Electromagnetic Performance Analysis of Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Tubular Machine with Hybrid Cores

The performance of traditional flux switching permanent magnet tubular machine(FSPMTM)are improved by using new material and structure in this paper.The existing silicon steel sheet making for all mover cores or part of stator cores are replaced by soft magnetic composite(SMC)cores,and the lamination direction of the silicon steel sheet in stator cores have be changed.The eddy current loss of the machine with hybrid cores will be reduced greatly as the magnetic flux will not pass through the silicon steel sheet vertically.In order to reduce the influence of end effect,the unequal stator width design method is proposed.With the new design,the symmetry of the permanent magnet flux linkage has been improved greatly and the cogging force caused by the end effect has been reduced.Both 2-D and 3-D finite element methods(FEM)are applied for the quantitative analysis.

Reduction of Cogging Torque in Permanent Magnet Flux-Switching Machines

Permanent magnet flux-switching machine (PMFSM) is a relatively new structure. Available literatures mainly focused on its general design procedure and performance analysis. In this paper, Finite Element Method (FEM) is taken to ana-lyze various design techniques to reduce the cogging torque in a prototype 12/10-pole PMFSM.

Novel Switched Flux Permanent Magnet Machine Topologies

This paper overviews various switched flux permanent magnet machines and their design and performance features,with particular emphasis on machine topologies with reduced magnet usage or without using magnet,as well as with variable flux capability.

Development of a New Flux Switching Transverse Flux Machine with the Ability of Linear Motion

This paper proposes a new rotary flux switching transverse flux machine with the ability of linear motion(FSTFMaLM),in which both the stator and the rotor cores are made by using soft magnetic composite(SMC)materials.With the special design pattern,for the rotary motion model,the proposed machine can combine both the advantages of the flux switching permanent magnet machine(FSPMM)and the transverse flux machine(TFM).It can output with relatively high torque density,and as there is no windings or the magnets on the rotor cores,the proposed machine can operate in the high speed region to improve the output power.With the adoption of the SMC materials,the manufacturing of this machine can be quite easy.By stacking the rotor core together and prolong it with the determined length in the axial direction,in addition with the special control algorithm,the proposed machine can have the ability of the linear motion.In this paper,the operation principle of this machine has been explained and the design methods are also presented.To seek the better performance,the main dimension of the machine is optimized,and for the performance evaluation,the finite element method(FEM)is adopted.The proposed machine can be used for the electric driving systems,robotic systems or other applications where the linear motion ability is required.

Quantitative Comparison of Modular Linear Permanent Magnet Vernier Machines with and without Partitioned Primary

A comparison of two modular linear permanent-magnet vernier(LPMV)machines is presented.A modular LPMV machine with a partitioned primary,which can significantly improve the modulation effect,is proposed.Benefitting from the partition design,the space conflict between the permanent magnet(PM)and the armature magnetic field is relieved.First,the topologies of modular LPMV machines with and without a partitioned primary are presented.Then,the effect of the partitioned primary on the modular LPMV machine is analyzed using flux modulation theory.Moreover,analytical expressions for the trapezoidal permeance are derived.In addition,the harmonic components,back electromotive forces,and thrust forces of the machines with and without the partitioned primary are comparatively analyzed.The results reveal that the thrust force density of the LPMV machine with a partitioned primary is increased by 32.3%.Finally,experiments are performed on a prototype machine for validation.

Optimal Rotor Poles and Structure for Design of Consequent Pole Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machine

Permanent magnet flux switching machines(PMFSM)have attracted significant research interest and are considered as competent candidates when higher torque density is primary requirement.However,conventional PMFSMs uses excessive rare earth PM volumes which ultimately increases machine the machine weight and PM cost.Moreover,the PMs extended at the stator yoke results in stator leakage flux which degrades the performance.To suppress the leakage flux and diminish the PM volume,the consequent pole PMFSM(CPPMFSM)with flux bridges and barriers encompassing partitioned circumferential and radial magnetized PMs is proposed,thereby ensuring an alternate magnetic path for the working harmonics which improves the modulation effect and flux distribution.Moreover,the influence of the rotor pole number on seven different rotor structures namely,curved rotor,trapezoidal rotor,wide rotor tooth tip,wide rotor base width,rectangular segmented and eccentric rotors are investigated based on the electromagnetic performance and stress distribution.Finite element analysis(FEA)reveals that the 12S-13P CPPMFSM with a wider rotor base offers comparatively better electromagnetic performance.Compare to the conventional PMFSM,the proposed CPPMFSM reduces the PM volume which minimizes the overall machine cost and weight,suppresses the torque ripples by 16.49%,diminishes total harmonic distortion(THD)by 35.24%and decreases cogging torque by 32.88%.Furthermore,the torque and power density are enhanced by 7.028%and 7.025%respectively.

