A Novel Beam Design Method for mm Wave Multi-Antenna Arrays with Mutual Coupling Reduction

To overcome the mutual coupling (MC) of multiple antennas in millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems, a novel beam design method with low complexity is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an equivalent channel model incorporating the effect of MC is analyzed and established, and then an optimal precoding / combiner vector for beamforming is derived. On this basis, by using greedy geometric (GG) algorithm, a novel hybrid beam design method is proposed. Finally, the performance of proposed method is analyzed and compared with other traditional ones. The simulation results show that the proposed method has better suppression of the MC effect as well as lower complexity.

DIRECTION-OF-ARRIVAL ESTIMATION IN THE PRESENCE OF MUTUAL COUPLING BASED ON JOINT SPARSE RECOVERY

A novel Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) estimation method is proposed in the presence of mutual coupling using the joint sparse recovery. In the proposed method, the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of covariance matrix of array measurement is viewed as the signal to be represented. By exploiting the geometrical property in steering vectors and the symmetric Toeplitz structure of Mutual Coupling Matrix (MCM), the redundant dictionaries containing the DOA information are constructed. Consequently, the optimization model based on joint sparse recovery is built and then is solved through Second Order Cone Program (SOCP) and Interior Point Method (IPM). The DOA estimates are gotten according to the positions of nonzeros elements. At last, computer simulations demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed method.

On the improvement of the mutual coupling compensation in DOA estimation

A new and exact calculation method for the mutual impedance matrix of receiving arrays is proposed. The mutual impedance matrix is derived from electromagnetic boundary conditions and can be used to relate the coupling free open-circuit voltages, instead of the conventional ones, to the measured voltages. A remarkable improvement on compensation for the coupling effects is shown in the direction finding applications, while a simple relationship between measured terminal voltages and the coupling free voltages is remained.

Estimation of Mutual Coupling Coefficient of the Array by Simulated Annealing Algorithm

We propose a method for estimating the mutual coupling coefficient among antennas in this paper which is based on the principle of signal subspace and the simulated annealing （SA） algorithm. The computer simulation has been conducted to illustrate the＇ excellent performance of this method and to demonstrate that it is statistically efficient. The benefit of this new method is that calibration signals and unknown signals can be received simultaneously, during the course of calibration.

Antenna Performance Improvement in Elliptical Array Using RMI Method of Mutual Coupling Compensation

The number of wireless electronic gadgets used in mobile communication, vehicle collision avoidance system, compact radars, etc. is extremely increasing at a rapid rate. Thus, the characteristics of the antennas involved in these gadgets are to be designed very stringently so as to avoid interferences & coupling and to improve compatibility, susceptibility, etc. Compact smart antenna with improved performance is highly essential to meet this challenging scenario. Mutual coupling between various elements of an array is one of the main factors which can be considered for improvement of performance of the antenna. Influence of mutual coupling on performance of the antenna is considered in this paper and various techniques to minimize this effect are presented. Effect of mutual coupling on radiation characteristics of the antenna can be compensated employing various methods like Conventional Mutual Impedance (CMI), Receiving Mutual Impedance (RMI). Analysis is presented as comparison between the two methods for different number of elements in the array. Analysis is also presented for different geometries of the array like circular and elliptical for improved performance. The results show performance improvement in the proposed array for parameters like SNR and Speed of convergence.

Linear Precoder Design for Correlated Rician Fading Channel Under Imperfect CSI

In this paper,we have modeled a linear precoder for indoor multiuser multiple input multiple output(MU-MIMO)system with imperfect channel state information(CSI)at transmitter.The Rician channel is presumed to be mutually coupled and spatially,temporarily correlated.The imperfection with CSI is primarily due to the channel estimation error at receiver and feedback delay amidst the receiver and transmitter in CSI transmission.Along with,the insufficient spacing between the antenna at transmitter and receiver persuades mutual coupling(MC)among the array elements.In addition,the MIMO channel is presumed to be jointly correlated(Weichselberger correlation model).When we look back on the existing precoder design,it considered spatial correlation alone disregarding joint correlation of antenna array elements.With all above assumption,we have designed a linear precoder which minimizes mean squared error(MSE)subjected to total transmit power constraint for MUMIMO system.The simulation results proven that proposed precoder shows substantial enhancement in bit error rate(BER)performance in comparison with the existing technique.The mathematical analysis corroborates the simulation results.

