Investigation and Reduction on Conducted Electromagnetic Interference Noise Mechanism for Complex Power Electronics Systems

针对复杂电子系统产生的传导EMI噪声,该文分别利用电偶极子模型、电路分析方法和散射参数方法提出了3种传导EMI噪声理论模型及其等效电路,包括因串扰引起的传导噪声模型,因接地不良引起的传导噪声模型,以及因PCB线缆阻抗失配引起的传导噪声模型。同时,还设计了一种串扰扼流圈以有效抑制因串扰引起的传导EMI噪声。实验结果表明,采用文中方法,某型商用车载导航和刷卡器能够通过GB 9254标准测试,噪声抑制效果分别可达44.8和29.28 dB V,从而验证了方法的有效性。

Direction of arrival estimation method based on quantum electromagnetic field optimization in the impulse noise

In order to resolve direction finding problems in the impulse noise,a direction of arrival(DOA)estimation method is proposed.The proposed DOA estimation method can restrain the impulse noise by using infinite norm exponential kernel covariance matrix and obtain excellent performance via the maximumlikelihood(ML)algorithm.In order to obtain the global optimal solutions of this method,a quantum electromagnetic field optimization(QEFO)algorithm is designed.In view of the QEFO algorithm,the proposed method can resolve the difficulties of DOA estimation in the impulse noise.Comparing with some traditional DOA estimation methods,the proposed DOA estimation method shows high superiority and robustness for determining the DOA of independent and coherent sources,which has been verified via the Monte-Carlo experiments of different schemes,especially in the case of snapshot deficiency,low generalized signal to noise ratio(GSNR)and strong impulse noise.Beyond that,the Cramer-Rao bound(CRB)of angle estimation in the impulse noise and the proof of the convergence of the QEFO algorithm are provided in this paper.

The difference in noise property between the Autler-Townes splitting medium and the electromagnetically induced transparent medium

The quantum noise of squeezed probe light passing through an atomic system with different electromagnetically induced transparency and AutlewTownes splitting effects is investigated theoretically. It is found that the optimal squeezing preservation of the outgoing probe beam occurs in the strong-coupling-field regime rather than in the weak- coupling-field regime. In the weak-coupling-field regime, which was recently recognized as the electromagnetically induced transparency regime （Abi-Salloum T Y 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 053836）, the output amplitude noise is affected mainly by the atomic noise originating from the random decay process of atoms. While in the strong-coupling-field regime, defined as the Autler-Townes splitting regime, the output amplitude noise is affected mainly by the phase-to- amplitude conversion noise. This is useful in improving the quality of the experiment for efficient quantum memory, and hence has an application in quantum information processing.

A Combined Numerical-Experimental Study on the Noise Power Spectrum Produced by an Electromagnetic Sensor for Slurry Flow

The signals generated by electromagnetic flow sensors used for slurry fluids are often affected by noise interference produced by interaction with the slurry itself.In this study,the power spectrum characteristics of the signal are studied,and an attempt is made to determine the relationship between the characteristics of the related noise and the velocity and concentration of the slurry fluid.Dedicated experiments are conducted and the related power spectrum curve is obtained processing the signal measured by the sensor with Matlab.Numerical simulations are also carried out in the frame of an Eulerian approach in order get additional insights into the considered problem through comparison with the experimental results.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)The intensity of noise is directly proportional to the number of solid particles colliding with the electrode of the electromagnetic flow sensor per unit time,and to the square of the average velocity of the flow layer near the pipe wall.(2)With an increase in the slurry noise intensity,the power spectrum curve shifts upward in the logarithmic coordinate system(and vice versa).

Simulation and Modeling of Common Mode EMI Noise in Planar Transformers

The transformer is the key circuit component of the common-mode noise current when an isolated converter is working.The highfrequency characteristics of the transformer have an important influence on the common-mode noise of the converter.Traditionally,the measurement method is used for transformer modeling,and a single lumped device is used to establish the transformer model,which cannot be predicted in the transformer design stage.Based on the transformer common-mode noise transmission mechanism,this paper derives the transformer common-mode equivalent capacitance under ideal conditions.According to the principle of experimental measurement of the network analyzer,the electromagnetic field finite element simulation software three-dimensional(3D)modeling and simulation method is used to obtain the two-port parameters of the transformer,extract the high-frequency parameters of the transformer,and establish its electromagnetic compatibility equivalent circuit model.Finally,an experimental prototype is used to verify the correctness of the model by comparing the experimental measurement results with the simulation prediction results.