Quantitative Comparison of Electromagnetic Performance of Electrical Machines for HEVs/EVs

In this paper,various types of sinusoidal-fed electrical machines,i.e.induction machines(IMs),permanent magnet(PM)machines,synchronous reluctance machines,variable flux machines,wound field machines,are comprehensively reviewed in terms of basic features,merits and demerits,and compared for HEV/EV traction applications.Their latest developments are highlighted while their electromagnetic performance are quantitatively compared based on the same specification as the Prius 2010 interior PM(IPM)machine,including the torque/power-speed characteristics,power factor,efficiency map,and drive cycle based overall efficiency.It is found that PM-assisted synchronous reluctance machines are the most promising alternatives to IPM machines with lower cost and potentially higher overall efficiency.Although IMs are cheaper and have better overload capability,they exhibit lower efficiency and power factor.Other electrical machines,such as synchronous reluctance machines,wound field machines,as well as many other newly developed machines,are currently less attractive due to lower torque density and efficiency.

Development of High Torque and High Power Density Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor for Traction Drive in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper presents design feasibility study and development of a new hybrid excitation flux switching motor (HEFSM) as a contender for traction drives in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Initially, the motor general construction, the basic working principle and the design concept of the proposed HEFSM are outlined. Then, the initial drive performances of the proposed HEFSM are evaluated based on 2D-FEA, in which the design restrictions, specifications and target performances are similar with conventional interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) used in HEV. Since the initial results fail to achieve the target performances, deterministic design optimization approach is used to treat several design parameters. After several cycles of optimization, the proposed motor makes it possible to obtain the target torque and power of 333 Nm and 123 kW, respectively. In addition, due to definite advantage of robust rotor structure of HEFSM, rotor mechanical stress prediction at maximum speed of 12,400 r/min is much lower than the mechanical stress in conventional IPMSM. Finally, the maximum torque and power density of the final design HEFSM are approximately 11.41 Nm/kg and 5.55 kW/kg, respectively, which is 19.98% and 58.12% more than the torque and power density in existing IPMSM for Lexus RX400h.

磁通切换永磁电机多目标优化

以磁通切换永磁电机为研究对象,利用有限元法建立准确可靠的仿真模型,并通过仿真验证其有效性.运用灵敏度分析方法找出关键参数,引入进化算法对电机参数进行多目标优化,以提高电机的电磁性能.研究结果显示,优化后的电机平均电磁转矩提升了22.1%,转矩波动和齿槽转矩分别降低了9.09%和56.90%.

永磁同步电机弱磁转矩响应速度提升策略

弱磁控制技术能够有效地拓宽永磁同步电机运行速度范围,因此对永磁同步电机弱磁控制的研究具有重要意义。大多弱磁控制通过单一的PI环节修正弱磁电流指令,其响应速度较慢,难以满足高性能的控制需求,且由于弱磁环的高耦合、非线性,PI参数整定困难。针对以上不足提出一种折算查表的方法作为前馈加入到控制系统中,加快了弱磁调节的速度;同时采用增益线性化的方法,通过分析不同工作点处小信号模型的变化,解决了通过经验整定的弱磁环控制器的固定PI参数无法应对工作点变化的问题,从而提高了系统的稳定性和准确性。最后根据仿真和实验验证了改进的方法,能够有效提升弱磁控制的性能。

集成压缩机用双定子磁通切换电机的设计及优化

针对轴流压缩机系统体积大、冷却难的问题,基于6/4双定子磁通切换永磁电机,提出一种新型集成压缩机用磁通切换永磁电机(FSPMM)。首先,推导了考虑转子斜极影响的齿槽转矩解析表达,建立了气体流量轨迹模型。其次,设计E型槽FSPMM和C型槽FSPMM结构并建立有限元仿真模型,对其磁密分布、反电动势、齿槽转矩、电磁转矩及波动等电磁特性进行了计算和对比分析,结果表明E型槽FSPMM的电磁性能明显优于C型槽FSPMM的电磁性能。最后,综合考虑电磁性能和流体影响,对E型槽FSPMM的转子结构进行了优化,优化后的6/4双E型槽FSPMM的转矩波动下降了15.25%,出口流速提高到113.27 m/s,适用于多级轴流压缩机系统。

