Improvement of Binocular Reconstruction Algorithm for Measuring 3D Pavement Texture Using a Single Laser Line Scanning Constraint

The dense and accurate measurement of 3D texture is helpful in evaluating the pavement function.To form dense mandatory constraints and improve matching accuracy,the traditional binocular reconstruction technology was improved threefold.First,a single moving laser line was introduced to carry out global scanning constraints on the target,which would well overcome the difficulty of installing and recognizing excessive laser lines.Second,four kinds of improved algorithms,namely,disparity replacement,superposition synthesis,subregion segmentation,and subregion segmentation centroid enhancement,were established based on different constraint mechanism.Last,the improved binocular reconstruction test device was developed to realize the dual functions of 3D texture measurement and precision self-evaluation.Results show that compared with traditional algorithms,the introduction of a single laser line scanning constraint is helpful in improving the measurement’s accuracy.Among various improved algorithms,the improvement effect of the subregion segmentation centroid enhancement method is the best.It has a good effect on both overall measurement and single pointmeasurement,which can be considered to be used in pavement function evaluation.

Temperature Field in Laser Line Scanning Thermography: Analytical Calculation and Experiment

The temperature field in laser line scanning thermography is investigated comprehensively in this work,including analytical calculation and experiment.Firstly,the principle of laser line scanning thermography is analyzed.On this basis,a physical laser line scanning model is proposed.Afterwards,based on Fourier transform(FT)and segregation variablemethod(SVM),the heat conduction differential equation in laser line scanning thermography is derived in detail.The temperature field of the composite-based coatings model with defects is simulated numerically.The results show that the laser line scanning thermography can effectively detect the defects in the model.The correctness of the analytical calculation is verified by comparing the surface temperature distribution obtained by analytical calculation and numerical simulation.Additionally,an experiment is carried out and the changeable surface temperature obtained by analytical calculation is compared with the experimental results.It shows that the error of maximum temperature obtained by analytical calculation and by experiment is 8%with high accuracy,which proves the correctness of analytical calculation and enriches the theoretical foundation of laser line scanning thermography.

Design of operation parameters of a high speed TDI CCD line scan camera

This paper analyzes the operation parameters of the time delay and integration (TDI) line scan CCD camera, such as resolution, line rate, clock frequency, etc. and their mathematical relationship is deduced. By analyzing and calculating these parameters, the working clocks of the TDI CCD line scan camera are designed, which guarantees the synchronization of the line scan rate and the camera movement speed. The IL-E2 TDI CCD of DALSA Co. is used as the sensor of the camera in the paper. The working clock generator used for the TDI CCD sensor is realized by using the programmable logic device (PLD). The experimental results show that the working clock generator circuit satisfies the requirement of high speed TDI CCD line scan camera.

Line scanning analysis of the component of Ru Porcelain by micro energy disperse X-ray fluorescence probe

The cross section of the Ru Porcelain sherds is analyzed from glaze to body for main elemental contents with EDXRF probe line scanning method. It is found that a midst layer with great variety of elemental contents exists from glaze to body. Furthermore, every elemental content changes continuously and each has different shapes with different jumping-off points and end- points. It is certain that the midst layer is formed during the process of porcelain firing, when vitreous glaze infiltrates into the surface of porcelain body. It also well fits the phenomenon observed through different microscopes (stereo-microscope, polarizing microscope and SEM).

New LED light source system with uniform illumination for line-scan CCD imaging systems

A system with uniform light reflection in the inner surface within a horizontal 2/3 cylindrical structure for line-scan CCD of the print testing was designed. The design was based on diffuse reflection uniformity of the integrating sphere and requirement of the strip uniform illumination region. This system was called dome light. White light LED array light sources were used for uniform illumi- nation. The LEDs were filtrated to composite array light source based on coefficient of variation of a single LED. The standard white board and SG color checkers were used in the line-scan CCD imaging experiments under the dome light and ordinary illumination light source. The average color difference （AE） of SG color checkers in CIELAB space was 2. 091 under the dome light and 2. 286 under ordinary illumination light source respectively. Experimental results indicate that the dome light can satisfy illumination uniformity and color rendering consistency for line-scan CCD and provide a standard light source for uniform calibration of different cameras.