Methods of de-noising the low frequency electromagnetic data

The quality of the low frequency electromagnetic data is affected by the spike and the trend noises.Failure in removal of the spikes and the trends reduces the credibility of data explanation.Based on the analyses of the causes and characteristics of these noises,this paper presents the results of a preset statistics stacking method(PSSM)and a piecewise linear fitting method(PLFM)in de-noising the spikes and trends,respectively.The magnitudes of the spikes are either higher or lower than the normal values,which leads to distortion of the useful signal.Comparisons have been performed in removing of the spikes among the average,the statistics and the PSSM methods,and the results indicate that only the PSSM can remove the spikes successfully.On the other hand,the spectrums of the linear and nonlinear trends mainly lie in the low frequency band and can change the calculated resistivity significantly.No influence of the trends is observed when the frequency is higher than a certain threshold value.The PLSM can remove effectively both the linear and nonlinear trends with errors around 1% in the power spectrum.The proposed methods present an effective way for de-noising the spike and the trend noises in the low frequency electromagnetic data,and establish a research basis for de-noising the low frequency noises.

A novel approach to conductive EMI noise source modeling

A new approach to conductive electromagnetic interference （EMI） noise source modeling, i. e. the source internal impedance extraction, is presented. First, the impedance magnitude is achieved through an exciting probe and a detecting probe, or through calculations based on insertion loss measurement results when inserting a series nigh-value known impedance or a shunt low-value known impedance in the circuit. Then the impedance phase is extracted by the Hilbert transform （HT） of the logarithm of the obtained impedance magnitude. Performance studies show that the estimated phase error can increase greatly at a zero frequency in the Hilbert transform because of the existence of a singular point, and this effect can be eliminated by introducing a zero-point when the noise source does not include a series-connected capacitive component. It is also found that when the frequency is nigher than 150 kHz, the estimated phase error is not sensitive to the inductive source but sensitive to the capacitive source. Finally, under the conditions of the same measurement accuracies for impedance magnitude, the accuracy of complex impedance based on the HT can be improved about 10 times when compared with the accuracy of estimated parameters based on the impedance magnitude fitting method （IMFM）.

Dynamics analysis of vibration process in Particle Impact Noise Detection

Particle Impact Noise Detection (PIND) test is a reliability screening technique for hermetic device that is prescribed by MIL-PRF-39016E. Some test conditions are specified, although MIL-PRF-39016E did not specify how to obtain these condi- tions. This paper establishes the dynamics model of vibration process based on first order mass-spring system. The corresponding Simulink model is also established to simulate vibration process in optional input excitations. The response equations are derived in sinusoidal excitations and the required electromagnetic force waves are computed in order to obtain a given vibration and shock accelerations. Last, some simulation results are given.

Fast Calculation of Electromagnetic Forces in IPMSMs Under PWM VSI Supply Based on Small-Signal Time-Harmonic Finite Element Method

This paper introduces a novel method for fast calculating the electromagnetic forces in interior permanent magnet synchronous machines(IPMSMs)under pulse width modulation(PWM)voltage source inverter(VSI)supply based on the small-signal time-harmonic finite element analysis(THFEA),which has been successfully utilized for fast calculating the PWMinduced losses in silicon steel sheets and permanent magnets.Based on the small-signal THFEA,the functional relationships between high-frequency harmonic voltages(HFHVs)and corresponding airgap flux densities are established,which are used for calculating the flux density spectra caused by each HFHV in the PWM voltage spectra.Then,the superposition principle is applied for calculating the flux density spectra caused by fundamental currents and all HFHVs,which are converted to the electromagnetic force spectra at last.The relative errors between the force density spectra calculated with the proposed method and those obtained from traditional time-stepping finite element analysis(TSFEA)using PWM voltages as input are within 3.1%,while the proposed method is 24 times faster than the traditional TSFEA.

Noise properties in breaking and loose contacts and their effect on quality degradation of digital signal

Electric contact discharge is subject closely related to digital information transmission, and integrity of digital signals for realizing high reliablility transmission. This kind of problem is a part of EMC (electromagnetic compatibility). From such a viewpoint, contact noise problems will be mentioned which disturb and degrade digital signals. The induction noise and radiation noise from discharge, electrostatic discharge (ESD), and connector related fundamental subject will be mentioned.

