild, moderate and severe salt deficiency groups and control) during the seasonal splitting from winter to spring. The mice in the control group were fed with standard ordinary diet (salt content 0.26%), while in the mild, moderate and severe groups, the mice were fed with 10%, 30% and 50% salt deficient feedstuff, lasting for approximately 3 months. The results showed that the salt content of feed was negatively correlated with the food intake and body weight of mice. The sucrose preference test found that only the mild salt deficiency group had no differ-ence between the beginning and the end of the experiment, and the other three groups in-cluding the control, showed a significant decrease. These results suggest that dietary salt content has an impact on the food intake and body weight of mice and is associated with the emergence of depressive-like behavior. Furthermore, the seasonal splitting from winter to spring may also have a differential synergistic effect on the change of depression-like behavior associated with low salt intake in mice.展开更多
Chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) causes memory impairment and prolonged state of mental confusion. However, effect of high altitude exposure on mood state and its underlying mechanisms have been poorly studi...Chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) causes memory impairment and prolonged state of mental confusion. However, effect of high altitude exposure on mood state and its underlying mechanisms have been poorly studied.? Present study was undertaken to investigate the mood state alteration following chronic exposure to HH. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups and exposed to hypoxia for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days in an animal decompression chamber at an altitude of 25,000ft. Anxiety-and depression-like behaviors were assessed by using various mazes along with changes in serotonin and glutamate level. Our study revealed a decrease in exploratory, grooming and rearing behavior in open field test following initial exposure to HH for 7 days without affecting the locomotory behavior. Initial exposure to HH-decreased time spent in open arm of elevated plus maze indicating induction of anxiety-like behavior which normalized on prolonged hypoxic exposure for 21 days. Hypoxic exposure for 7 days induced anhedonia and increased despair behavior in rat while there was steady improvement in these behaviors when exposed for 21 days. Decrease in serotonin level was noted in hippocampus along with elevated corticosterone and glutamate level which gradually decreased on prolonged exposure to HH. These findings suggest that initial exposure to HH increases transient anxiety-like behavior in rats followed by gradual improvement in mood state on prolonged exposure. Further, the study also indicates the involvement of serotonergic system in mood state alteration at high altitude following chronic exposure and reoxygenation.展开更多
A series of samples of La1-xTbxMnO3 (0≤x≤0.15) are prepared. The static and dynamic magnetizations of La1-xTbxMnO3 have been investigated. The results indicate that the spins with the short-range order are frozen in...A series of samples of La1-xTbxMnO3 (0≤x≤0.15) are prepared. The static and dynamic magnetizations of La1-xTbxMnO3 have been investigated. The results indicate that the spins with the short-range order are frozen into random direction at low enough temperatures which leads to the samples exhibiting the spin-glass like behavior. It is considered that the spin-glass like behavior originates from the competition between ferromagnetic double exchange among Mn3+ and Mn2+ and antiferromagnetic superex-change among Mn3+ and Mn3+,as well as Tb3+ and Tb3+.展开更多
Bowl-like poly (styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) was synthesized by swollen seeded emulsion polymerization. The polymerization was carried out in PS seed emulsion swollen by toluene, whereby the bowl-like particles f...Bowl-like poly (styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) was synthesized by swollen seeded emulsion polymerization. The polymerization was carried out in PS seed emulsion swollen by toluene, whereby the bowl-like particles formed at last. The shape was observed by SEM. These particles became ball-like when swollen by toluene, observed by optical microscope, and the release behavior of solvent from them was examined.展开更多
Diet is an important health factor and it has been recently associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. Here it was investigated the effect of fatty acid or cholesterol rich diets with the possib...Diet is an important health factor and it has been recently associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. Here it was investigated the effect of fatty acid or cholesterol rich diets with the possible acceleration of the biological decline in adult hippocampal neurogenesis associated with aging in middle-age rats, and its impact on anxiety and memory function. It was found that a diet of 10 weeks with saturated fatty acids and cholesterol has a detrimental effect on memory function, exerts like-anxiety behavior and diminishes the presence of new generated neurons in the hippocampus in six months old rats.展开更多
