Differences between total amount of heavy metals and their occurrence form contents in the wastelands of a molybdenum mine area

In a single sample plot,the total amount of heavy metals in the soil could not necessarily reflect the contents of their effective states.This must be considered when attempting to determine the degree of soil heavy-metal pollution in an area.In the present study,the soil around the molybdenum mining area in Huludao,China,was surveyed and sampled to evaluate soil heavy-metal pollution using the Nemerow multifactor pollution index method.The Tessier continuous extraction method was used to analyze the distribution of heavy-metal forms'and their content changes in the soil of this area.Thus,the bioactivity of heavy metals in the soil,the absorption of heavy metals by plants,and the distribution of heavy metals in plants were explored to provide data supporting the use of phytoremediation technology to treat the heavy-metal pollution in the molybdenum mining area and develop ecological restoration strategies for the area's wastelands.The pollution index results indicate that heavy-metal pollution in the soil around the tailings pond is severe,mainly due to Pb and Zn heavy metals.Heavy-metal pollution in the surrounding land is mainly due to Cd and Zn.Content analysis of the heavy-metal forms/states in soils shows that exchangeable forms,which are most effective and toxic to plants,of the following metals are highest in the following areas:Cd,Cu,and Zn in the mountains around the stope;Zn,Mo,and Cu in the cultivated land around the dump;and Cd,Zn,and Mo in the cultivated land around the tailings pond.The pollution index analysis provides a basic overview of soil heavy-metal pollution across the entire mining area.However,content analysis of heavy-metal forms/states better reflects the relationship between the availability of heavy metals in the soil and the effectiveness of plants.Thus,the latter analysis can help ensure that phytoremediation strategies are adequately targeted,science-based,and effective.

Application of Earth Art in Landscape Reconstruction of Urban Industrial Wasteland

The ecological environment of industrial wasteland has been severely damaged,and problems such as environmental pollution,sharp decline in biodiversity,and ecological damage frequently occur.Therefore,reasonable renovation of industrial wasteland has become an urgent issue to be resolved.Earth art originates from nature and integrates with industrial wasteland,which plays a guiding role in promoting the upgrading and transformation of industrial wasteland landscapes,and is of great significance for the healthy development of urban environment,improving urban human settlements,and other issues.The combination of land art and urban industrial wasteland landscape transformation can guide the healthy development of urban environment.

Restoration Planning of Mining Wastelands:A Case Study

Mining plays an important role in the economic development of a country.But the consequences of the mining can be seen in the form of degradation of soil,water,and native vegetation,which ultimately results in the disturbance of the local ecosystem.The ecological restoration of such disturbed ecosystems involves the reclamation of soil,conservation of water,erosion control,and re-vegetation of native vegetation.This can be achieved by improving the physical properties of soil,enhancing the nutrient status of soil,selecting appropriate plant species for re-vegetation,providing provision of irrigation facilities for re-vegetated mining wasteland,and so on.The present study was conducted in the Kota district of Rajasthan,where stone mining is one of the major industrial activities.The paper provides a scientific assessment of the existing vegetation of limestone mining wastelands through field surveys and physicochemical analysis of soil and water.Loss of natural vegetation and excessive stoniness of the substratum were major hurdles that restrict the easy recovery of vegetation on mining wastelands but there is almost no negative impact on the water quality.The study summarizes the holistic technology including the vegetational approach to the restoration of mining wastelands and puts forward some existing problems and their solutions.

哈尔滨城市工业废弃地自生植物多样性与分布特征

【目的】当今城市化进程伴随大量废弃地的出现和消失,这些废弃地由于缺少管理和使用,为自生植物提供了重要生存空间。探索工业废弃地自生植物保护和创造可持续、低维护景观的潜力,具有理论和实践意义。【方法】2020年9—10月和2021年5—6月,对哈尔滨主城区7处工业废弃地进行调研,记录875个样方中自生植物物种名称、高度、盖度、生境类型、演替阶段、干扰强度、地表类型等信息。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验比较不同生境类型、演替阶段、干扰强度和地表类型的自生植物多样性差异,采用典型相关分析法(canonical correlation analysis,CCA)研究4类环境条件因素与自生植物物种分布的关系。【结果】结果表明:1)哈尔滨工业废弃地自生植物物种丰富,共记录43科、120属、168种;2)路缘和林缘自生植物多样性高于其他类型生境,演替中间阶段自生植物多样性高于其他阶段,中等强度干扰对自生植物多样性有积极影响,不同地表类型的3个多样性指数没有显著差异;3)4类环境条件因素对自生植物分布变化的解释量为1.79%,演替阶段和生境类型对物种分布起主要作用。【结论】工业废弃地保护和更新实践中应注重保护林缘和墙缘生境,保护和提升具有丰富生境和不同演替阶段的废弃地。

