基于CCD的激光熔覆熔池平滑度在线监测系统研究

由于激光熔覆过程高温高亮,无法实时准确判断熔覆效果。使用CCD相机结合平滑度监测算法,对不同功率下的熔池形貌进行监测,验证算法性能,判断熔覆效果,同时尝试叶片修复。结果表明:激光功率过大或者扫描速度过慢,均会导致熔池边缘平滑度较差,进而认为熔覆参数不合适;为防止熔坏基材,可根据监测效果及时停机;发现激光功率与熔池边缘平滑度呈负相关。

高速科学CCD CAMERA系统设计

在实验结果的基础上,介绍了一种高速科学CCD相机系统设计。测试选用了柯达CCD芯片KAF-0401LE和KAF-1001E,用MAXII系列CPLD芯片实现了CCD驱动时序和数据采集时序控制;采用片内集成CDS的CCD信号A/D转换器AD9824进行相关双采样和高速模数转换;内置8051的CypressUSB2.0控制芯片CY7C68013A完成了高速同步数据传输及与上位机通讯,接收和发送上位机指令等;结合USB采集系统使用VisualC++编写了系统控制界面。实现了采集速率选择(最高10MHzPixelRate对应于20Mbyte/sUSB传输速度)、复合模式选择、单帧/连续采集、制冷温度采集和控制等,适用于同类型CCD相机的系统设计。

Night Vision Characteristics and Application of MTV 2821CB CCD Camera

Aim To describe accumulating frames characteristics of CCD camera as a night vision detector. Methods Utilizing CCD external trigger, computer video capture card and image processing software, the image accumulation was made. Results The detection of the static object image whose illuminance on the CCD FPA(focal plane array) was less than 3 7×10 -5 lx was realized and the image's resolution of 300?TV lines was achieved. Conclusion This experimental system can provide a kind of night vision device capable of detecting the static object at low light level and with low cost compared to an image intensifier.

基于Camera Link总线的CCD高速图像采集技术

现代天文学研究越来越依赖于高质量的天文观测结果。针对天文实测的需要,对基于Camera Link总线的CCD高速图像采集技术进行了系统调研,分析对比了Camera Link总线技术及其优缺点,对基于Camera link接口的高速CCD采集技术进行了深入的研究,着重讨论了单缓存与双缓存高速采集技术和实现机制。经实际测试,所实现的技术稳定、可靠,CPU负载低,采集速度达到了厂家给出的CCD相机的最高采集速度,可以满足天文大数据量采集与准实时观测的需要。

基于Camera Link的线阵CCD外同步控制设计与实现

在纺织布匹疵点检测系统中,获取平稳清晰图像对后续布匹图像疵点的精确检测和类别正确识别至关重要。由于布匹疵点检测系统外部事件的不可预测性,如何控制线阵CCD以获取平稳清晰的图像。针对这一问题提出了一种线阵CCD相机外同步控制方法。该方法采用VHDL语言在Xilinx公司Virtex-II PRO FPGA架构上设计实现。重点介绍了相机自适应的外同步控制设计方案和实现方法,通过ModelSim仿真和布匹疵点检测系统的在线测试,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。

Mosaic line-scan camera based on FPGA

Because single line-scan camera loses light in the edge of the sensor when the field of view is large, a mosaic cam- era based on field programmable gate array （FPGA） is presented by putting multiple cameras arranged in a straight line to share the field of view and reduce the view angle of every camera. For detecting doping micro particles with the designed mosaic line-scan camera, a detection algorithm of the target＇s location in FPGA is proposed. Finally, the practicability and stability of the system were validated experimentally. The results of the experiment show that the camera can get images clearly with less light loss and can accurately distinguish the target and the background.

Improved plasma position detection method in EAST Tokamak using fast CCD camera

To control the steady-state operation of Tokamak plasma, it is crucial to accurately obtain its shape and position. This paper presents a method for use in rapidly detecting plasma configuration during discharge of the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak device. First, a visible/infrared integrated endoscopy diagnostic system with a large field of view is introduced,and the PCO.edge5.5 camera in this system is used to acquire a plasma discharge image. Based on the analysis of various traditional edge detection algorithms, an improved wavelet edge detection algorithm is then introduced to identify the edge of the plasma. In this method, the local maximum of the modulus of wavelet transform is searched along four gradient directions, and the adaptive threshold is adopted. Finally, the detected boundary is fitted using the least square iterative method to accurately obtain the position of the plasma. Experimental results obtained using the EAST device show that the method presented in this paper can realize expected goals and produce ideal effects;this method thus has significant potential for application in further feedback control of plasma.

Preliminary Study of CAS-LIBB Single-Particle MicrobeamⅡEndstation:Ⅱ.Considerations for Choosing the Right CCD Camera

The proposed multi-dimensional quantitative fluorescence microscopy for the CASLIBB single-particle microbeam II endstation is a CCD-based imaging system. We systematically analyse the theoretical and the practical considerations pertinent to choosing the right CCD camera and unveiling the principles underlying multifarious parameters. Therefore, this analysis can be a valuable tool in scrutinizing each parameter and clarifying proper usage of a scientific CCD camera.

