Cooling rate is a key factor that can drastically affect the phase transformation and thermal stress of duplex stainless steels. Therefore, in this research, different sand moulds were used to explore the influence of...Cooling rate is a key factor that can drastically affect the phase transformation and thermal stress of duplex stainless steels. Therefore, in this research, different sand moulds were used to explore the influence of cooling rate on the solidification of the 2304 duplex stainless steel (DSS). The macro and micro structures of the 2304 DSS were investigated. Small equiaxed grains are obtained in chromite sand mould sample with a lower pouring temperature and a higher cooling rate, whereas coarse columnar and equiaxed grains are found in silica sand and refractory powder mould samples. The size of austenite phase is significantly increased with decreasing cooling rate, while the ferrite phase content ranging from 51.6% to 53.9% does not change obviously. In addition, the linear contraction of the 2304 DSS decreases from 2.34% to 1.09% when the mean cooling rate above 1,173 K increases from 0.99 K·s-1 to 3.66 K·s-1.展开更多
核磁共振(NMR)显微镜是在高分辨率的核磁共振波谱仪的磁头外部施加一线性梯度场(line-ar magnetic field gradient G),由于磁场梯度G是空间座标的线性函数,因此垂直于G方向的每一层面都有各自的磁场强度。当被观察样品处于这种环境中,...核磁共振(NMR)显微镜是在高分辨率的核磁共振波谱仪的磁头外部施加一线性梯度场(line-ar magnetic field gradient G),由于磁场梯度G是空间座标的线性函数,因此垂直于G方向的每一层面都有各自的磁场强度。当被观察样品处于这种环境中,如同时又受到射频场的作用,根据Larmor公式ω=γB,则沿G方向的每一垂直层面都有相对应的共振频率。由于核磁共振信号的强度与这一层面的样品中参与共振的元素(如氢核)的数目成正比,因此通过连续波扫频法可以确定样品中沿G方向的质子分布,得到质子密度的一维投影,改变G的方向(或改变样品的方位)。展开更多
We study the optimal precoding for a full-duplex (FD) system, where one FD multi-antenna base station (BS) respectively transmits to and receives from two half-duplex single-antenna mobile users (MUs) on the same time...We study the optimal precoding for a full-duplex (FD) system, where one FD multi-antenna base station (BS) respectively transmits to and receives from two half-duplex single-antenna mobile users (MUs) on the same time slot and frequency band. At the FD BS, the received signal from the desired MU is severely affected by the extremely strong self-interference (SI) from its transmit antennas to the receive antennas. In the presence of residual SI after imperfect SI cancellation, the downlink transmission rate maximization problem subject to a targeted uplink rate is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem to characterize the achievable rate region for the considered system. Considering the case in which the SI channel is strongly correlated, the above problem is transformed into a convex problem by exploiting the rank-one property of the SI channel, which can be solved efficiently. Finally, numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50904044)
文摘Cooling rate is a key factor that can drastically affect the phase transformation and thermal stress of duplex stainless steels. Therefore, in this research, different sand moulds were used to explore the influence of cooling rate on the solidification of the 2304 duplex stainless steel (DSS). The macro and micro structures of the 2304 DSS were investigated. Small equiaxed grains are obtained in chromite sand mould sample with a lower pouring temperature and a higher cooling rate, whereas coarse columnar and equiaxed grains are found in silica sand and refractory powder mould samples. The size of austenite phase is significantly increased with decreasing cooling rate, while the ferrite phase content ranging from 51.6% to 53.9% does not change obviously. In addition, the linear contraction of the 2304 DSS decreases from 2.34% to 1.09% when the mean cooling rate above 1,173 K increases from 0.99 K·s-1 to 3.66 K·s-1.
文摘核磁共振(NMR)显微镜是在高分辨率的核磁共振波谱仪的磁头外部施加一线性梯度场(line-ar magnetic field gradient G),由于磁场梯度G是空间座标的线性函数,因此垂直于G方向的每一层面都有各自的磁场强度。当被观察样品处于这种环境中,如同时又受到射频场的作用,根据Larmor公式ω=γB,则沿G方向的每一垂直层面都有相对应的共振频率。由于核磁共振信号的强度与这一层面的样品中参与共振的元素(如氢核)的数目成正比,因此通过连续波扫频法可以确定样品中沿G方向的质子分布,得到质子密度的一维投影,改变G的方向(或改变样品的方位)。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61401030 and 61501093)
文摘We study the optimal precoding for a full-duplex (FD) system, where one FD multi-antenna base station (BS) respectively transmits to and receives from two half-duplex single-antenna mobile users (MUs) on the same time slot and frequency band. At the FD BS, the received signal from the desired MU is severely affected by the extremely strong self-interference (SI) from its transmit antennas to the receive antennas. In the presence of residual SI after imperfect SI cancellation, the downlink transmission rate maximization problem subject to a targeted uplink rate is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem to characterize the achievable rate region for the considered system. Considering the case in which the SI channel is strongly correlated, the above problem is transformed into a convex problem by exploiting the rank-one property of the SI channel, which can be solved efficiently. Finally, numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