基于PS-based架构的线扫描(Line-scan)影像检测系统

本篇文章主要针对目前线扫描系统之主要组件以及如何取到正确且等比例的线扫描影像作介绍,提供有兴趣或刚开始接触线性扫描系统的使用者作为参考.

Image Correction Method of Color Line-Scan System

As the development of machine vision technology, the color line-scan system is widely applied in the on-line inspection. Due to the non-uniform gray scale and color distortion of the image acquired by the system, the image correction is needed to reduce the problem of image processing and the stability system. Based on reasons mentioned above, a method that using polynomial fitting to correct the image is presented to solve the problem in this paper. The method has been used in the automatic optical inspection of PCB, and has been proved to be effective. So this method will have a potential application to the development of the color line-scan machine vision system.

基于线结构光的大型构件表面尺寸加工质量检测方法

针对大型构件表面尺寸加工质量的高精度三维检测的需求,设计了一套主动式线结构光旋转扫描检测系统.采用相机主动式旋转扫描,适用于不方便移动且跨距大、特征多的大型构件检测.提出了一种新的系统旋转中心快速标定的方法,仅需标靶上一点即可完成标定,适合大型构件检测的现场快速标定.加入编码机构,可根据被测物的特征变化动态调整扫描速度,提高了系统检测效率和通用性.所有元器件均可单独调用,保证了系统的可扩展性.改善了扫描时的串口逻辑,进一步提高了三维点云的密度.实验结果表明,本系统对标准物体的最大偏差为0.0310 mm,标准差最大为0.0150 mm,对大型构件实物的检测误差在0.05 mm以内,满足大型构件表面特征加工质量的高精度三维检测需求.

基于2.5D标定扇的线阵相机内参数标定方法

针对工业生产线上或集成设备中线阵相机内参数定期检校困难且成本高的问题,提出一种基于2.5D标定扇的线阵相机内参数标定方法。设计了一款特定的2.5D标定扇,构建包含镜头畸变的线阵相机内参数标定模型,顾及了标靶相对相机的两个姿态角,通过方程线性变换法解算模型参数初值,利用改进的Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M)算法加速优化相机参数的求解过程,给出了详细的解算步骤和数据处理过程,并通过仿真和实测数据验证了方法的可行性。结果表明:该线阵相机标定方法简单灵活,可得到大量分布规律的特征点对,参数标定精度不受相机移动精度和特定移动方向的限制;在扇骨面与靶面间夹角小于10°时,可以获得高精度、高一致性的相机内参数,特征点重投影误差的最大值优于0.28 pixel,平均RMSE为0.11 pixel,标准差仅0.01 pixel。

基于激光联动扫描的单目动态三维主动热成像研究

为了满足对非平面碳纤维复合材料无损检测的需求,文中提出了一种仅使用一台热像仪对运动试件进行主动三维热成像的系统,称为单目动态三维主动热成像。该系统融合了检测对象的三维轮廓与和主动热成像检测,能够对具有复杂几何形状的复合材料试件进行检测,并给出直观的热成像缺陷检查结果。不同于传统的三维主动热成像检测方法需要额外的三维相机获取检测对象表面轮廓信息;该系统不需要独立的三维传感器,而热像仪同时作为三维传感器与温度传感器。为了实现这一功能,在线激光联动扫描热成像的基础上,文中提出了一个统一联动扫描模型和针孔相机投影模型的数学模型,将线激光作为主动热成像的热激励和三维重建的空间编码。在算法中,该模型实现了对重构热图序列和三维形状点云的无特征配准,该配准方法工作快速、稳健,不需要关键点。标准高度试件标定实验结果表明:在1~150mm的高度测量范围,平均误差0.16mm,最大误差不超过0.25 mm。碳纤维进气管实验表明,该方法具有大尺寸碳纤维复合材料三维温度场重建与检测检测能力。文中提出的单目三维动态热成像系统结构简单、工作稳定,可用于在生产线的三维测量、缺陷检测和质量控制。