The conformational properties and elastic behaviors of protein-like single chains in the process of tensileelongation were investigated by means of Monte Carlo method.The sequences of protein-like single chains contai...The conformational properties and elastic behaviors of protein-like single chains in the process of tensileelongation were investigated by means of Monte Carlo method.The sequences of protein-like single chains contain two typesof residues:hydrophobic(H)and hydrophilic(P).The average conformations and thermodynamics statistical properties ofprotein-like single chains with various elongation ratio λ were calculated.It was found that the mean-square end-to-enddistance<R^2>(?).increases with elongation ratio λ.The tensor eigenvalues ratio of<L_2~2>:<L_1~2>decreases with elongationratio λ for short(HP)_x protein-like polymers,however,the ratio of<L_3~2>:<L_1~2>increases with elongation ratio λ,especially for long (H)_x sequence.Average energy per bond increases with elongation ratio λ,especially for (H)_xprotein-like single chains.Helmholtz free energy per bond also increases with elongation ratio λ.Elastic force(f),energycontribution to force(f_U)and entropy contribution to force(fs)for different protein-like single chains were also calculated.These investigations may provide some insights into elastic behaviors of proteins.展开更多
目的探讨逍遥丸改善产前应激子代大鼠焦虑样行为的作用机制。方法采用随机数字表法选择28只SD子代大鼠,根据是否应激、灌胃不同药物,将大鼠分为对照组、产前应激组、产前应激+逍遥丸组和产前应激+氯化钠组,每组7只。然后通过旷场实验和...目的探讨逍遥丸改善产前应激子代大鼠焦虑样行为的作用机制。方法采用随机数字表法选择28只SD子代大鼠,根据是否应激、灌胃不同药物,将大鼠分为对照组、产前应激组、产前应激+逍遥丸组和产前应激+氯化钠组,每组7只。然后通过旷场实验和高架十字实验观察各组子代大鼠的焦虑样行为,随后提取海马组织,分别采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)和Western blot法观察谷氨酸受体A1亚基(GluA1)信使RNA(mRNA)和蛋白表达的变化。结果在旷场实验中,与对照组相比,产前应激组潜伏期明显延长,中央区时间百分比和运动距离明显减少(P<0.01);与产前应激+氯化钠组相比,产前应激+逍遥丸组子代大鼠潜伏期明显缩短,中央区时间百分比和运动距离明显增加[(55±14)s比(108±10)s、(14.8±2.4)%比(6.6±1.8)%、(2673±296)cm比(1747±353)cm](P<0.01);但各组子代大鼠运动速度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在高架十字迷宫实验中,与对照组相比,产前应激组子代大鼠开放臂运动距离和开放臂时间百分比明显减少(P<0.01);与产前应激+氯化钠组相比,产前应激+逍遥丸组开放臂运动距离和开放臂时间百分比明显增加[(157±20)cm比(21±3)cm、(0.74±0.14)%比(0.50±0.15)%](P<0.01);但各组子代大鼠运动速度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。荧光定量PCR和Western blot法结果显示,与对照组相比,产前应激组子代大鼠海马中GluA1 mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01);与产前应激+氯化钠组相比,产前应激+逍遥丸组子代大鼠海马中GluA1 mRNA和蛋白表达显著升高(0.950±0.199 vs 0.491±0.181,0.663±0.047 vs 0.464±0.074)(P<0.01)。结论逍遥丸可明显改善产前应激子代大鼠焦虑样行为,其作用机制可能与提高海马区GluA1的表达有关。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473191)National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFC1306300)
文摘OBJECTIVE Chronic stress is one of the important factors in the development of many mental and neurological diseases,and cause damage to the central nervous system,affect animal emotions and damage the immune function of the body.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of LW-AFC which extracting from traditional Chinese medicine prescription Liuwei Dihuang decoctionon the anxiety-like behaviorand immune dysfunction abnormalities caused by chronic stress,and whether immune intervention affect the action of LW-AFC.METHODS Male BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected with corticosterone(25 mg·kg^-1)for 28 d to establish a chronic stress model.Cyclophos⁃phamide(Cy,80 mg·kg^-1)was injected continuously for the initial three days,followed by once a week,LW-AFC(1.6 g·kg^-1)was given continuously for 28 d.Then investigate the emotion changes by open field and elevated plus maze tests,and detected the lymphocyte proliferation,lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood,microglia and astrocyte expression,and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood and brain tissue.RESULTS The mice showed obvious depressive-like behaviorafter 28 d of continuous corticosterone injection.LW-AFC could significantly improve the anxietybehavior induced by corticosterone injection,but LW-AFC could not improve the anxietybehavior of mice by Cy intervention.The expression of glial cells in hippocampus of corticosterone-induced mice showed an upward trend,and the activation of microglia and astrocytes have significantly increase in corticosterone and Cy injected mice.LW-AFC significantly decreased the activation of microglia and astrocytes in corticosterone-induced mice with Cy intervention.This suggested that LW-AFC can reduce the damage of stress on the immune function of central nervous system under immunosuppres⁃sive state.Furthermore,LW-AFC could significantly up-regulate the proliferation of splenic lymphocyte stimulated by LPS and ConA,up-regulate the proportion of CD3+CD8+cells,reduce the proportion of CD4+/CD8+cells,decrease the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-6 and MCP-1 in plasma,and increase the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in plasma of mice induced by chronic corticosteroneinjection.While LW-AFC could promote the inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6in plasma,inhibit the secretion of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and inflammatory cytokine MCP-1 in hippocampus of corticosterone-induced mice with Cy intervention.CONCLUSION LW-AFC can improve anxiety-likebehavior induced by chronic stress,the Cy intervention affects the alleviation of anxiety-like behavior by LW-AFC as well as the regulation of immune function.The regulation of immune function might be the main way for LW-AFC to improve the function of central nervous system.
