Influence of Tilted Angle on Effective Linear Energy Transfer in Single Event Effect Tests for Integrated Circuits at 130 nm Technology Node

A heavy-ion irradiation experiment is studied in digital storage cells with different design approaches in 130？nm CMOS bulk Si and silicon-on-insulator （SOI） technologies. The effectiveness of linear energy transfer （LET） with a tilted ion beam at the 130？nm technology node is obtained. Tests of tilted angles θ=0 ° , 30 ° and 60 ° with respect to the normal direction are performed under heavy-ion Kr with certain power whose LET is about 40？MeVcm 2 /mg at normal incidence. Error numbers in D flip-flop chains are used to determine their upset sensitivity at different incidence angles. It is indicated that the effective LETs for SOI and bulk Si are not exactly in inverse proportion to cosθ , furthermore the effective LET for SOI is more closely in inverse proportion to cosθ compared to bulk Si, which are also the well known behavior. It is interesting that, if we design the sample in the dual interlocked storage cell approach, the effective LET in bulk Si will look like inversely proportional to cosθ very well, which is also specifically explained.

C^1 natural element method for strain gradient linear elasticity and its application to microstructures

C^1 natural element method （C^1 NEM） is applied to strain gradient linear elasticity, and size effects on mi crostructures are analyzed. The shape functions in C^1 NEM are built upon the natural neighbor interpolation （NNI）, with interpolation realized to nodal function and nodal gradient values, so that the essential boundary conditions （EBCs） can be imposed directly in a Galerkin scheme for partial differential equations （PDEs）. In the present paper, C^1 NEM for strain gradient linear elasticity is constructed, and sev- eral typical examples which have analytical solutions are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the constructed method. In its application to microstructures, the size effects of bending stiffness and stress concentration factor （SCF） are studied for microspeciem and microgripper, respectively. It is observed that the size effects become rather strong when the width of spring for microgripper, the radius of circular perforation and the long axis of elliptical perforation for microspeciem come close to the material characteristic length scales. For the U-shaped notch, the size effects decline obviously with increasing notch radius, and decline mildly with increasing length of notch.

Application of Piezoelectric Materials in a Novel Linear Ultrasonic Motor based on Shear-induced Vibration Mode

A novel linear ultrasonic motor based on d15 effect of piezoelectric materials was presented. The design idea aimed at the direct utilization of the shear-induced vibration modes of piezoelectric material. Firstly, the inherent electromechanical coupling mechanism of piezoelectric material was investigated, and shear vibration modes of a piezoelectric shear block was specially designed. A driving point’s elliptical trajectory induced by shear vibration modes was discussed. Then a dynamic model for the piezoelectric shear stator was established with finite element（FE） method to conduct the parametric optimal design. Finally, a prototype based on d15 converse piezoelectric effect is manufactured, and the modal experiment of piezoelectric stator was conducted with laser doppler vibrometer. The experimental results show that the calculated shear-induced vibration modes can be excited completely, and the new linear ultrasonic motor reaches a speed 118 mm/s at noload, and maximal thrust 12.8 N.

Application of Auto-regressive Linear Model in Understanding the Effect of Climate on Malaria Vectors Dynamics in the Three Gorges Reservoir

It is important to understand the dynamics of malaria vectors in implementing malaria control strategies. Six villages were selected from different sections in the Three Gorges Reservoir fc,r exploring the relationship between the climatic ｜：actors and its malaria vector density from 1997 to 2007 using the auto-regressive linear model regressi^n method. The result indicated that both temperature and precipitation were better modeled as quadratic rather than linearly related to the density of Anopheles sinensis.

Detection of Alzheimer’s disease onset using MRI and PET neuroimaging:longitudinal data analysis and machine learning

The scientists are dedicated to studying the detection of Alzheimer’s disease onset to find a cure, or at the very least, medication that can slow the progression of the disease. This article explores the effectiveness of longitudinal data analysis, artificial intelligence, and machine learning approaches based on magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography neuroimaging modalities for progression estimation and the detection of Alzheimer’s disease onset. The significance of feature extraction in highly complex neuroimaging data, identification of vulnerable brain regions, and the determination of the threshold values for plaques, tangles, and neurodegeneration of these regions will extensively be evaluated. Developing automated methods to improve the aforementioned research areas would enable specialists to determine the progression of the disease and find the link between the biomarkers and more accurate detection of Alzheimer’s disease onset.

