Effects of intercropping on rhizosphere soil microorganisms and root exudates of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)

Both yield and quality of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor) are seriously affected by continuous cropping. We attempted to understand the effects of intercropping on the obstacles associated with continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor). The changes of rhizosphere microbial biomass and diversity in interplanting and monoculturing systems were studied by using the Illumina Hi Seq sequencing technique. The contents and composition of lily root exudates were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer(GC–MS). The intercropping results of Lanzhou lily showed:(1) There was no difference in the composition of the rhizosphere soil microbes at the phylum level, but the relative abundance of the microbes decreased; and the relative abundance of harmful fungi such as Fusarium sp. increased. The relative abundance of Pleosporales sp. and other beneficial bacteria were reduced. After OTU(operational taxonomic unit)clustering, there were some beneficial bacteria, such as Chaetomium sp., in the lily rhizosphere soil in the interplanting system that had not existed in the single-cropping system. We did not find harmful bacteria that had existed in the single-cropping systm in the rhizosphere soil of interplanting system. The above results indicated that the changes of relative abundance of soil fungi and bacteria in lily rhizosphere soil was not conducive to improving the ecological structure of rhizosphere soil microbes. At the same time, the microbial composition change is very complex—beneficial and yet inadequate at the same time.(2) Root exudates provide a matrix for the growth of microorganisms. Combined with the detection of root exudates, the decrease in the composition of the root exudates of the lily was probably the reason for the decrease of the relative abundance of microbes after intercropping. At the same time, the decrease of the relative content of phenolic compounds, which inhibit the growth of microorganisms, did not increase the relative content of rhizosphere soil microorganisms. Changes in amino acids and total sugars may be responsible for the growth of Fusarium sp.. The results showed that the intercropping pattern did not noticeably alleviate the obstacle to continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily, and the change of microbial biomass and diversity was even unfavorable. However, the emergence of some beneficial bacteria, the disappearance of harmful fungi, and other changes with intercropping are in favor of alleviation of obstacles to continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily.

Isolation of LiLFY1 and Its Expression in Lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.)

LFY family genes play a conserved role in regulating flowering. In this study, the cDNA of LiLFY1 was isolated with the strategy of RT-PCR in combination with RACE from lily （Lilium longiflorum Thunb.）. LiLFY1 encodes a LFY transcriptional factor. The alignment analysis of the deduced LiLFY1 protein with other known LFY family proteins indicates that LiLFY1 is highly homologous with rice RFL and maize FLL. The result of Southern hybridization showed that there are two copies of LFY family genes in lily. LiLFY1 is expressed in young flower buds and shoot apical meristem （SAM） but not in roots, shoots, mature leaves, and mature floral organs. The cloned LiLFY1 gene may be applied to genetic engineering aiming for regulating the flowering time in lily.

Physiology Mechanism of Metabolisms in the Middle Scales of Lilium davidii var. unicolor Bulbs Stored at Low Temperature for Dormancy-Release

Changes in carbohydrate, phenols, free amino acids and endogenous hormones in middle scales of Lilium davidii var.unicolor bulbs during the 101 days storage at 2, 6 and 10°C in moist sawdust were studied. The results indicated that asthe storage time increased and the storage temperature delined, contents of starch and abscisic acid (ABA) decreasedmarkedly, and the level of total soluble sugar, phenols, gibberellic acid (GA3) and indole acetic acid (IAA) increasedsharply. In the first 34 days, the contents of the above substances changed most actively. Correlation analysis revealedthat the increase in content of total soluble sugar and phenols was respectively caused by activation of amylase andphenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). During the storage, the content of free amino acids decreased, and the level ofarginine was the highest and changed most remarkably. According to the results of stepwise regression analysis and pathanalysis, we could primarily conclude that the metabolism of carbohydrates, phenols and free amino acids in the middlescales may be mainly regulated by endogenous GA3.