Electromagnetic coupling reduction in dual-band microstrip antenna array using ultra-compact single-negative electric metamaterials for MIMO application

In this paper, an ultra-compact single negative（SNG） electric waveguided metamaterial（WG-MTM） is first investigated and used to reduce the mutual coupling in E ＆ H planes of a dual-band microstrip antenna array. The proposed SNG electric WG-MTM unit cell is designed by etching two different symmetrical spiral lines on the ground, and has two stopbands operating at 1.86 GHz and 2.40 GHz. The circuit size is very compact, which is only λ_0/33.6 ×λ_0/15.1（where λ_0 is the wavelength at 1.86 GHz in free space）. Taking advantage of the dual-stopband property of the proposed SNG electric WG-MTM, a dual-band microstrip antenna array operating at 1.86 GHz and 2.40 GHz with very low mutual coupling is designed by embedding a cross shaped array of the proposed SNG electric WG-MTM. The measured and simulated results of the designed dual-band antenna array are in good agreement with each other, indicating that the mutual coupling of the fabricated dual-band antenna array realizes 9.8/11.1 d B reductions in the H plane, 8.5/7.9 d B reductions in the E plane at1.86 GHz and 2.40 GHz, respectively. Besides, the distance of the antenna elements in the array is only 0.35 λ_0（where λ_0 is the wavelength at 1.86 GHz in free space）. The proposed strategy is used for the first time to reduce the mutual coupling in E ＆ H planes of the dual-band microstrip antenna array by using ultra-compact SNG electric WG-MTM.

紧凑空间下大规模数字相控阵混合ADC接收机性能分析

针对紧凑空间互耦效应影响下的大规模数字相控阵混合ADC接收机性能评估问题,提出一种混合ADC接收机性能分析方法。首先,通过联合考虑三维信道模型、互耦效应模型和ADC量化噪声模型,对互耦效应影响下的传播信道进行建模;然后,采用线性最大比合并接收机,基于随机矩阵理论,推导给定天线阵列拓扑结构下系统可达速率的闭式表达式;最后,分别对均匀线性阵列、均匀平面阵列在不同混合ADC配置方案下的可达速率进行理论计算和数值仿真。计算与仿真结果均表明优化混合ADC配置方案可以有效提升系统可达速率,该结论可以为紧凑空间下高可达速率的混合ADC接收机设计提供理论支撑。

用于24GHz毫米波车载雷达线性串联馈电贴片天线阵列互耦抑制的解耦结构设计

天线结构是毫米波雷达的核心部件之一,其天线性能决定着雷达的探测能力。针对24 GHz车载毫米波雷达的线性串联馈电贴片阵列(LSFPA)天线阵元间存在互耦的问题,提出了一种基于缺陷地和倒T形寄生元件的新型解耦结构。该解耦结构在线性串联馈电贴片阵列天线的两个最大的贴片下蚀刻两个尺寸相同的圆形缺陷地结构以调整阻抗匹配,在两个最近的和两个次近的贴片间插入尺寸不同的倒T(T1和T2)形寄生元件以减少贴片间的耦合。仿真和测试结果表明,提出的有解耦结构的串联馈电贴片阵列天线,在中心频率24.5 GHz处互耦减少了36 dB,与无解耦结构的线性串联馈电贴片阵列天线相比,设计的解耦结构有效地减少了天线阵元间的耦合。

基于特征模理论的机载微带有源二元阵列天线降耦技术

针对机载微带有源阵列天线单元间的互耦问题,提出了一种基于特征模理论的降耦方法。首先,通过分析天线单元被激励起的特征模式,筛选出工作模式和非工作模式;然后,根据阵列的结构、非工作模式的模式权重系数和特征远场方向图,分析出频带内对互耦贡献大的非工作模式;最后,通过抑制这些模式实现互耦降低,同时减少对工作模式的影响以保证天线性能。设计了频带为2.19 GHz~2.32 GHz的微带天线单元,通过对贴片修形、设置金属柱等措施抑制频带内对互耦贡献大的非工作模式。将改进前后的单元组成微带二元阵进行仿真,结果表明:改进后的二元阵,在整个频带内的S 21降低了3 dB以上、增益损失可接受、交叉极化得到改善。该方法为机载大型微带有源阵列天线的有效降耦提供了一条新思路。