Relativistic Corrections to the Maxwellian Distribution for Astrophysical and Fusion Plasmas

We present calculations and improvement inspired by the work of Lorenzo Zaninetti, published in 2020, it concerns a problem whose origin dates back 1911 with so called Maxwell-Jüttner distribution these lies on the Lorentz factor , with . This work uses powerful modern software for a reconstruction of Zaninetti work, which computes with special functions, these are included in the Mathematica software, as by instance Bessel and Meijer G-functions ready to manipulate. A progress is made, it is possible to perform an integral that is not computed in Zaninetti paper. This author connects the correct relativistic probability law: the Maxwell-Jüttner to the synchrotron emissivity with a magnetic B field, this work generalize these results, using the linear Stark effect and deals with an electric field E.

Predictors of the Aggregate of COVID-19 Cases and Its Case-Fatality: A Global Investigation Involving 120 Countries

Objective: Since the identification of COVID-19 in December 2019 as a pandemic, over 4500 research papers were published with the term “COVID-19” contained in its title. Many of these reports on the COVID-19 pandemic suggested that the coronavirus was associated with more serious chronic diseases and mortality particularly in patients with chronic diseases regardless of country and age. Therefore, there is a need to understand how common comorbidities and other factors are associated with the risk of death due to COVID-19 infection. Our investigation aims at exploring this relationship. Specifically, our analysis aimed to explore the relationship between the total number of COVID-19 cases and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection accounting for other risk factors. Methods: Due to the presence of over dispersion, the Negative Binomial Regression is used to model the aggregate number of COVID-19 cases. Case-fatality associated with this infection is modeled as an outcome variable using machine learning predictive multivariable regression. The data we used are the COVID-19 cases and associated deaths from the start of the pandemic up to December 02-2020, the day Pfizer was granted approval for their new COVID-19 vaccine. Results: Our analysis found significant regional variation in case fatality. Moreover, the aggregate number of cases had several risk factors including chronic kidney disease, population density and the percentage of gross domestic product spent on healthcare. The Conclusions: There are important regional variations in COVID-19 case fatality. We identified three factors to be significantly correlated with case fatality.

Controlling optical responses through local dielectric resonance in nanometre metallic clusters

Optical responses in dilute composites are controlled through the local dielectric resonance of metallic clusters. We consider two located metallic clusters close to each other with admittances ε1 and ε2. Through varying the difference admittance ratio η[= （ε2 - ε0）/（ε1 - ε0）], we find that their optical responses are determined by the local resonance. There is a blueshift of absorption peaks with the increase of η- Simultaneously, it is known that the absorption peaks will be redshifted by enlarging the cluster size. By adjusting the nano-metallic cluster geometry, size and admittances, we can control the positions and intensities of absorption peaks effectively. We have also deduced the effective linear optical responses of three-component composites εe=ε0 （1＋∑^n n=1[（γn1＋ηγn2）/（ε0（s-sn））]） and the sum rule of cross sections：∑^n n=1（γn1＋ηγn2）=Nh1＋Nh2,, where Nh1and Nh2 are the numbers of εl and ε2 bonds along the electric field, respectively. These results may be beneficial to the study of surface plasmon resonances on a nanometre scale.

A Study on the Reasonable Distribution of Total Funds

How to distribute total sum of funds among different investment priorities？ It is not only a theoretical problem in Management Accounting, but also a realistic problem in the investment decision of an enterprise. In this paper, the author queries the method of ＂use linear programming to find out optimum combination＂, which put forward in management accounting, and gives a convenient and reasonable method---effective gradient method.