New LED light source system with uniform illumination for line-scan CCD imaging systems

A system with uniform light reflection in the inner surface within a horizontal 2/3 cylindrical structure for line-scan CCD of the print testing was designed. The design was based on diffuse reflection uniformity of the integrating sphere and requirement of the strip uniform illumination region. This system was called dome light. White light LED array light sources were used for uniform illumi- nation. The LEDs were filtrated to composite array light source based on coefficient of variation of a single LED. The standard white board and SG color checkers were used in the line-scan CCD imaging experiments under the dome light and ordinary illumination light source. The average color difference （AE） of SG color checkers in CIELAB space was 2. 091 under the dome light and 2. 286 under ordinary illumination light source respectively. Experimental results indicate that the dome light can satisfy illumination uniformity and color rendering consistency for line-scan CCD and provide a standard light source for uniform calibration of different cameras.

Application of CCD Cameras to Investigations of Mixing on Boundaries of a Thermal Plasma Jet

Mixing of a thermal plasma jet with the surrounding atmosphere was studied using two CCD cameras （PCO SensiCam） situated detecting simultaneously the radiation of argon and nitrogen. The evaluation of image differences between two records showed that the location of regions on plasma jet boundaries characterised by stronger nitrogen radiation changes with the plasma flow rate. Close-to-laminar flow results in a small mixing rate and consequently low nitrogen optical emission on plasma jet boundaries. The increase of the flow rate leads to the formation of a relatively thick and stable layer on the boundaries characterised by strong nitrogen radiation. Further enhancement of the flow rate results in the formation of unstable regions of excited nitrogen molecules moving along the jet.

Multi-digital Still Cameras with CCD

Digital still camera is a completely typical tool for capturing the digital images. With the development of IC technology and optimization-algorithm, the performance of digital still cameras(DSCs) will be more and more powerful in the world. But can we obtain the more and better info using the combined information from the multi-digital still camera? The answer is yes by some experiments. By using multi-DSC at different angles, the various 3-D informations of the object are obtained.

Photographing of a Multi-Pellet Ablation Process in HL-1M Tokamak with CCD Camera

The 2D CCD camera has been used to take photos during hydrogen multi-pellet injection in HL-1M tokamak. The hydrogen multi-pellet (2 × 1.0 mm, 3× 1.2 mm, 3×1.2 ~ 1.3 mm) is horizontally injected into plasma. The observation is performed above the injection path at a sight angle 13.4°，As the shape of cloud ablation varies so quickly, the key points of the experiment have to be the high temporal resolution of CCD and the determination of pellet radial location in plasma. A series of improvements have been made with the experiment setup, including camera parameter, control (NA, ROI) and trigger mode, so as to satisfy the experiment requirements. Thus very nice photos along with the satisfying experimental results are obtained such as: (1) single exposure time reduced to 100 us (2) multi-frame in one discharge (FPS≥ 40) (3)multi-exposure for one pellet so that further observation of the temporal process of pellet ablation may be possible. Through the data analysis on the spatial distibution of pellet ablation clouds in photos taken, the pellet dimensions, trajectory of the cloud and pellet velocity are obtained, and the physical mechanism of pellet-plasma interactions also analyzed. In particular, it is possible to provide an effective means for measuring q-profile of HL-1M plasma.

微小卫星高分辨率相机CCD焦面组件热控制

为了保证微小卫星高分辨率遥感器相机的成像品质,需控制焦面组件的温度水平及温度稳定性,特别是焦面CCD光学探测器件的温度控制。首先提出以相变储能与超低刚度柔性导热索相结合的焦面组件精密热控方法,对相变储能装置与石墨柔性导热索的设计及参数选取进行详细介绍;然后,建立焦面组件的热仿真模型并进行温度计算;最后,在真空环境下进行了热试验。计算与试验结果表明,焦面CCD器件长期温度为15~18.5℃,工作温升速率为0.33℃/min,具有良好的温度水平与温度稳定性;热控补偿功率≤4.8 W,约为焦面组件发热功率的1/10,可节省卫星能源消耗,验证了焦面组件热控制方法的正确性。

基于PXIE总线的高速CCD数字图像采集系统设计

为实现高速电容耦合器件(CCD)数字图像采集传输,提出一种基于PXIE总线和Camera Link协议的高速图像采集系统设计方案。设计了Camera Link硬件接口电路,实现了视频数据信号的接口设计、控制信号的接口设计、串行通信信号接口设计;同时采用Xilinx公司的Virtex-5 LX50T型FPGA作为PXIE传输控制器,并对IP核进行了开发,减少了外围电路设计难度。创新性地运用直接内存访问的工作方式对PXIE传输速度进行优化。实验结果表明,PXIE配置为8通道时,读取数据速率达到1 504 MB/s,写入速率达到了1 490 MB/s,可以满足高速CCD数据的传输要求。