英文中含有“lily”的相关原生物及名称辨析

植物名称及其所对应的原植物,在世界各国或地区均大量存在同名异物或同物异名的现象,极易造成混淆,不可不辨。以"lily"为研究对象,利用http:∥scholar.google.com和http:∥apps.web of knowledge.com文献检索平台,查询国内外使用"lily"作为关键词或主题词的文献,分别得到534 000条和11 734条检索信息,然而,以"lilium"为关键词和主题词进行二级检索时,却只能得到27 000条和6 087条检索信息。在此基础上,对这些含有"lily"的词或词组进行归类分析,结果显示:"lily"本意为百合属Lilium植物,但是英文名称中含有"lily"的词或词组并非都是百合,其代表的含义十分广泛,不仅包括百合科、秋海棠科、石蒜科、天南星科及人工杂交种等多种植物,而且在某些动物名称中也含有"lily"。可见,含有"lily"的英文词或词组所代表的名称和原植物较多,而且十分复杂,在文献检索以及相关研究中应注意区分。

Predicting the impact of climate change on the distribution of two threatened Himalayan medicinal plants of Liliaceae in Nepal

Predicting the potential distribution of medicinal plants in response to climate change is essential for their conservation and management. Contributing to the management program, this study aimed to predict the distribution of two threatened medicinal plants, Fritillaria cirrhosa and Lilium nepalense. The location of focal species gathered from herbarium specimen housed in different herbaria and online databases were geo-referenced and checked for spatial autocorrelation. The predictive environmental variables were selected, and MaxEnt software was used to model the current and future distributions of focal species. Four Representative Concentration Pathway （RCP） trajectories of the BCC-CSMI.1 model were used as the future （2050） projection layer. The MaxEnt modelling delineated the potential distribution of F. cirrhosa and L. nepalense. The current suitability is projected towards Central and Eastern Hilly/Mountainous regions. Both species gain maximum suitability in RCP 4.5 which decline towards other trajectories for L. nepalense. Overall, both the focal species shift towards the north-west, losing their potential habitat in hilly and lower mountainous regions by 2050 across all trajectories. Our results highlight the impact of future climate change on two threatened and valuable species. The results can be further useful to initiate farming of these medicinally and economically important species based on climatically suitable zone and for designing a germplasm conservation strategy.

Preliminary Study on Anther in vitro Culture of Lily“Prato”

The effects of the microspore developmental stage,hormones and culture condition on anther in vitro culture of lily（Lilium spp.） were discussed.The results showed that when the flower buds were about 23-26 mm long,the microspores were at the uninucleate stage which was suitable for culture and the culture under the darkness would promote the callus induction of anther.The induction frequency could reach 42.5% in the optimized medium which was MS＋[6-BA（0.5）＋KT（2.0）＋2,4-D（1.0）] mg·L-1.The rate of callus differentiation could reach 31.57% in the optimized medium which was MS＋ NAA（1.5,2.0） mg·L-1.

百合鳞茎营养素与植物化学成分研究进展

百合是多年生草本植物,兼具观赏、食用和药用价值,其可食用或药用部位一般为鳞茎。近年来,百合鳞茎作为一种特色蔬菜,受到消费者青睐。本文重点从不同品种视角对百合鳞茎进行了分析,首先归纳了碳水化合物(包括活性多糖)、蛋白质及氨基酸、脂类、矿物质和维生素等营养素的详细构成,进一步总结了其甾体皂苷(包括螺甾烷醇、异螺甾烷醇、变形螺甾烷醇、呋甾烷醇类)、酚酸类(包括单聚酚酸、酚酸甘油酯和苷类)、黄酮类(包括黄酮醇、黄烷醇、查尔酮、黄烷酮、黄烷酮醇、花色苷类等)和生物碱类(包括异喹啉、吡咯啉、哌啶和甾体糖苷类)等已知植物化学成分的构成及其生物活性,最后对百合在保健食品中的应用进行概括,以期为百合研究及非药用加工利用提供理论依据和研究思路。