填埋场渗漏磁法检测的噪声来源与剔噪方法综述

填埋是固体废物集中处置的主要手段,填埋场则是固体废物对地下水环境影响集中发生的场所。通过防渗层HDPE膜漏洞的渗漏是导致地下水污染的主要途径和方式,开展防渗层渗漏快速检测和精准定位具有重要意义。传统电学渗漏检测难以检测双层衬垫或多层衬垫系统的下层衬垫破损,基于传统电法改进的电磁方法展现出下层衬垫检测的潜力,但迫切需要解决填埋场复杂服役人文环境和地球磁场环境下的电磁噪声干扰问题。为此,通过对磁法检测原理和信号特征的深入分析,以及对背景磁噪声类型、来源、特征和电磁噪声去噪方法的综述,得出如下结论:在特定条件下,漏洞越近,其磁场信号越强;填埋场噪声主要来源于地磁和人文磁场,且不同噪声有不同特征,需不同处理;去噪过程先预处理排除干扰,其次在检测中选择适宜的滤波或测量法去除噪声。

高频变压器电磁场-结构力场-声场求解及特性分析

大容量高频变压器结构紧凑,工作频率为数百Hz到几十kHz,工作波形为方波等非正弦的特殊激励波形。高频变压器电磁、结构、声等多场耦合紧密,运行时出现严重的振动与噪声问题,对高频变压器振动与噪声特性进行精细分析对于其减振降噪具有重要意义。为此,该文首先建立高频变压器电磁场-结构力场-声场3维仿真求解模型,明确各物理场的载荷传递过程以及电磁和力学性能参数;然后,采用有限元法得到不同电压激励下变压器铁芯表面时域振动波形与噪声频域特性,并定量评估了纳米晶切割铁芯对受力特性的影响程度;最后,对1台5 kHz/10 kVA高频变压器的振动和噪声进行试验测试,得到正弦和方波电压激励下铁芯振动和噪声数据。由仿真与试验结果可知,高频变压器铁芯拐角处振动较为剧烈且周围产生的噪声也较大;相比于正弦波激励,非正弦波激励下的振动不仅集中发生在2倍频,还存在许多高次谐波分量,同时各个频率段声压级明显增加;不同波形激励下测量点声压级相对误差均在10%以内,验证了仿真模型的准确性。

变频供电对异步电机电磁噪声的影响

针对某三相异步电机变频供电时,电机噪声明显增大且出现刺耳高频声的情况,利用数值仿真软件建立了电机磁场、振动和噪声模型,计算和分析了变频供电对电机定子电流、径向电磁力、电机振动和噪声的影响。研究发现,变频器供电时,电机定子电流在基波之外增加了基波的谐波分量和载波与谐波相互作用的频率分量,载波引起的电流分量增加了电磁力波的高阶分量,在研究频率范围内(个别频率除外),相比于正弦供电,电机振动速度增大至1.08~131.4倍,声压级增大了2.6~42.6dB。

基于Barker码脉冲压缩技术的钢板多阵元Lamb波电磁超声换能器设计与优化

为了解决传统Barker码脉冲压缩技术受脉冲功率放大器额定参数(占空比,最大脉冲宽度等)限制而导致的脉冲压缩效果下降、检测速度降低等问题,提出一种基于Barker码脉冲压缩技术的多阵元Lamb波电磁超声换能器(EMAT)。建立了基于tone-burst信号激励-Barker码脉冲压缩技术的多阵元Lamb波EMAT检测过程的有限元模型,分析了永磁体的配置形式、阵元序列长度、激励信号周期数、曲折线圈匝数等因素对脉冲压缩后的主旁瓣比和主瓣宽度的影响,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:曲折线圈匝数为4和Barker码序列长度为13位的多阵元EMAT在配置3对外置永磁体后,其信噪比(SNR)可提高9.8 dB。综合考虑检测回波的空间分辨率和SNR,多阵元Lamb波EMAT最佳参数为:曲折线圈匝数为10、激励信号周期数为11、Barker序列为13位,并配置3对外置永磁体。