大面阵彩色CCD航测相机的辐射定标

以大面阵彩色CCD航测相机为研究对象,分析其成像过程,提出了影响相机辐射响应特性的各个因素,并以此为基础,建立了辐射响应特性模型。分别在暗场和使用积分球的条件下进行了辐射响应标定实验,通过组合更改输入辐亮度、曝光时间和CCD增益等因素对相机的辐射响应特性进行测量和分析。结果表明,相机R、G、B颜色通道随输入辐亮度变化的辐射响应特性并不相同,但在工作谱段范围内均呈线性变化趋势。采用最小二乘法对辐射标定数据进行拟合,一次多项式拟合结果的决定系数R2值均可达到0.999以上。当输入辐亮度不变时,相机输出图像灰度值随曝光时间或CCD增益的变化呈线性变化趋势,从而为其它工作条件下辐射响应特性曲线的推演奠定了理论基础。将相机辐射响应标定结果应用于相机调光功能,成像结果表明,获得的图像亮度适中,图像平均灰度值满足调光要求。

1.06μm激光对CCD、CMOS相机饱和干扰效果对比研究

为了对比激光对CCD、CMOS两种图像传感器的干扰效果,利用1.06 μm高重频激光开展了对CCD、CMOS两种相机的饱和干扰实验研究,分析了两种相机在干扰有效面积、饱和干扰面积、干扰前后图像相关度等与激光入射功率之间的关系.实验结果表明：CMOS相机达到单元像素饱和的激光功率阈值是CCD相机的20倍;要达到相同的干扰有效面积,所需的激光功率CMOS相机要大于CCD相机10倍～100倍;要达到相同的饱和像元数,所需的激光功率CMOS相机比CCD相机约大10倍～60倍.因此,CMOS相机要比CCD相机具有更好的抗1.06 μm激光干扰能力.

星载多光谱CCD相机研究

研制的星载多光谱 CCD相机采用线阵 CCD推扫方式成像 ,具有蓝、绿、红、近红外、全色五个成像谱段 ,在轨工作时地面像元分辨率为 2 0米 ,覆盖宽度 113公里。相机光学系统采用单镜头焦面分色结构实现多光谱成像 ,每个谱段的探测器阵列由 3片 2 0 4 8元 CCD光学拼接而成 ,以实现地面宽覆盖成像。多片 CCD信号采用串行读出方式 ,使焦面 15片 CCD形成两路视频信号输出给数据传输系统。测试结果显示 ,相机各谱段 MTF典型值为 0 .2 5 ,满足使用要求。

环境一号卫星CCD相机应用于陆地气溶胶的监测

环境一号卫星CCD相机应用在陆地气溶胶的监测中,因缺少短波红外通道,使地表反射的去除变得异常困难.应用改进的暗目标法,利用辐射传输方程(6S)构建查找表,对CCD相机数据进行图像重采样和辐射定标处理,进而对查找表进行插值,获得气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)分布.通过AERONET地基数据的验证及与MODIS气溶胶产品的对比表明,环境一号卫星CCD相机对陆地气溶胶的监测结果在AOD较大(>0.2)时,精度与MODIS相近;在AOD较小(<0.2)时,结果欠理想.

电子倍增CCD星相机的设计

针对导航领域对星相机的性能要求,通过在星相机中应用新型的电子倍增CCD(EMCCD),设计一种探测能力强、数据更新快的成像系统。说明了EMCCD工作原理,分析了EMCCD信噪比,介绍了基于TC285电子倍增CCD的星相机的设计方案,给出了CCD驱动电路、视频信号处理电路以及时序控制器的设计。用模拟拍星实验和实际拍星实验验证了所设计的相机的性能,同时对相机的应用进行了初步分析。通过分析实验图像的信噪比说明了设计的星相机具备在积分时间8ms以内探测6等星的能力,且其图像数据更新频率可达10frame/s,满足用短积分时间进行快速星光成像的要求。

CCD图像灰度与照度的转换标定方法

本文提出了一种基于CCD摄像机利用图像灰度获得实际照度的新方法,该方法适用于摄像机的任意曝光和增益参数,且考虑了摄像机安装位置和角度对测量的影响。CCD摄像机照度测量法的实际应用主要涉及两个过程:一是标定过程,即应用CCD摄像机进行照度测量前,标定CCD图像灰度与照度之间的转换参数和转换模型;二是照度测量过程,即通过CCD摄像机拍摄图像,将图像灰度代入已定的转换模型,获得测量对象的照度值。其中,灰度与照度转换模型的标定是利用CCD摄像机实现照度测量的基础和关键,文中主要讨论了该模型的推导过程以及标定方法。具体为:首先通过理论推导获得图像灰度与CCD传感器感应的相对辐照度的关系,然后借助以均匀光源搭建的实验系统标定CCD传感器相对辐照度与物面实际照度之间的关系,进而获得图像灰度与物面实际照度的转换关系。在转换过程中讨论了曝光时间、增益以及CCD相机与照度测量点之间的距离和角度对转换模型的影响,为CCD摄像机照度测量法的实际应用奠定了基础。实验结果表明本测量及标定方法适用于摄像机任意曝光和增益条件,经过本方法标定后,应用CCD摄像机进行照度测量,测量结果的相对误差在4.5%以内。