褪黑素诱导西伯利亚百合的转录组分析及LoERF96基因克隆

【目的】研究西伯利亚百合萌发阶段的分子调控机制,筛选响应褪黑素、促进百合鳞茎萌发的潜在乙烯响应因子(ethylene response factor,ERF)。【方法】对褪黑素处理下的西伯利亚百合小鳞茎关键时期样本进行转录组测序分析,并对差异表达基因进行功能注释,筛选响应褪黑素、促进百合鳞茎萌发的ERF潜在基因。对筛选的关键基因LoERF96进行克隆和生物信息学分析,通过实时荧光定量分析小鳞茎4个不同生长发育时期中LoERF96基因的表达量。【结果】根据转录组数据筛选得到780个差异表达基因,其中上调表达基因392个,下调表达基因388个。GO富集分析结果显示:富集的差异基因主要生物学过程包括代谢过程、细胞过程、生物调节、刺激响应、信号、生殖过程等。KEGG代谢途径分析结果显示:差异基因的代谢途径包括植物激素信号转导、植物MAPK信号途径、苯丙烷生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、光合作用、碳代谢、内质网中的蛋白质加工等。通过同源克隆得到LoERF96基因,该基因序列全长435 bp,编码144个氨基酸,有1个AP2保守结构域,蛋白相对分子质量约为16.32 ku,理论等电点为4.94,是没有跨膜结构的亲水性蛋白,预测亚细胞定位于细胞核中。RT-qPCR表达结果显示:在百合4个不同生长发育过程中,LoERF96基因的相对表达量总体呈先上升后下降的趋势。【结论】西伯利亚百合中的乙烯响应因子LoERF96受褪黑素诱导表达,这一结果为探究百合AP2/ERF转录因子萌发阶段的生物学功能提供了理论基础和参考。

不同百合品种的花和叶片对灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抗性评价

评价不同百合品种叶片和花对灰霉病的抗性,分析叶片和花的灰霉抗性相关性,以期为评估百合对灰霉病的抗性及百合抗病育种提供支持。以A、O、L、LA和OT等5个系列的28个百合品种为材料,利用分离鉴定的灰葡萄孢菌,采用离体菌丝块直接接种和刺伤接种法,对百合的叶片和花瓣进行灰霉病抗性评价,并根据叶和花的病斑直径进行相关性分析。结果表明,同一品种百合叶片对不同灰葡萄孢菌株抗性存在差异,不同品种间百合叶片的抗性差异较大。其中白色帝王和眼线这2个品种属于高感品种;红星、丝雨、桃色事件等8个品种属于易感品种;地魔星、秘密之吻、穿梭等7个品种属于中抗品种;索邦、微微安娜、布林迪西等6个品种属于高抗品种;依兰、西伯利亚、俯视等5个品种属于免疫品种。对叶片进行刺伤,可导致灰霉菌侵染性增强。花瓣接种结果显示大部分百合花瓣比叶片更容易受到侵染,但是百合花和叶片对灰葡萄孢的敏感性没有显著相关性;红星、丝雨、桃色事件等13个品种的花和叶对灰葡萄孢菌的敏感性一致;地魔星、秘密之吻、布林迪西等14个品种的花比叶对灰葡萄孢菌更敏感;白色帝王的叶片较花对灰葡萄孢菌更敏感。组织损伤会降低百合对灰霉病的抗性,百合叶片与花对灰霉菌敏感性无显著相关性。依兰、微微安娜、西伯利亚和红色宫殿4个高抗品种可为百合灰霉病抗性资源合理利用以及品种选育提供参考。

百合斑驳病毒在卷丹顶端分生组织中的分布

【目的】百合斑驳病毒(lily mottle virus,LMoV)是危害重要食药用百合卷丹的主要病毒之一,每年给百合种植业造成数十亿的损失。通过原位杂交技术明确LMoV在卷丹顶端分生组织中的分布,为百合脱毒培养提供支撑。【方法】采用种植于贵州省清镇市的栽培卷丹作为试验材料,利用RT-PCR并于NCBI网站下载不同地方LMoV分离物构建进化树鉴定卷丹所携带的病毒种类,据检测结果选取LMoV为对象,基于LMoV基因组序列设计并制备RNA荧光探针,开展卷丹茎尖和根尖石蜡切片组织的RNA原位杂交,观察卷丹茎尖和根尖中LMoV的分布。【结果】RT-PCR检测表明卷丹材料侵染了LMoV,构建进化树发现本实验分离物与吉林和辽宁的LMoV分离物关系最近,原位杂交进而表明卷丹茎尖中LMoV杂交信号主要分布在顶端分生组织下方0.15-0.2 mm的组织中,靠近紧挨分生组织叶原基的初生叶基部有较弱的病毒杂交信号,靠近初生叶的成熟叶顶端中病毒荧光信号强烈,感染LMoV的卷丹分生组织中心纵切面无毒区大小为(0.4-0.6)mm×(0.15-0.2)mm;在根尖0.25 mm×0.2 mm分生组织中无杂交信号分布,在皮层细胞中信号最强烈,在根冠和根伸长区信号较弱。【结论】卷丹顶端分生组织及最接近顶端的一个叶原基[大小约(0.4-0.6)mm×0.2 mm]未发现病毒信号,可作为茎尖脱毒的起始材料。根顶端分生组织外侧根冠有较强病毒信号,不适合作为卷丹脱毒培养的外植体。

