In this work, the main reasons for the breakage of 500 kV transmission line are studied. Under low temperature condition, the coverage of the ice results in the disconnection between the aluminum tube and the steel an...In this work, the main reasons for the breakage of 500 kV transmission line are studied. Under low temperature condition, the coverage of the ice results in the disconnection between the aluminum tube and the steel anchor of strain clamp. Using macroscopic analysis, structure stress analysis, force analysis and mechanical property test, the fractured strain clamps are investigated. The crimping of the aluminum tube on the polished rod not on the grooves of the steel anchor leads to the damage of the strain clamps, which is defined as improper crimping. When improper crimping emerges, there will be only friction force between the aluminum tube and the steel anchor without shear force, and the tension of the conductor will be mainly supported by the steel strands which should be supported by both the aluminum tube and steel stands. Therefore, the breaking force of the strain clamp will greatly decrease. The failure analysis helps to promote the proper hydraulic crimping process and the safe operation of the transmission line.展开更多
The therapeutic options for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC) have completely changed during the last ten years. With the sequential use of targeted therapies, median overall survival has increased i...The therapeutic options for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC) have completely changed during the last ten years. With the sequential use of targeted therapies, median overall survival has increased in daily practice and now it is not uncommon to see patients surviving kidney cancer for more than four to five years. Once treatment fails with the first line targeted therapy, head to head comparisons have shown that cabozantinib, nivolumab and the combination of lenvatinib plus everolimus are more effective than everolimus alone and that axitinib is more active than sorafenib. Unfortunately, it is very unlikely that we will ever have prospective data comparing the activity of axitinib, cabozantinib, lenvatinib or nivolumab. It is frustrating to observe the lack of biomarkers that we have in this field, thus there is no firm recommendation about the optimal sequence of treatment in the second line. In the absence of reliable biomarkers, there are several clinical endpoints that can help physicians to make decisions for an individual patient, such as the tumor burden, the expected response rate and the time to achieve the response to each agent, the prior response to the agent administered, the toxicity profile of the different compounds and patient preference. Here, we propose the introduction of the tumor-growth rate(TGR) during first-line treatment as a new tool to be used to select the second line strategy in m RCC. The rapidness of TGR before the onset of the treatment reflects the variability between patients in terms of tumor growth kinetics and it could be a surrogate marker of tumor aggressiveness that may guide treatment decisions.展开更多
Groundwater is reported to account for 87% of all drinking water resources in Dhaka which has suffered a decline of up to 75 m in some specific location. Over-extraction of groundwater is an extensive social problem i...Groundwater is reported to account for 87% of all drinking water resources in Dhaka which has suffered a decline of up to 75 m in some specific location. Over-extraction of groundwater is an extensive social problem in Dhaka and Gazipur city which needs to be investigating thoroughly. This study presents the diagnosis of groundwater depletion pattern and the yearly rate of decline over the last three decades for Dhaka and Gazipur metropolitan area. Groundwater data were collected from the relevant institutions in order to analyse the trend line and the rate of decline of groundwater levels for more than 30 years period to understand the long-time variability. Ten individual stations datasets for GWL have been analyzed for Dhaka and Gazipur within a selected reference time period (1980-2012). The highest depleted GWL were found in the Mirpur station which is now 68 m below ground. To find out the time span when the depletion rate is highest, the rate of decline of all datasets has been computed which shows that 1998-2005 is the consecutive eight years time span with the fastest depletion rate. On the other hand, the annual trend-line analysis shows rapid depletion pattern after the year 2000.展开更多
Rate of exserted stigmas (RES), ie. the ratio of glumes with exserted stigmas to the total glumes is one of the most important characteristics which affects the out-crossing rate of its combinations. Sixteen P(T) GMS ...Rate of exserted stigmas (RES), ie. the ratio of glumes with exserted stigmas to the total glumes is one of the most important characteristics which affects the out-crossing rate of its combinations. Sixteen P(T) GMS lines with different ecotypes were used to study the variations of RES during their stable sterile period in Wuhan from 1992—1993. Ten healthy panicles were randomly selected at full anthesis. Their colour and the number of glumes showing one-side or two-side exserted of stigmas were investigated. Table 1 showed that there were a great variations of RES among the 16 lines tested in two consecutive years (c.v.=43.38%) and among the展开更多
文摘In this work, the main reasons for the breakage of 500 kV transmission line are studied. Under low temperature condition, the coverage of the ice results in the disconnection between the aluminum tube and the steel anchor of strain clamp. Using macroscopic analysis, structure stress analysis, force analysis and mechanical property test, the fractured strain clamps are investigated. The crimping of the aluminum tube on the polished rod not on the grooves of the steel anchor leads to the damage of the strain clamps, which is defined as improper crimping. When improper crimping emerges, there will be only friction force between the aluminum tube and the steel anchor without shear force, and the tension of the conductor will be mainly supported by the steel strands which should be supported by both the aluminum tube and steel stands. Therefore, the breaking force of the strain clamp will greatly decrease. The failure analysis helps to promote the proper hydraulic crimping process and the safe operation of the transmission line.