基于激光扫描的废弃玻璃目标分拣优化方法

废弃玻璃分拣时存在分拣效果差、耗时长的问题,为此提出一种基于激光扫描的废弃玻璃目标分拣优化方法。利用激光扫描获取玻璃点云数据,将原始点云数据加工成切片数据并压缩,通过最小二乘法控制点云数据误差,以此获取所需待分拣区域目标数据。利用图像阈值分割法,通过各目标间的差距度量完成区域图像前景和背景分割,使用四叉树方法分解包含目标的前景图像控制点重建背景,通过高斯滤波器平滑处理背景图像提取废弃玻璃特征,最终采用模板匹配方法寻找废弃玻璃目标,从而实现分拣工作。实验结果表明,所提方法分拣的废弃玻璃与实际结果一致,并且分拣时间低于1.5 s,验证了该方法的分拣效果好,应用价值更高。

基于三维点云的轮对踏面轮廓动态测量教学实验设计

通过MV-DP090-02B激光轮廓传感器获取轨道车辆轮对踏面轮廓影像信息,再将物体表面轮廓位置转化为三维点云数据,并对数据进行降噪和特征提取,然后对踏面轮廓进行三维重建。文章结合轮对踏面动态测量实验,对轮对低速转动过程中的踏面轮廓进行了扫描。数据处理结果表明,基于MV-DP090-02B激光轮廓传感器获取的三维扫描点云数据及相关数据处理,可以动态测量轮对转动过程中的踏面轮廓;MV-DP090-02B激光轮廓传感器能够满足实验室的测量需求,操作简便,是“轨道交通车辆机械检修”课程实验中轮对踏面轮廓获取的一种新方法。

基于点密度调整的激光雷达点云配准改进方法

线扫激光雷达设备由于扫描机制,采集的点云数据会呈现条纹结构。为了改善点云配准结果,提出了一种基于点密度调整的激光雷达点云配准改进方法。首先利用八叉树算法和区域生长法将输入数据转化成超体素框架图。然后基于该框架来约束重采样过程,将重采样点沿法向量方向移动,再根据一个使点均匀分布的最小化能量函数来调整插入点分布,实现数据重采样。实验表明,该算法能改进点云质量,提高经典ICP算法和3D-NDT算法的配准精度,减少配准耗时。

一种低驻波宽角波束超宽带双锥线阵列天线研制

设计和制作了一种实现宽角波束扫描的1×3超宽带双锥线极化阵列天线,可以应用于无人机上实现空地宽带通信。由于无人机平台安装尺寸受限,通过用椭球形阵子代替传统锥形阵子,并切割椭球振子外部轮廓使其安装在250 mm×130 mm×90 mm的空间内,实现了低剖面、小型化等特点。仿真结果表明,该阵列天线在0.8~2.4 GHz的频带范围内电压驻波比均小于2.5,在±45°波束扫描范围内的4个波束的最低增益均超过了2 dBi,满足实际的应用需求。

车载激光点云斑马线提取方法研究

针对城市道路斑马线测量困难、既有基于点云数据识别提取斑马线方法存在较多弊端的问题,以车载激光扫描点云数据为基础,利用车载扫描系统点云扫描线对斑马线角点提取算法进行优化设计,通过OTSU算法分离斑马线点云,分别采用“扫描线数量-水平距离”频率分布直方图、移动判别窗口,结合RANSAC算法对斑马线长短边进行提取作业,通过斑马线长短边几何关系对斑马线角点坐标进行精确提取,依托实际工程项目对算法提取准确性进行分析验证,将斑马线角点提取结果与人工实测数据进行对比分析,通过中误差和距离均方根误差综合验证了斑马线角点提取算法的可靠性,为城市运营道路斑马线、标示线等道路特征线快速采集更新提供了新型技术方法。