基金Project supported by JSPS KAKENHI(Grant No.24540366,Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C))
文摘We systematically investigate the effect of pressure on the magnetic properties of GdCo2B2 on the basis of alternating current（AC） susceptibility,AC heat capacity and electrical resistivity measurements under pressures up to 2.2 GPa.A detailed magnetic phase diagram under pressure is determined.GdCo2B2 exhibits three anomalies that apparently reflect magnetic phase transitions,respectively,at temperatures TC= 20.5 K,T1= 18.0 K and TN= 11.5 K under ambient pressure.Under pressures up to 2.2 GPa,these anomalies are observed to slightly increase at TCand T1,and they coincide with each other above 1.6 GPa.Conversely,they decrease at TN and disappear under pressures higher than 1.4 GPa.The results indicate that the low-temperature magnetic phases can be easily suppressed by pressure.Moreover,the spin-glass-like behavior of GdCo2B2 is examined in terms of magnetization,aging effect and frequency dependence of AC susceptibility.A separation between the zero-field-cooled（ZFC） and field-cooled（FC） magnetization curves becomes evident at a low magnetic field of 0.001 T.A long-time relaxation behavior is observed at 4 K.The freezing temperature Tfincreases with frequency increasing.
文摘Low salt intake is associated with depression, but the experimental evidence is not clear. Sixty adult mice were randomly divided into four groups (mild, moderate and severe salt deficiency groups and control) during the seasonal splitting from winter to spring. The mice in the control group were fed with standard ordinary diet (salt content 0.26%), while in the mild, moderate and severe groups, the mice were fed with 10%, 30% and 50% salt deficient feedstuff, lasting for approximately 3 months. The results showed that the salt content of feed was negatively correlated with the food intake and body weight of mice. The sucrose preference test found that only the mild salt deficiency group had no differ-ence between the beginning and the end of the experiment, and the other three groups in-cluding the control, showed a significant decrease. These results suggest that dietary salt content has an impact on the food intake and body weight of mice and is associated with the emergence of depressive-like behavior. Furthermore, the seasonal splitting from winter to spring may also have a differential synergistic effect on the change of depression-like behavior associated with low salt intake in mice.
文摘Chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) causes memory impairment and prolonged state of mental confusion. However, effect of high altitude exposure on mood state and its underlying mechanisms have been poorly studied.? Present study was undertaken to investigate the mood state alteration following chronic exposure to HH. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups and exposed to hypoxia for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days in an animal decompression chamber at an altitude of 25,000ft. Anxiety-and depression-like behaviors were assessed by using various mazes along with changes in serotonin and glutamate level. Our study revealed a decrease in exploratory, grooming and rearing behavior in open field test following initial exposure to HH for 7 days without affecting the locomotory behavior. Initial exposure to HH-decreased time spent in open arm of elevated plus maze indicating induction of anxiety-like behavior which normalized on prolonged hypoxic exposure for 21 days. Hypoxic exposure for 7 days induced anhedonia and increased despair behavior in rat while there was steady improvement in these behaviors when exposed for 21 days. Decrease in serotonin level was noted in hippocampus along with elevated corticosterone and glutamate level which gradually decreased on prolonged exposure to HH. These findings suggest that initial exposure to HH increases transient anxiety-like behavior in rats followed by gradual improvement in mood state on prolonged exposure. Further, the study also indicates the involvement of serotonergic system in mood state alteration at high altitude following chronic exposure and reoxygenation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10334070 and 50871007)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi University of Technology and Beijing Key Discipline
文摘A series of samples of La1-xTbxMnO3 (0≤x≤0.15) are prepared. The static and dynamic magnetizations of La1-xTbxMnO3 have been investigated. The results indicate that the spins with the short-range order are frozen into random direction at low enough temperatures which leads to the samples exhibiting the spin-glass like behavior. It is considered that the spin-glass like behavior originates from the competition between ferromagnetic double exchange among Mn3+ and Mn2+ and antiferromagnetic superex-change among Mn3+ and Mn3+,as well as Tb3+ and Tb3+.