考虑交叉耦合效应的混合励磁开关磁链电机转子位置估计

针对使用高频电压注入法估计混合励磁开关磁链永磁(HESFPM)电机转子位置时,由于直轴和交轴之间的交叉耦合效应使得转子位置估计精确度降低的问题,提出了一种对交叉耦合效应进行角度补偿的HESFPM电机励磁绕组高频电压注入位置估计方法。通过电枢绕组α、β轴高频电流响应估计转子位置,分析了交叉耦合效应对所提出的高频电压注入位置估计精确度的影响,通过离线方法测量出该效应导致的交叉饱和角,并进行无位置传感器控制在线角度补偿。最后,通过12槽10极HESFPM样机进行实验验证,实验结果表明电机运行在不同转速、负载工况下,所提方法能够有效减小位置估计直流偏置误差,具有良好动态跟随性能。

模块化多单元磁通切换电机设计与特性分析

该文提出一种具有高转矩密度、低转矩脉动的新型模块化多单元磁通切换(modularelementaryfluxswitching permanentmagnet,ME-FSPM)电机结构,研究槽极配合对电磁特性的影响。基于气隙磁场调制原理,从永磁磁场调制的角度阐明ME-FSPM电机气隙磁导调制系数对永磁磁密调制谐波影响规律。由于轴向模块配合与集成环形绕组拓扑,ME-FSPM电机不同槽极配合下具有高绕组因数特征,进而针对性的定义气隙磁导调制系数是决定永磁磁链基波幅值的关键参数。依据气隙磁导调制系数模型,揭示电负荷恒定下转子极数与电磁转矩变化规律。基于气隙磁密分布规律,分析模块配合下齿槽转矩抑制原理,依据槽极配合选择实现齿槽转矩基波抵消以及输出转矩提升,提出ME-FSPM电机槽极配合选择方法。最后,在6槽ME-FSPM电机结构下,选择6槽/7极和6槽/8极结构具有良好的转矩特性,并通过仿真与实验验证理论方法的合理性与有效性。

基于改进滑模观测器的无位置传感器AFFSPM电机模型预测磁链控制

为了提高轴向磁场磁通切换永磁(axial field fluxswitching permanent magnet,AFFSPM)电机无位置传感器位置检测精度,同时抑制该电机的转矩和磁链脉动,该文提出一种基于改进滑模观测器(sliding mode observer,SMO)的无位置传感器AFFSPM电机模型预测磁链控制方法。首先,基于传统滑模观测器,设计边界层可随滑模面误差自调节的反正弦饱和函数,削弱系统抖振,改善系统稳态性能;接着,将扩展卡尔曼滤波器及幅值补偿环节代替单一低通滤波器,并通过内嵌二阶广义积分器的软件锁相环估算转子位置角和速度,消除位置角补偿,提高位置观测精确度;最后,将估算的转子位置角和速度反馈到模型预测磁链控制模块,完成无位置传感器控制。该文通过理论推导、仿真与实验研究验证所提出的控制策略可有效提高AFFSPM电机无传感器控制的稳态和动态性能。

高频电流注入单绕组无轴承磁通切换电机悬停及启动过程的无径向位移传感器控制

无轴承电机在悬停及启动过程始终需要保持稳定悬浮,准确获取转子径向位移信息是控制转子稳定悬浮的关键,传感器的使用易受环境影响,降低系统可靠性,并且增加系统成本。针对电机悬停及启动过程,提出一种基于高频电流注入的无径向位移传感器控制方法。首先,基于电机电感数学模型,建立当转矩平面注入高频旋转电流信号后,空间对称绕组中有效高频偏差电势幅值与转子径向位移的关系;接着,利用线性正弦跟踪器提取有效高频偏差电势幅值;然后,基于上述电势幅值与转子径向位移关系,构建转子径向位移观测器;最后,将观测位移与自抗扰控制策略相结合,构建高性能的无径向位移传感器控制策略。理论分析与实验结果验证所提方法的有效性。