Research on the Landscape Utilization and Renovation of Industrial Wasteland in Panzhihua Steel-casting Factory

Renovation design of wasteland on the original Quarter A of Panzhihua Nongnongping Steelcasting Factory was taken for example in this study, natural conditions and biological landscapes in the study area were investigated. Principles and theories of the renovation design were introduced, it was proposed that protection and landscape renovation of industrial heritage had to be insisted to make regular and unique overall spatial layouts. On this basis, design approaches for the wasteland landscape renovation of the steel-casting factory were proposed as "maintaining original images, realizing the functional substitution; optimizing spatial structure; updating seriously-damaged industrial facilities with insignificant functionality; improving and recovering landscape soil; recovering and reconstructing vegetation".

多能互补能源基地多目标多时间尺度优化调度研究

针对“风光火”一体化调度模式下的能源基地经济稳定运行与规模化新能源高效消纳问题,提出了一种融合多目标多时间尺度的多能互补优化调度模型,充分考虑能源基地不同运行工况下的优化侧重点,分别以新能源消纳最大、机组调峰成本最低、系统运行经济性最优为目标,在满足安全约束条件下利用分支切割法进行求解,并基于日前-日内多时间尺度协调调度架构实现计划的滚动修编,通过选取内蒙古某大型能源基地作为算例进行分析。结果表明,所提模型能够有效提升“风光火”协同发电能力,在保障能源基地安全稳定运行的同时促进新能源的高效消纳,提高系统运行经济性。

成都四环路内工业废弃地自生植物生境及物种多样性

【目的】城市工业废弃地是自生植物重要的栖息地之一。揭示此类特殊生境中自生植物的物种组成和多样性特征,可以指导低维护植物景观的营建。【方法】采用网格布样法结合典型样点方法,选取成都市四环路内不同方位的10个重工业和轻工业废弃地,共584个样方展开自生植物调研,根据场地特征将工业废弃地生境分为荒置生境、半硬质生境、水湿生境和建筑生境四大类,在此基础上,细分出自生草地、砖石地、洼地等14种微生境,并分析不同生境和微生境中的自生植物物种组成和多样性特征。【结果】共记录到237种自生植物,隶属69科、186属。自生植物的生活型以多年生草本为主,占总物种数的30.80%。在自生植物群落多样性上,不同废弃年限和不同面积废弃地中的物种频度存在显著性差异,生境与微生境的物种丰富度差异不显著,但各生境间和微生境间的群落多样性呈极显著差异。【结论】为未来工业废弃地再利用的低维护植物规划提供了新思路,通过科学保留和利用自生植物,形成规划—“自然”设计—再规划的过程,激发工业废弃地自然恢复能力与潜力,并能最大化发挥再野化对工业废弃地生态修复和自然景观营造的作用。

Soil Environmental Quality Evaluation for Wasteland of Coalmine Tailing Polluted by Heavy Metals in Mingshan of Guangdong

ln order to appraise scientifical y the heavy metal contamination in waste-land of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong, the 5 soil samples in wasteland of coalmine tailing were col ected in November 2010 to March 2011. The 7 heavy metals content in the contaminated soil was measured by atomic absorption spec-trophotometry. The results showed the pH of the wasteland soil ranged from 2.87 to 6.16, and the soil was relatively infertile. The soil was mainly pol uted by Cd and Mn. The Cd content in wasteland soil ranged from 0.759 mg/kg to 3.109 mg/kg with an average content of 2.052 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Mn content ranged from 387.057 to 488.660 mg/kg with an average content of 421.215 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Nemerow integrated pol ution indexes showed the sample 1, sample 4 and sample 5 were of heavy pol ution, and sample 2 and sample 3 were of moderate pol ution.

暗沟排盐对西辽河平原苏打盐碱荒地改良效果的研究

为探究暗沟排盐技术对西辽河平原苏打盐碱荒地改良效果的影响,在科左中旗胜利乡盐碱荒地,通过设置暗沟并应用不同的改良措施,暗沟间距分别设置5 m(L1)、10 m(L2)和15 m(L3),以及无暗沟(CK)处理,在此基础上施入脱硫石膏30 t/hm^(2),腐殖酸4.5 t/hm^(2)(F1)和9 t/hm^(2)(F2),共8个处理,对暗沟排盐工程结合化学改良措施对苏打盐碱荒地土壤的脱盐效果进行研究。研究结果表明,暗沟排盐技术对降低苏打盐碱荒地的土壤盐分有显著效果,0~40 cm深度土壤全盐量平均降低1.74 g/kg,暗沟间距越小,脱盐效果越显著。此外,施入腐殖酸对降低土壤盐碱度也有显著影响,平均降低了5.7%,其中间距5 m,施用量4.5 t/hm^(2)处理的降低幅度最大,达到了8.2%。从试验结果来看,暗沟间距10 m和施用4.5 t/hm^(2)腐殖酸的组合是最佳的改良效果。研究结果可为西辽河平原盐碱荒地的合理开发利用提供了理论依据。