文摘Bowl-like poly (styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) was synthesized by swollen seeded emulsion polymerization. The polymerization was carried out in PS seed emulsion swollen by toluene, whereby the bowl-like particles formed at last. The shape was observed by SEM. These particles became ball-like when swollen by toluene, observed by optical microscope, and the release behavior of solvent from them was examined.
文摘Diet is an important health factor and it has been recently associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. Here it was investigated the effect of fatty acid or cholesterol rich diets with the possible acceleration of the biological decline in adult hippocampal neurogenesis associated with aging in middle-age rats, and its impact on anxiety and memory function. It was found that a diet of 10 weeks with saturated fatty acids and cholesterol has a detrimental effect on memory function, exerts like-anxiety behavior and diminishes the presence of new generated neurons in the hippocampus in six months old rats.
基金The research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20174036,20274040)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.R404047).
文摘The conformational properties and elastic behaviors of protein-like single chains in the process of tensileelongation were investigated by means of Monte Carlo method.The sequences of protein-like single chains contain two typesof residues:hydrophobic(H)and hydrophilic(P).The average conformations and thermodynamics statistical properties ofprotein-like single chains with various elongation ratio λ were calculated.It was found that the mean-square end-to-enddistance<R^2>(?).increases with elongation ratio λ.The tensor eigenvalues ratio of<L_2~2>:<L_1~2>decreases with elongationratio λ for short(HP)_x protein-like polymers,however,the ratio of<L_3~2>:<L_1~2>increases with elongation ratio λ,especially for long (H)_x sequence.Average energy per bond increases with elongation ratio λ,especially for (H)_xprotein-like single chains.Helmholtz free energy per bond also increases with elongation ratio λ.Elastic force(f),energycontribution to force(f_U)and entropy contribution to force(fs)for different protein-like single chains were also calculated.These investigations may provide some insights into elastic behaviors of proteins.
文摘目的探讨逍遥丸改善产前应激子代大鼠焦虑样行为的作用机制。方法采用随机数字表法选择28只SD子代大鼠,根据是否应激、灌胃不同药物,将大鼠分为对照组、产前应激组、产前应激+逍遥丸组和产前应激+氯化钠组,每组7只。然后通过旷场实验和高架十字实验观察各组子代大鼠的焦虑样行为,随后提取海马组织,分别采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)和Western blot法观察谷氨酸受体A1亚基(GluA1)信使RNA(mRNA)和蛋白表达的变化。结果在旷场实验中,与对照组相比,产前应激组潜伏期明显延长,中央区时间百分比和运动距离明显减少(P<0.01);与产前应激+氯化钠组相比,产前应激+逍遥丸组子代大鼠潜伏期明显缩短,中央区时间百分比和运动距离明显增加[(55±14)s比(108±10)s、(14.8±2.4)%比(6.6±1.8)%、(2673±296)cm比(1747±353)cm](P<0.01);但各组子代大鼠运动速度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在高架十字迷宫实验中,与对照组相比,产前应激组子代大鼠开放臂运动距离和开放臂时间百分比明显减少(P<0.01);与产前应激+氯化钠组相比,产前应激+逍遥丸组开放臂运动距离和开放臂时间百分比明显增加[(157±20)cm比(21±3)cm、(0.74±0.14)%比(0.50±0.15)%](P<0.01);但各组子代大鼠运动速度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。荧光定量PCR和Western blot法结果显示,与对照组相比,产前应激组子代大鼠海马中GluA1 mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01);与产前应激+氯化钠组相比,产前应激+逍遥丸组子代大鼠海马中GluA1 mRNA和蛋白表达显著升高(0.950±0.199 vs 0.491±0.181,0.663±0.047 vs 0.464±0.074)(P<0.01)。结论逍遥丸可明显改善产前应激子代大鼠焦虑样行为,其作用机制可能与提高海马区GluA1的表达有关。