用于双边磁通切换直线电机涡流损耗抑制的永磁体结构优化设计

为降低双边磁通切换直线电机永磁体的涡流损耗,以一台6槽17极双边磁通切换直线电机为研究对象,对其永磁体的结构进行优化设计。首先对稳态工况下永磁体涡流损耗的分布特点进行分析,其次通过理论推导和仿真计算,获得了横向对称分割3块的永磁体结构,最后提出了新型半Halbach永磁体阵列结构,并利用曲线拟合、黄金分割法和抛物线插值法获得了永磁体最优充磁角度。仿真结果表明,所提出的永磁体结构能够在不影响DLFSPM平均电磁推力的前提下,可有效抑制永磁体涡流损耗。

记忆电机的研究综述及最新进展

记忆电机利用铝镍钴(aluminum-nickel-cobalt,AlNiCo)永磁材料的高剩磁、低矫顽力特性,通过施加瞬时的充去磁电流脉冲来改变永磁体磁化状态,以实现高效的在线调磁,被认为是一种真正意义上的可变磁通永磁电机,非常适于电动汽车、高速机床和飞轮储能等领域的应用。根据施加脉冲调磁电流的方式,记忆电机可以分为交流脉冲调磁型和直流脉冲调磁型两大类。该文分析并总结了现有记忆电机的结构特点、工作原理和各自的优缺点,阐述了记忆电机的关键共性问题,并针对现有记忆电机存在的不足,提出了一类磁通切换型记忆电机。该类电机具有感应电动势波形正弦、气隙磁通易于调节、定位力矩和转矩脉动小和容错能力强等优点,通过在线调磁与驱动的协调控制,可以使之适用于高精度宽调速伺服应用。该文对记忆电机的理论研究与工程应用具有一定的参考价值。

基于电流谐波注入的磁通切换永磁电机定位力矩补偿方法

磁通切换永磁电机具有功率密度高、输出转矩大、反电动势正弦等优点,而较高的气隙磁密与定转子双凸极结构会产生较大的定位力矩。定位力矩会引起电机运行时的转矩脉动、振动和噪声问题,从而限制了磁通切换永磁电机的应用。从控制角度出发,提出一种新型的采用电流谐波注入法补偿定位力矩的控制策略,即通过注入谐波电流产生的转矩抵消定位力矩中的基波与二次谐波分量,从而达到补偿的目的。通过半实物仿真平台dSPACE实现了该控制算法,并在一台2kW磁通切换永磁电机的驱动系统上验证了所提出补偿控制方法的有效性。该控制方法也可拓展应用到其它反电动势为正弦且定位力矩较大的永磁电机驱动系统。

轴向磁场磁通切换型永磁电机齿槽转矩抑制

轴向磁场磁通切换型永磁(Axial Field Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine,AFFSPM)电机是一种高功率密度、高效率的新型永磁电机,但由于其定、转子的双凸极结构引起的聚磁效应,同传统的永磁电机相比,该结构电机的齿槽转矩较大。为了减小齿槽转矩,进一步提高电机性能,本文对AFFSPM电机的齿槽转矩进行了分析,首先推导了齿槽转矩的解析表达式,然后对转子齿面开辅助槽法进行了研究,采用实验设计(DOE)方法得到了齿槽转矩与辅助槽槽宽、槽深和槽扇形角之间的数学模型,计算出使齿槽转矩最小的辅助槽槽宽、槽深和槽扇形角的最优组合,并通过三维有限元法(FEM)验证了所得结果的正确性。结果表明,转子齿开辅助槽可以有效地削减齿槽转矩,转子齿面开两个辅助槽,优化辅助槽口宽度、槽口深度和槽口形状为3°、1.79mm和1.62°,齿槽转矩最大可以减小约44.3%。

磁通切换型永磁电机非线性磁网络分析

提出了一种磁通切换型永磁电机(Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet,FSPM)的通用非线性磁网络模型,该模型可以考虑磁场饱和的影响,能对气隙磁通密度分布、电枢线圈永磁磁通和感应电动势等电磁性能进行计算。针对一台三相定子12槽/转子10极的磁通切换永磁电机,首先建立了该电机的原始磁网络模型,并利用有限元法进行了验证。然后基于原始模型,进一步综合考虑局部饱和影响,提出了初始模型。为了进一步提高磁网络分析的精度,在初始模型基础上,又提出了两种新的磁网络模型——多段永磁支路模型和导磁桥模型,其计算结果更为精确。上述磁网络模型的分析结果均得到了二维有限元计算和实验结果的验证。通过对比可知,上述磁网络模型中导磁桥模型具有最高的分析精度。