基于数据驱动的高精度阵列测向方法

针对现有测向系统多信号适应能力弱、测向精度低的问题,提出一种基于数据驱动的高精度阵列测向新方法。该方法提取单信号入射时的输入特征向量,基于卷积神经网络构建单信号测向网络框架。利用信号的独立性,将多信号测向问题转化为单信号测向问题,在单信号训练网络的基础上实现多信号来波方向估计。仿真实验与理论分析结果表明,该方法有效减少了输入特征维数和网络训练样本数目,在多信号同时入射及阵列互耦效应条件下均获得了高精度的到达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计的测向结果。

中远程一体化车载雷达线阵天线的设计

该文提出了一种新型的宽带近接耦合毫米波微带阵列天线,并将其作为77~81 GHz中远程汽车雷达的专用天线。该天线阵列由微带线及一系列矩形和多边形辐射单元组成。辐射单元在微带线两侧呈周期性分布,间隔约为引导波长的1/2。为增强激励耦合引入了矩形和多边形辐射单元,在拓宽阻抗带宽的同时,抑制了带外频率。不同辐射单元和矩形反射槽相匹配,达到波束赋形的效果,实现了平肩膀辐射方向图。通过调整辐射单元与微带线的间隔,控制辐射单元的归一化电阻。在工作频率为77~81 GHz时,阵列天线的增益超过14 dBi,阻抗带宽达到7.47%(76.5~82.4 GHz)。对实物样本进行加工及性能检测,测试表明,仿真与实测数据基本一致。

Joint calibration algorithm for gain-phase and mutual coupling errors in uniform linear array

The effect of gain-phase perturbations and mutual coupling significantly degrades the performance of digital array radar (DAR). This paper investigates array calibration problems in the scenario where the true locations of auxiliary sources deviate from nominal values but the angle intervals are known. A practical algorithm is proposed to jointly calibrate gain-phase errors and mutual coupling errors. Firstly, a simplified model of the distortion matrix is developed based on its special structure in uniform linear array (ULA). Then the model is employed to derive the precise locations of the auxiliary sources by one-dimension search. Finally, the least-squares estimation of the distortion matrix is obtained. The algorithm has the potential of achieving considerable improvement in calibration accuracy due to the reduction of unknown parameters. In addition, the algorithm is feasible for practical applications, since it requires only one auxiliary source with the help of rotation platforms. Simulation results demonstrate the validity, robustness and high performance of the proposed algorithm. Experiments were carried out using an S-band DAR test-bed. The results of measured data show that the proposed algorithm is practical and effective in application. (C) 2016 Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

THE LIMITATION OF MUTUAL IMPEDANCE PRECISION TO THE SIDELOBE LEVEL OF ARRAY ANTENNA

Accurate mutual coupling correction is necessary for an array antenna to reach ultra-low sidelobe level.If the mutual impedance or mutual coupling coefficient matrix of an array isperfectly known,theoretically,one can compensate the effects of mutual coupling completelyand realize the desired low sidelobe level.However,the mutual impedance matrix obtainedwhether by calculation or by measurement has limited precision,which limits the effectiveness ofcompensation.This paper deals with the requirements on the precision of mutual impedance forcompensation in ultra-low sidelobe array antennas.The relationship between mutual impedanceerrors and the amplitude and phase errors of an array is derived,by which the relationship betweenthe mutual impedance errors and the sidelobe level is obtained.

带有扼流槽结构的共形波导缝隙阵列天线研究

设计了一款与圆柱面共形的宽边纵缝波导缝隙阵列天线,波导间采用扼流槽结构设计,抑制了表面波的影响、提高了天线增益。仿真结果表明:优化后的扼流槽结构可使共形阵列天线中间波导的互耦系数减小4.4 dB,两侧波导间的互耦系数减小3.6 dB;扼流槽结构参与了阵列天线微波辐射,提高了阵列天线的方向性;阵列天线的增益达23.3 dB,口径辐射效率达67.5%。实验结果表明,共形波导缝隙阵列天线实测增益达22.1 dB(含功分网络损耗1.1 dB),实测天线口径辐射效率达66.0%,功率容量达1.1 GW。实验结果与仿真结果基本吻合。