文摘The therapeutic options for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC) have completely changed during the last ten years. With the sequential use of targeted therapies, median overall survival has increased in daily practice and now it is not uncommon to see patients surviving kidney cancer for more than four to five years. Once treatment fails with the first line targeted therapy, head to head comparisons have shown that cabozantinib, nivolumab and the combination of lenvatinib plus everolimus are more effective than everolimus alone and that axitinib is more active than sorafenib. Unfortunately, it is very unlikely that we will ever have prospective data comparing the activity of axitinib, cabozantinib, lenvatinib or nivolumab. It is frustrating to observe the lack of biomarkers that we have in this field, thus there is no firm recommendation about the optimal sequence of treatment in the second line. In the absence of reliable biomarkers, there are several clinical endpoints that can help physicians to make decisions for an individual patient, such as the tumor burden, the expected response rate and the time to achieve the response to each agent, the prior response to the agent administered, the toxicity profile of the different compounds and patient preference. Here, we propose the introduction of the tumor-growth rate(TGR) during first-line treatment as a new tool to be used to select the second line strategy in m RCC. The rapidness of TGR before the onset of the treatment reflects the variability between patients in terms of tumor growth kinetics and it could be a surrogate marker of tumor aggressiveness that may guide treatment decisions.
文摘Groundwater is reported to account for 87% of all drinking water resources in Dhaka which has suffered a decline of up to 75 m in some specific location. Over-extraction of groundwater is an extensive social problem in Dhaka and Gazipur city which needs to be investigating thoroughly. This study presents the diagnosis of groundwater depletion pattern and the yearly rate of decline over the last three decades for Dhaka and Gazipur metropolitan area. Groundwater data were collected from the relevant institutions in order to analyse the trend line and the rate of decline of groundwater levels for more than 30 years period to understand the long-time variability. Ten individual stations datasets for GWL have been analyzed for Dhaka and Gazipur within a selected reference time period (1980-2012). The highest depleted GWL were found in the Mirpur station which is now 68 m below ground. To find out the time span when the depletion rate is highest, the rate of decline of all datasets has been computed which shows that 1998-2005 is the consecutive eight years time span with the fastest depletion rate. On the other hand, the annual trend-line analysis shows rapid depletion pattern after the year 2000.
文摘Rate of exserted stigmas (RES), ie. the ratio of glumes with exserted stigmas to the total glumes is one of the most important characteristics which affects the out-crossing rate of its combinations. Sixteen P(T) GMS lines with different ecotypes were used to study the variations of RES during their stable sterile period in Wuhan from 1992—1993. Ten healthy panicles were randomly selected at full anthesis. Their colour and the number of glumes showing one-side or two-side exserted of stigmas were investigated. Table 1 showed that there were a great variations of RES among the 16 lines tested in two consecutive years (c.v.=43.38%) and among the