化肥减量配施微生物菌肥对兰州百合光合生理特性的影响

【目的】探究化肥减量配施微生物菌肥对兰州百合生长及光合生理特性的影响,为连作兰州百合提供科学的施肥管理措施。【方法】2019-2021年在甘肃省二阴山区兰州百合试验田设置100%化肥(对照)及化肥减量30%、50%配施微生物菌肥3个处理,连续施肥3年后考察生长、光合特性、抗氧化酶活性等生理指标的变化。【结果】与对照相比,化肥减量30%和50%配施微生物菌肥处理均可不同程度提升兰州百合壮苗指数、光合特性及抗氧化酶活性,并以化肥减量30%配施微生物菌肥处理效果最佳,此时株高、茎粗、叶面积、地下生物量、壮苗指数显著提高,光合色素含量增加,PSⅡ最大光化学效率、实际光化学量子效率、电子传递速率提高,非光化学淬灭系数降低,抗氧化酶活性(SOD、POD、CAT、APX)显著提升,渗透调节物质(脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白)含量显著增加,丙二醛含量下降,植物根系活力显著增强。【结论】化肥减量30%配施微生物菌肥能促进兰州百合生长,增强叶片光合作用,提高叶片保护酶活性及渗透调节物质含量,有效改善连作兰州百合栽培环境。

不同植物生长调节剂对卷丹百合扦插繁殖效果的影响

本试验选取生长健壮、无病虫害的优良卷丹鳞茎为试验材料,比较不同浓度(100、300、500 mg/L)IAA、IBA、KT、6-BA处理对卷丹扦插繁殖的鳞茎发生率、繁殖系数、生根数、根长以及新生小鳞茎直径的影响。结果表明,生长调节剂种类与浓度共同影响卷丹鳞片的扦插繁殖效果,其中不同生长调节剂种类之间的影响差异更为明显。与IAA、6-BA、KT相比,IBA处理卷丹的繁殖效果较好,且以100 mg/L IBA处理效果最佳。与6-BA和KT处理相比,IAA和IBA处理卷丹鳞茎发生率较高,其中300 mg/L IBA处理的鳞茎发生率高达100%。

农杆菌介导的药百合鳞片遗传转化体系的建立

本试验以药百合鳞片高频再生体系为基础,研究了农杆菌介导的药百合鳞片遗传转化的几个影响因素。结果表明,预培养5d有利于转化;共培养3d并且添加100μmol/L乙酰丁香酮有利于提高转化频率并抑制了农杆菌的过度生长;在侵染阶段添加150μmol/L乙酰丁香酮,农杆菌侵染液pH值5.7、光吸收值0.8,侵染时间10min为最佳遗传转化体系。再生植株经gus基因的瞬时表达检测及hpt基因PCR检测证明载体已成功整合到药百合基因组中。

不同施肥处理对百合品质的影响

目的:确定百合的最佳施肥方案。方法:分别采用苯酚硫酸法和钼蓝比色法测定不同施肥处理的百合多糖及总磷脂含量。结果:钾肥对百合品质影响较大,后期施用叶面肥的百合,其多糖和总磷脂含量明显高于平均水平。结论:种植百合,前期要注意钾肥的施入,后期施用叶面肥,可提高百合的品质。

岷江百合天然群体的表型多样性

以岷江百合（Lilium regale Wilson）的7个天然群体为研究对象，对其株高、花瓣长、叶片数、花朵数、叶片长和叶片宽等6个表型性状进行多样性分析。结果表明：岷江百合表型性状在群体间存在广泛变异，6个性状群体间的F值为4．87～34．9l，达显著或极显著水平；群体内只有叶片长和叶片宽达极显著水平，其他4个性状均不显著。6个性状的平均表型分化系数（‰）为61．52％，群体间变异（26．25％）大于群体内变异（20．02％），说明群体间变异是百合表型性状的主要变异来源。岷江百合表型性状与地理因子的相关分析表明：株高、花朵数和叶宽与纬度成显著正相关，而其它性状与地理因子的相关性均不显著。利用群体间欧氏距离进行的UPGMA聚类分析结果表明，7个岷江百合天然群体可以划分为两类，说明性状的表型特征并没有依地理距离而聚类。