相控阵天线的耦合激励系数及盲点研究

为了深入探讨相控阵天线单元间的相互耦合,以阵列天线单元S参数为基础,分别分析了振子形式辐射单元和缝隙形式辐射单元组成阵列的辐射单元之间的耦合关系,并利用天线单元的耦合激励系数分析计算了阵中单元的有源辐射方向图。对阵列中每个单元的耦合激励系数的幅度和相位进行了分析,发现平行排列单元和轴向排列单元的耦合激励系数的相位存在差异,平行排列时激励单元与相邻单元间的相位相差较小,这种差异是阵列产生盲点的主要因素。

基于77GHz毫米波雷达接收天线的周期性条形阵列解耦结构优化方法

阵列天线是77 GHz毫米波雷达的核心硬件之一,其天线性能决定着雷达的探测能力。由于工作频率的升高以及毫米波雷达小型化、集成化的发展趋势,使得雷达阵列天线阵元间距过密,从而相互干扰出现强互耦效应,严重恶化雷达阵列天线的性能。为了解决上述问题,本文提出了一种基于77 GHz毫米波雷达接收天线的周期性条形阵列解耦结构优化方法。该方法通过优化周期性条形阵列解耦结构单元的条形厚度和间距,在保证阵列天线辐射性能的基础上,来抑制毫米波雷达接收天线阵元间的互耦并提高其阵元间的隔离度。仿真结果表明,相比于无解耦结构的阵列天线,提出的解耦结构能够有效地降低毫米波雷达接收天线间的耦合,尤其在中心频率77.75 GHz处互耦减少了13.29 dB。在施加周期性条形阵列解耦结构前后,阵列天线均在77.5 GHz~78.5 GHz指定频段内正常工作,且合成辐射方向图的最大增益几乎保持不变,从而保证了毫米波雷达阵列天线的辐射性能。典型的数值算例能够很好地验证所提方法的有效性。

线阵CCD辅助探测天幕阵列弹丸位置解析模型

针对典型光电测试系统存在的探测光幕结构复杂,测量精度较低,靶场布设困难的问题,提出了基于探测天幕和线阵电荷耦合器件(CCD)结合测量弹丸位置的方法;根据弹丸穿过探测天幕阵列和线阵CCD的时间和图像信息,结合探测天幕阵列和线阵CCD的空间几何关系,建立了弹丸位置的计算模型;按照误差传递理论,建立弹丸位置参数的全微分误差模型,仿真分析得到弹丸位置参数的误差分布在3.5 mm之内;通过弹丸位置测试试验,与纸板靶法测量弹丸坐标进行对比,误差均小于5 mm,验证了提出的测量系统的准确性和可行性。

基于多项式流形内插的无线测向系统

针对应用阵列天线的测向设备中存在的阵元互耦导致波达方向(DOA)估计性能恶化问题,提出基于多项式流形内插算法的抗互耦无线测向系统设计。该系统基于多项式流形内插DOA估计算法,在有效对抗互耦效应的同时可实现小流形样本下高精度测向处理。算法的DOA估计求解中可由多精度区间逐次逼近搜索的处理方法获得解析式,避免方向角度域的遍历搜索处理。在算法理论分析与仿真验证的基础上,基于嵌入式处理器实现无线测向系统原型设计并进行测试。测试结果表明,所提系统设计可有效对抗测向阵列天线的互耦效应,实现对LTE下行信号的实时可靠测向。

互耦条件下涡旋电磁波目标方位探测方法

采用均匀圆阵产生涡旋电磁波时,天线阵元的辐射方向图受到邻近阵元互耦的影响,发射信号幅度和相位会发生改变,进而影响目标方位探测性能。针对此问题,利用均匀圆阵互耦矩阵的循环对称性,通过傅里叶变换将互耦矩阵展开为模式域,描述阵元激励与轨道角动量模式数之间的关系,并提出一种基于轨道角动量的改进传播算子解耦合方位估计算法。与传统算法相比,该算法避免了谱峰搜索和大特征值分解;同时,利用涡旋电磁波原始导向矢量对回波信号进行处理,规避了贝塞尔函数近似带来的误差。仿真结果表明:模式域互耦矩阵有效补偿了互耦效应的影响;所提算法较传统传播算子算法相比估计精度更高,同时计算复杂度更低。