基于逐行扫描法的焊缝识别研究

爬壁机器人通过跟踪焊缝以完成对大型压力容器密封性的检测。压力容器上的焊缝主要存在直线型和T型两种焊缝,传统的焊缝识别方法在正常环境下可以准确地识别焊缝,但压力容器上的焊缝长时间暴露在空气中会产生许多干扰信息。针对原始焊缝图像存在腐蚀、锈斑等问题,导致传统方法难以准确识别,提出了一种基于逐行扫描的焊缝识别方法。在经过灰度拉伸变化、二值化、滤波及形态学处理等预处理的基础上,利用Canny算法结合修正技术进行边缘检测,采用逐行扫描获取中点的方法提取中心线,使得检测机器人能准确识别焊缝。通过爬壁机器人搭载相机对焊缝进行实时检测实验,实验结果表明该方法可帮助机器人稳定可靠地完成对大型压力容器上的焊缝识别。

基于点云数据配准的输电线路异常检测方法

异常检测是输电线路运维中的重要环节,可为输电线路故障维修提供可靠依据。但现有检测方法命中率较低,且检测结果与实际运行线路的斯皮尔曼相关系数较低。针对现有方法的不足,提出了一种基于点云数据配准的输电线路异常检测方法。首先,利用三维激光扫描仪采集输电线路点云数据;其次,对采集点云数据中离散点进行降噪处理,并通过点云数据配准方法模拟输电线路状态;最后,通过与正常输电线路对比识别线路异常状态,以完成输电线路异常检测。实验表明,异常检测方法命中率高达96%以上,检测结果与实际运行线路的斯皮尔曼相关系数达0.9以上,同时,该方法在输电线路异常检测方面具有良好的应用前景。

原状黄土土-水特征曲线与湿陷性的相关性

为了研究原状黄土土-水特征曲线与黄土湿陷性之间的联系,在陕西西安长安区取地表以下30 m范围内的原状黄土土样,进行基本物理指标试验和湿陷性试验。对不同典型地层的黄土-古土壤试样进行土水特征曲线试验,通过电镜扫描从微观角度分析。研究结果表明:大孔隙的数量与饱和体积含水率呈正相关;中孔隙的数目与过渡区斜率的大小呈正相关,孔隙数目越多土体失水速度越快;微小孔隙的数目和土的塑性指数影响残余含水率的大小。对于不同深度土层,饱和体积含水率和过渡区斜率与土层的湿陷系数呈正相关;塑性指数接近土层的湿陷系数对残余体积含水率的影响不明显;古土壤层的SWCC与湿陷系数之间存在与黄土层相同的正相关性。文章从非饱和土力学的方向去研究黄土的湿陷性,为湿陷性的研究提供一种新的研究角度。

智能牵引供电系统接触网状态监测技术及应用

智能牵引供电系统具有信息化、自动化和智能化的特点,接触网作为牵引供电系统的重要组成部分,承担着电力输送的艰巨任务。为防止由于热胀冷缩使补偿装置移动范围过大导致发生接触网断线等重大事故,基于深度学习理论和图像处理算法对补偿装置进行实时监控,设计了接触网断线智能监测系统,实现了对智能化牵引供电系统进行更加全面的数据实时监测,为不断调整和优化智能牵引供电系统提供技术支持。

结合扫描线与栅格投影的车载LiDAR实时道路边界提取

针对车载激光雷达(LiDAR)实时点云数据提取道路边界困难的问题,本文采用扫描线与栅格投影地图相结合的方法进行道路边界提取。首先,基于方位角周期性实施扫描线分离;其次,采用单束点云空间邻域联合分割滤波分离路面点,保留非路面点进行障碍物地图建立;再次,以搜索格网两方向的搜索方式,增加高程极差和路宽约束条件进行道路边界提取;最后,通过多项式曲线拟合算法进行边界拟合,并选取两组代表性KITTI郊区道路数据进行试验。试验结果表明,本文方法能够有效提取道路边界,且应用效果良好,平均准确度可达80%以上。