Direct measurement of the linear energy transfer of ions in silicon for space application

The single event effect(SEE) is an important consideration in electronic devices used in space environments because it can lead to spacecraft anomalies and failures. The linear energy transfer(LET) of ions is commonly investigated in studies of SEE. The use of a thin detector is an economical way of directly measuring the LET in space. An LET telescope consists of a thin detector as the front detector(D1), along with a back detector that indicates whether D1 was penetrated. The particle radiation effect monitor(PREM) introduced in this paper is designed to categorize the LET into four bins of 0.2–0.4, 0.4–1.0, 1.0–2.0 and 2.0–20 Me V·cm^2/mg, and one integral bin of LET>20 Me V·cm^2/mg. After calibration with heavy ions and Geant4 analysis, the LET boundaries of the first four bins are determined to be 0.236, 0.479, 1.196, 2.254, and 17.551 Me V·cm^2/mg, whereas that of the integral bin is determined to be LET>14.790 Me V·cm^2/mg. The acceptances are calculated by Geant4 analysis as 0.452, 0.451, 0.476, 0.446, and 1.334, respectively. The LET accuracy is shown to depend on the thickness of D1; as D1 is made thinner, the accuracy of the measured values increases.

How to use live sampling tissues and archived specimens in cetacean stable isotope research

Cetaceans are unique ecological engineers,and their restoration may have a crucial impact on the future structure of aquatic ecosystems,which calls for more investigations into their trophic ecology.Among current techniques,stable isotope analysis(SIA)has the advantages of non-invasive sampling and long timescales.However,the full benefits of SIA in cetacean research may not be achieved due to issues like different types of tissue between sampling methods and use of chemical preservation solutions in historical specimens.To address these challenges,we conducted a study on Narrow-ridged Finless Porpoises(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis).Multiple tissues from freshwater and marine subspecies,as well as tissues preserved using different solutions such as ethanol and formalin were collected for SIA.Linear mixed effects models were used for data analysis.Our results showed that,except for blubber,kidney,and stomach,differences between other tissues were correctable.In tissues from live sampling,we found no significant difference between blood and muscle,and skin could also be used for isotope analysis after proper correction.Ethanol preservation caused significant positive changes in δ^(13)C and δ^(15)N values of muscle,while formalin preservation caused negative changes in δ^(13)C and δ^(15)N.Our findings provide valuable insight into unifying data from stranded carcasses and live sampling,as well as correcting for the effect of chemical preservation on museum specimens.Findings from this research support further application of stable isotope analysis in the conservation of endangered finless porpoises,offer a reference for other similar cetaceans,and also provide guidance for chemical preservation when freezing conditions are not available.

Joint Modeling of Failure Time Data with Transformation Model and Longitudinal Data When Covariates are Measured with Errors

Semiparametric transformation models provide a class of flexible models for regression analysis of failure time data. Several authors have discussed them under different situations when covariates are time- independent （Chen et al., 2002; Cheng et al., 1995; Fine et al., 1998）. In this paper, we consider fitting these models to right-censored data when covariates are time-dependent longitudinal variables and, furthermore, may suffer measurement errors. For estimation, we investigate the maximum likelihood approach, and an EM algorithm is developed. Simulation results show that the proposed method is appropriate for practical application, and an illustrative example is provided.

Distributed parametric modeling and simulation of light polarization states using magneto-optical sensing based on the Faraday effect

To solve the problems encountered in practical processes of magneto-optical sensing, the infinitesimal distributed-parameter model and finite-element accumulation of different dielectric properties of micromaterials were used to describe the evolution of light polarization states, instead of the previously commonly used method of lumped-parameter simulation, thus essentially explaining the mechanism of sensing, magneto-optical effects, and related factors, and achieving multiphysics coupling using the COMSOL finite-element analysis method. Considering the cases of the Faraday effect without and with line birefringence, the magneto-optical effect and output characteristics of an infinitesimal magneto-optical sensor were simulated and studied. The results verified the effectiveness of the infinitesimal sensor model. Because the magnetic field, stress, and temperature changes alter the dielectric properties of magneto-optical materials, the finite-element accumulation method lays a good foundation for research on theoretical analysis and performance of magneto-optical sensors affected by factors such as the magnetic field, temperature, and stress.