During construction,the shield linings of tunnels often face the problem of local or overall upward movement after leaving the shield tail in soft soil areas or during some large diameter shield projects.Differential ...During construction,the shield linings of tunnels often face the problem of local or overall upward movement after leaving the shield tail in soft soil areas or during some large diameter shield projects.Differential floating will increase the initial stress on the segments and bolts which is harmful to the service performance of the tunnel.In this study we used a random forest(RF)algorithm combined particle swarm optimization(PSO)and 5-fold cross-validation(5-fold CV)to predict the maximum upward displacement of tunnel linings induced by shield tunnel excavation.The mechanism and factors causing upward movement of the tunnel lining are comprehensively summarized.Twelve input variables were selected according to results from analysis of influencing factors.The prediction performance of two models,PSO-RF and RF(default)were compared.The Gini value was obtained to represent the relative importance of the influencing factors to the upward displacement of linings.The PSO-RF model successfully predicted the maximum upward displacement of the tunnel linings with a low error(mean absolute error(MAE)=4.04 mm,root mean square error(RMSE)=5.67 mm)and high correlation(R^(2)=0.915).The thrust and depth of the tunnel were the most important factors in the prediction model influencing the upward displacement of the tunnel linings.展开更多
Applying the Fourier transform to the wave equations of elastic medium at its surface a laser pulse line source is acted, the integral representations of solutions are obtained. Displacement waveforms are calculated n...Applying the Fourier transform to the wave equations of elastic medium at its surface a laser pulse line source is acted, the integral representations of solutions are obtained. Displacement waveforms are calculated numerically by using double FFT. The calculated results include the displacements of the elastic half space of Aluminum medium, and epicenter and off-epicenter of an Aluminum plate. The two exciting sources of thermoelastic and ablating generation are considered respectively. The experiment was made on the Aluminum medium with a Nd:YAG laser and the normal displacement signals are detected by a laser interferometer. The numerical results are quite in agreement with experiments.展开更多
As one of the typical less-mobility parallel mechanisms, the spherical parallel mechanism Up.s with two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) possess high order overconstraints, and the calculation of its stiffness is partly d...As one of the typical less-mobility parallel mechanisms, the spherical parallel mechanism Up.s with two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) possess high order overconstraints, and the calculation of its stiffness is partly different with general parallel mechanisms owing to the bars in each branch are assumed to be arc-shaped. By means of small deformation superposition principle, the relationship between the angle displacement and line displacement of moving platform and the forces acted on the branches were derived out. Based on the results of static analysis, the relationship between the applied force, the line displacement and the angle displacement of the mechanism was set up. And then the stiffness matrix was obtained. The six principal stiffness of the mechanism and the corresponding directions were achieved by the orthogonal transformation. The numerical calculation was performed and the results showed that the principal stiffness and directions are varied with the pose-position of the mechanism, and the principal stiffness is gradually enlarged when it is far away from the anigin. In addition, the torsion stiffness is much greater and the line deformation stiffness is smaller, the difference between the two parts is huge. The research content of this paper supplies the theoretical foundation for the further engineering design and application of the spherical parallel mechanism.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Science Center Program for Multiphase Evolution in Hyper Gravity of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51988101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52178306)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LR19E080002).
文摘During construction,the shield linings of tunnels often face the problem of local or overall upward movement after leaving the shield tail in soft soil areas or during some large diameter shield projects.Differential floating will increase the initial stress on the segments and bolts which is harmful to the service performance of the tunnel.In this study we used a random forest(RF)algorithm combined particle swarm optimization(PSO)and 5-fold cross-validation(5-fold CV)to predict the maximum upward displacement of tunnel linings induced by shield tunnel excavation.The mechanism and factors causing upward movement of the tunnel lining are comprehensively summarized.Twelve input variables were selected according to results from analysis of influencing factors.The prediction performance of two models,PSO-RF and RF(default)were compared.The Gini value was obtained to represent the relative importance of the influencing factors to the upward displacement of linings.The PSO-RF model successfully predicted the maximum upward displacement of the tunnel linings with a low error(mean absolute error(MAE)=4.04 mm,root mean square error(RMSE)=5.67 mm)and high correlation(R^(2)=0.915).The thrust and depth of the tunnel were the most important factors in the prediction model influencing the upward displacement of the tunnel linings.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaState key Lab.of Information Function Material of
文摘Applying the Fourier transform to the wave equations of elastic medium at its surface a laser pulse line source is acted, the integral representations of solutions are obtained. Displacement waveforms are calculated numerically by using double FFT. The calculated results include the displacements of the elastic half space of Aluminum medium, and epicenter and off-epicenter of an Aluminum plate. The two exciting sources of thermoelastic and ablating generation are considered respectively. The experiment was made on the Aluminum medium with a Nd:YAG laser and the normal displacement signals are detected by a laser interferometer. The numerical results are quite in agreement with experiments.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51275443 and 51005195)Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(Grant No.212012)+1 种基金Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20111333120004)Natural Science Foundationof Hebei Province(Grant No.E2012203034)
文摘As one of the typical less-mobility parallel mechanisms, the spherical parallel mechanism Up.s with two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) possess high order overconstraints, and the calculation of its stiffness is partly different with general parallel mechanisms owing to the bars in each branch are assumed to be arc-shaped. By means of small deformation superposition principle, the relationship between the angle displacement and line displacement of moving platform and the forces acted on the branches were derived out. Based on the results of static analysis, the relationship between the applied force, the line displacement and the angle displacement of the mechanism was set up. And then the stiffness matrix was obtained. The six principal stiffness of the mechanism and the corresponding directions were achieved by the orthogonal transformation. The numerical calculation was performed and the results showed that the principal stiffness and directions are varied with the pose-position of the mechanism, and the principal stiffness is gradually enlarged when it is far away from the anigin. In addition, the torsion stiffness is much greater and the line deformation stiffness is smaller, the difference between the two parts is huge. The research content of this paper supplies the theoretical foundation for the further engineering design and application of the spherical parallel mechanism.