百合鳞茎形成与发育生理研究进展

在阐述了百合鳞茎生长发育特点的基础上,综述了百合鳞茎形态发生与膨大发育的生理研究进展,主要包括鳞茎的形成生理与影响因子,鳞茎发育过程中的养分积累与调控机制,以及子鳞茎离体诱导与培养等研究进展,并就今后鳞茎研究趋势进行展望。

辽宁省野生百合资源的调查与分类研究

对辽宁省野生百合资源进行了调查、收集、分类研究,弄清辽宁省野生百合的种类、形态特征和地理分布,为种质资源保存、杂交育种以及开发利用提供理论依据。结果表明:收集到的56份野生百合资源,分属6种、3变种,包括有斑百合(L.concolor var.buschianum Baker)21份、黄花渥丹(L.concolor var.coridion Baker)3份、毛百合(L.dauricum Ker.-Gawl.)2份、朝鲜百合(L.amabile Palib.)3份、细叶百合(L.pumilum DC.)6份、垂花百合(L.cernum Kom.)2份、卷丹(L.lancifolium Thunb.)14份、东北百合(L.dis-tichum Nakai)1份和大花卷丹(L.leichtlinii var.maximowiczii Baker)4份,没有收集到条叶百合(L.callosum Sieb.),也未发现渥丹原种(L.concolor Salisb.)。

毛百合×有斑百合种间杂种的核型研究

利用染色体常规压片方法,对毛百合、有斑百合及其3个杂种后代进行了核型分析。结果表明:毛百合、有斑百合和3个杂种染色体均为2n=2x=24。毛百合核型公式为2n=6m(2SAT)+4sm(2SAT)+14st,有斑百合核型公式为2n=2m+8sm+12st+2t,杂种F1-1核型公式为2n=4m+2sm+18st,F1-2核型公式为2n=2m+8sm(2SAT)+14st,F1-3核型公式为2n=2m+8sm+14st。F1-1、F1-2和母本的核型类型都是3B型,而F1-3与父本的核型类型都是3A型。在染色体长度比、平均臂比及不对称系数等指标上,杂种大部分都趋于父母本的中间值。杂种染色体形态具有父母本双亲的特点,可以鉴定为真杂种。

不同肥料配比对旱地兰州百合产量、品质及养分累积的影响

大田旱作条件下,研究了氮磷钾不同施肥配比对兰州百合产量、品质和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,PK和NK处理比对照CK增产3.2%和7.0%,NP处理比对照CK减产2.6%,化肥种类对兰州百合产量的影响顺序为钾肥>氮肥>磷肥。NPK处理较对照CK增产36.1%(P<0.05)。兰州百合为喜钾作物,适量施用钾肥可以提高其产量、总糖和粗淀粉含量。

百合远缘杂交及其杂种鉴别研究

百合种间远缘杂交的不亲和性和杂交后代鉴别,影响着百合杂交育种效率。以东方百合杂交品种‘康斯坦萨’(Lilium var.‘Constanta’)为母本,我国的特有野生百合岷江百合(Lilium re-gale Wilson)为父本,采用直接授粉法、切柱法、切柱加柱头液法3种方法在温室栽培条件下进行授粉实验;子房发育至20 d以后,采集不同处理的子房经过表面灭菌处理,横切为0.3 cm的子房薄片,接种于MS+6-BA(0.01 mg/L)+NAA(0.1 mg/L)的培养基上进行胚拯救培养;用SRAP分子标记对拯救获得的再生植株进行杂种鉴定。结果表明:3种不同授粉方法中,采用直接授粉法子房生长情况最好,切柱加柱头液法次之,切柱法最差。通过胚拯救培养获得一批杂种后代株系。分子检测结果显示,后代中7个株系均具有典型的父本及母本条带。因此可以认为,‘康斯坦萨’和岷江百合远缘杂交的障碍为受精后障碍,通过子房切片胚拯救培养获得的7个株系均为杂种。