飞轮储能阵列系统协调控制方法综述

因受材料、成本和技术等因素制约,提高单个飞轮储能装置的容量较为困难,难以满足长时间大功率的需求。对此提出使用飞轮阵列来提高飞轮系统的总储能容量,进而降低装置的研发和生产成本。对于飞轮阵列储能系统,研究各储能单元协调控制、相互配合的控制策略是实现阵列高效、安全运行的解决方案。从飞轮储能阵列系统拓扑结构、协调控制策略及协调控制算法进行全面的综述。从飞轮储能阵列不同并网拓扑结构出发,探讨了适用于直流母线并联和交流母线并联对应的功率分配控制策略;随后以飞轮储能阵列并行接入电网为切入点,分别对集中式、主从式与分布式协调控制算法进行比较研究和归纳总结,重点评述了分布式一致性算法优势,并在此基础上进一步总结基于智能算法高效率求解的功率分配控制策略。最后,指出了飞轮储能阵列系统并网运行协调控制面临的挑战。

中欧城市地区矿山生态修复对比分析——以中国淮北市和德国盖尔森基兴市为例

中国坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理,矿山生态修复是重要的治理内容。欧美国家矿山生态修复开始较早,在理论、技术和实践方面都可以提供很好的参考,但是目前我国研究大多是单方面介绍,缺乏对比分析。文章选取矿山生态修复类型相似的中国淮北市和德国盖尔森基兴市(位于鲁尔区)为研究对象,在梳理两个城市采煤塌陷地发展概况,以及各自国家、省、城市等不同尺度在生态修复方面采取的措施和进展基础上,从多方面进行实践与经验对比分析。结果表明:中国和德国建立法律法规、政策机制等方面的生态修复治理体系在时间上较为同步,但是中国实践进度落后;淮北市和鲁尔区均注重通过矿山生态修复恢复完整的生态系统,为居民提供生态休闲空间;淮北市资金投入来源少,管理效率和工程效益有待提升;鲁尔区的近自然生态修复和管护技术值得借鉴;两个城市的生态修复质量均有待提升,需要加强理论和技术研究、工程监督和长期监测。

清代前期山西省的荒地数字与垦荒进程新探

清初确定以万历原额为准的定赋原则后,各地田赋重整中通过“剔荒征熟”形成大量荒地数字。通过对清初山西省的考察可见,这些数字主要指土地原额中的除豁荒地,受除豁政策影响,其中包含部分明中期以后形成的不堪耕种荒地,但不含大量明末清初形成的易垦抛荒地,在无主有主的分类处理和前后相继的清查除豁中,形成了滞后性、层累性和系统性缺失特征。清前期垦荒进程中,这些荒地数字是统治者判断垦荒情形的重要依据,报垦也以荒地数字为基础展开。因此,尽管雍正以前山西报垦情形不佳,实际的荒地垦复进程应比报垦数字反映的情况开始更早、规模更大、完成更快,其空间发展过程也与报垦反映情况有所差异。

哈尔滨工业废弃地现存问题及活化路径研究

哈尔滨市的工业废弃地具有城乡发展阻碍性、区域活力消极性,以及活化推进困难性三大特性,在以往的活化研究和设计实践中,往往存在较为显著的问题,因此提出了哈尔滨工业废弃地活化路径:代谢、修补、缝合、延续和活化,为哈尔滨工业废弃地现阶段面临的无机更新问题、内部空间质量低劣问题、区域联通不佳问题、工业场所精神断层问题以及无法有效活化场地问题提供解决思路。

顺应地形梯度的矿山景观生态修复设计——以威海建材开发区华夏城设计为例

矿山开采在引发较多矿山生态环境问题的同时也严重影响了人民的生产生活。如何合理规划矿山景观生态修复模式以保护生态环境和提升社会经济效益是十分重要的问题。以威海华夏城为对象,以矿山迹地地貌为研究基础,提出和搭建矿山景观生态修复的策略与技术框架,开展顺应地形梯度的矿山景观生态修复的设计与实践研究。结果表明:从环境要素设计、结构设计、功能设计3方面建立的矿山景观设计技术框架,在矿山迹地修复设计实践中具有指导意义,使建成后华夏城景区生态优良,实现了生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的共赢,同时在矿山生态环境恢复和绿化景观设计实践中起到了示范性作用。

