石灰土盐基离子迁移对模拟酸雨的响应

为揭示酸雨条件下石灰土盐基离子迁移特征及其缓冲性能,对石灰土进行了室内模拟酸雨淋溶试验,探讨酸雨酸度、土层厚度、土表覆被对石灰土酸化/石灰土抗酸性以及盐基离子迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)在p H=3.5、4.5、5.5的酸雨淋溶下,石灰土盐基离子迁移量差异不显著,对酸雨具有极强的缓冲能力。期间,Ca^(2+)与Mg^(2+)释放呈显著线性相关。(2)土壤厚度对石灰土抗酸性有极显著影响,土壤越厚,对酸雨的抗性越大,反之越小。(3)土厚比1∶2.5∶5的石灰土盐基离子淋失状况为K+淋失量1∶1.43∶2.06,Ca^(2+)淋失量为1∶1.63∶3.13,Mg^(2+)淋失量为1∶1.64∶3.15,表明土厚的增加能大大降低酸雨对盐基的淋溶。(4)石灰土土表覆盖不同,其盐基离子迁移淋溶量差异明显,但并不对土壤酸化效应产生显著影响。

Amendment of Acid Soils with Crop Residues and Biochars

The liming potential of some crop residues and their biochars on an acid Ultisol was investigated using incubation experiments. Rice hulls showed greater liming potential than rice hull biochar, while soybean and pea straws had less liming potential than their biochars. Due to their higher alkalinity, biochars from legume materials increased soil pH much compared to biochars from non-legume materials. The alkalinity of biochars was a key factor aflecting their liming potential, and the greater alkalinity of biochars led to greater reductions in soil acidity. The incorporation of biochars decreased soil exchangeable acidity and increased soil exchangeable base cations and base saturation, thus improving soil fertility.