基于混合优化算法的电磁监测裂缝参数识别

压裂实时监测是水力压裂效果评价和工程参数优化的重要保障措施之一。传统电磁监测裂缝参数识别方法的准确性和精度难以保证,影响了监测效果。为了提高裂缝参数识别能力,提出了一种基于海洋捕食者密度聚类混合优化算法的电磁监测裂缝参数识别方法。利用海洋捕食者算法(MPA)进行多次寻优,以每次寻优结果作为初始数据集,然后,利用密度聚类算法(DBSCAN)进行聚类,构建中间样本数据集,最后,抽取该样本数据中值作为最终输出结果。采用Rastrigin函数进行测试,分析混合优化算法寻优能力。测试结果表明,相对粒子群优化算法(PSO),MPA算法单次寻优效果较佳。但两种算法寻优结果均具有较强随机性,其中,PSO和MPA算法50次寻优精度分别为10^(-7)~10^(2)和10^(-10)~10^(-2),而改进的混合优化算法寻优效果更稳定,寻优精度达10^(-7)。构建缝长、方位压裂模型并进行了数值模拟实验,结果表明,在噪声低于15%时,缝长和方位识别平均绝对误差分别小于1 m和1°。利用改进的算法对四川盆地某井页岩气压裂电磁监测实测数据进行分析,确定了裂缝改造的长度(缝长)与方位。实例分析结果验证了改进算法的可行性和有效性。

基于优化聚类的人工源电磁法数据信噪分离方法

为了降低强电磁干扰对人工源电磁法(Controlled Source Electromagnetic Method,CSEM)有效信号的影响,改善CSEM实测数据处理结果因人而异且效率低的不足,本文针对CSEM有效信号周期性特征提出了一种加权自适应带宽均值漂移聚类(Weighted Adaptive Bandwidth Mean-Shift Clustering,WAB-MSC)信噪分离方法.首先在传统均值漂移聚类(Mean-Shift Clustering,MSC)算法的基础上增加核函数,降低处理结果对带宽选择的敏感度,提高算法的稳健性;其次结合实测CSEM数据的分布特征提出了一种基于局部密度梯度的带宽估计方法,实现了自适应带宽选择;最后通过仿真数据与实测数据对本文方法进行了验证,结果表明:本文方法能有效消除强电磁干扰对CSEM数据的影响,最大程度保留受噪声影响较小或未受噪声影响的数据,提高数据信噪比,降低强干扰噪声对CSEM初始资料的影响程度,获得更为真实的地电响应模型,为后续数据处理提供保障.

基于多目标遗传算法的永磁同步电机振动噪声分析与优化

为降低车用永磁同步电机的振动噪声,本文针对一台U一型转子永磁同步电机,研究了一种将响应面模型与多目标遗传算法相结合的电机电磁振动噪声优化方法。首先,通过仿真分析电机在全转速范围内的噪声频谱特性,得到产生峰值噪声的转速及噪声频率;随后,确定电机优化变量及优化目标,对其进行敏感度分析,建立优化变量的响应面模型;然后,利用多目标遗传算法对变量进行参数优化,得到最优结构参数;最后采用有限元法计算电机优化前后的输出性能及辐射噪声,结果表明此方法在保证电机输出性能基本不变的情况下使电机最大等辐射声功率级降低了24.2%。

高干扰矿集区大地电磁噪声抑制技术探索

大地电磁测深(MT)在矿产资源勘探方面应用广泛,但强人文电磁干扰严重制约了高质量的原始MT数据的获取。本文详细总结了国内常见电磁噪声源的类型,对其产生的电磁噪声特征进行分类分析;对国内外MT电磁噪声去噪方法进行对比,结合实际生产需求,总结了一套适用于高干扰矿集区快速有效的MT数据去噪施工与处理工艺。研究表明:Robust处理、远参考道技术和人工挑选是提高MT数据采集质量的有效和必要的手段,而通过理论计算,远参考站设置距离不小于3.56倍趋肤深度即可;在江苏洪泽盐盆矿集区开展的MT试验工作验证了该设定。

数字式交流恒流源传导电磁干扰抑制方法

数字式交流恒流源中大量功率开关器件的使用产生了严重的传导电磁干扰(EMI)噪声,为了抑制交流恒流源传导EMI噪声,此处设计了一种基于耦合电感的EMI滤波器。该滤波器由耦合电感模块和差模电容等部分构成,利用耦合电感模块等效出的共模负电容抵消恒流源系统寄生电容,阻断噪声传导路径,抑制交流恒流源输入侧共模噪声,利用等效出的共模正电容与差模电感抑制恒流源输出侧噪声。实验结果表明,该EMI滤波器能显著抑制恒流源输入侧和输出侧的传导EMI噪声,且使用较少的元器件,有效减小了滤波器体积及成本。