富硫化矿业废弃地污染生物控制策略研究

【目的】基于人工干预的酸性矿山废水(AMD)污染生物控制策略,为同类矿山的污染修复提供解决方案。【方法】通过对矿山生态复垦工程实践的长期跟踪,结合AMD产生的“闭环式”反应条件,分析其污染演化规律和基于人工干预的污染生物控制策略。【结果】AMD污染演化及人工干预修复过程主要分为污染潜伏期、严重污染期、工程修复期、植被恢复窗口期、持续恶化期5个阶段。污染潜伏期内坚持动态整治并及时复垦覆绿是生物控制潜在污染的关键;严重污染期借助工程措施快速修复存量污染并全面重构土壤环境是植被能够恢复的关键;而植被恢复窗口期内快速重建乔灌木为主的立体植被群落系统以强化土壤功能修复,是遏制增量污染并确保植被系统可持续恢复的关键。【结论】以生物策略控制矿山污染的效费比更高、效果更可持续且环境更友好。

清代黄淮地区的官方治水与地权转移

在清代,对官员而言,治河带来的土地利益的回报,不低于对国帑的贪污。在淮黄运交汇的水患区,土地价值取决于能否避水之害。无权平民被洪水逼迫大量弃耕弃田,与官权有关的强势集团则大肆占地,导致大地产极为普遍,土地在权力加持下大量增值。晚清黄淮地区发生的山东湖团(客民)在徐州与当地民众(土民)的争田事件中,被朝廷及后世史家视为非常“公允”的曾国藩处理方案,实质上融入很大的政治考量,把官府的责任转嫁给了受害的土客双方,并用冠冕堂皇的官场套话打压了民间规范,留下了无尽的土地纠纷后患。

尾矿废弃地污染物特征及基质改良技术

矿业开发不可避免的会给人类居住环境和周边生态系统带来巨大的影响。以豫西某尾矿废弃地为研究对象,通过养分和污染物特征识别,对尾矿废弃地进行综合评价,并开展系统的生态修复技术研究。研究结果表明,尾矿废弃地理化性质差、养分贫瘠、重金属含量较高。尾砂内梅罗综合污染指数为7.73,属于重度污染水平。Hakanson潜在生态危害指数RI平均值为299.79,Cd、Pb具有很强的环境风险。根据生态修复后土壤理化性质及植物生物量分析,黑麦草对Cd、Hg富集作用最强、对Cu、Pb具有良好的耐性,提出了可优化的基质改良方案为3 g石膏+6 g腐植酸肥料+3 g保水剂、2 g过磷酸钙+1 g NTA,为今后尾矿废弃地生态修复提供借鉴,支撑矿业可持续发展。

探析金属矿山废弃地生态修复技术

生态修复对于金属矿山废弃地而言,不仅是一项重要的环境保护措施,更是实现可持续发展的关键环节。金属矿山的开采活动往往对周边环境造成深远影响,如土壤污染、水体污染、生物多样性丧失等一系列问题。这些问题不仅影响当地居民的生活质量,也对整个生态系统的稳定性和功能造成威胁。本文中笔者将针对金属矿山废弃地生态修复技术展开研究。

“城市双修”理念下的工业废弃地景观规划——以龙岩市北山公园矿坑特色主题园概念规划为例

传统工业的衰退和城市的快速发展,使许多工业设施及用地被遗弃,形成大片工业废弃地,极大影响了城市的生态环境及景观风貌。以龙岩市北山公园矿坑特色主题园概念规划为例,秉承“城市双修”的理念,通过场地现状、成因、景观特征的分析,从规划设计理念、平面构成形式、特色景点规划、生态修复规划、园路设施规划等方面入手,提出了以生态修复为重点,打造满足周边居民需求的矿坑特色主题园区,提升土地利用价值。同时,探索城市工业废弃地的景观规划途径,以科学可行的景观设计方式,修复工业废弃地的生态环境,形成可持续发展的生态景观系统,实现从衰败的工业废弃地到绿色公园的转变。

消费主义时代下废土风格服装的审美演变与色彩表达

本论文旨在探讨废土风和废墟美学在当代服装设计中的发展与应用,特别关注其与消费主义和色彩心理学的关系。通过深入分析废土风和废墟美学在服装设计中的体现方式,以及色彩在其中的运用,探讨消费主义对废土设计风格的塑造作用。论文将运用色彩理论,结合时代背景研究废土风和废墟美学所选择的色彩对消费者心理和情感的影响,为当前时尚设计领域的文化和审美提供新的视角和理解,剖析色彩表达在服装设计中的应用价值。