Modified Omega-K algorithm for processing helicopter-borne frequency modulated continuous waveform rotating synthetic aperture radar data

With appropriate geometry configuration, helicopter- borne rotating synthetic aperture radar （ROSAR） can break through the limitations of monostatic synthetic aperture radar （SAR） on forward-looking imaging. With this capability, ROSAR has extensive potential applications, such as self-navigation and self-landing. Moreover, it has many advantages if combined with the frequency modulated continuous wave （FMCW） technology. A novel geometric configuration and an imaging algorithm for helicopter-borne FMCW-ROSAR are proposed. Firstly, by per- forming the equivalent phase center principle, the separated trans- mitting and receiving antenna system is equalized to the case of system configuration with antenna for both transmitting and receiving signals. Based on this, the accurate two-dimensional spectrum is obtained and the Doppler frequency shift effect in- duced by the continuous motion of the platform during the long pulse duration is compensated. Next, the impacts of the velocity approximation error on the imaging algorithm are analyzed in de- tail, and the system parameters selection and resolution analysis are presented. The well-focused SAR image is then obtained by using the improved Omega-K algorithm incorporating the accurate compensation method for the velocity approximation error. FJnally, correctness of the analysis and effectiveness of the proposed al- gorithm are demonstrated through simulation results.

IMAGING ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY MODULATION CONTINUOUS WAVE SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IN NEAR RANGE MODE

Frequency-Modulation Continuous-Wave Synthetic Aperture Radar(FMCW SAR)has shown great potential in the applications of civil and military fields because of its easy deployment and low cost.However,most of these work and analysis are concentrated on airborne FMCW SAR,where the characteristics of the imaging geometry and signal are much similar to that of traditional pulsed-SAR.As a result,a series of test campaigns of automobile-based FMCW SAR were sponsored by Institute of Electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IECAS)in the autumn of 2012.In this paper,we analyze the imaging issues of FMCW SAR in automobile mode(named as near range mode),where a vehicle is used as moving platform and a large looking angle is configured.The imaging geometry and signal properties are analyzed in detail.We emphasize the difference of the near range mode from the traditional airborne SAR mode.Based on the analysis,a focusing approach is proposed in the paper to handle the data focusing in the case.Simulation experiment and real data of automobile FMCW SAR are used to validate the analysis.

A TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING THE LINEARITY OF A LINEARLY FREQUENCY-MODULATED SIGNAL

A technique for measuring the linearity of a linearly frequency-modulated continuous wave (LFM-CW) signal is presented. It uses a delay-line and a mixer to sense the slope of the output of a sweep oscillator, so that the original form of frequency function deviated from idealized linear slope is retrieved by means of spectrum analysis. Consequently,the linearity of the LFM signal is determined. The formulation is performed based on the principle that an angle-modulated signal can be approximated by an amplitude-modulated signal if the modulation coefficient is sufficiently small. To examine the validity of the procedure and to study the effect of each parameter on the accuracy of measurement, a number of computer simulations has been made. The results of simulation show that the error of the measurement is less than 2%.

Frequency Sweep Linearization for Semiconductor Laser Using a Feedback Loop Based on Amplitude-Frequency Response

A scheme of frequency sweep linearization of semiconductor lasers using a feed-back loop based on amplitude-frequency response is demonstrated in this paper. The beat frequency signal is obtained by self-heterodyne detection. The frequency changes are converted to the envelope of beat frequency signal after amplitude-frequency response. The active frequency sweep linearization is realized by feeding envelope deviations back to the drive currents of the lasers by a feedback loop. A simulation model is built to verify this scheme by Simulink. This scheme does not need high-performance, expensive lasers, complex linearization or tedious post-processing processes, which are of great significance for related applications.

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave dual-frequency LIDAR based on a monolithic integrated two-section DFB laser

We demonstrate a high-resolution frequency-modulated continuous-wave dual-frequency LIDAR system based on a monolithic integrated two-section(TS) distributed feedback(DFB) laser. In order to achieve phase locking of the two lasers in the TS-DFB laser, the sideband optical injection locking technique is employed. A high-quality linear frequency-modulated signal is achieved from the TS-DFB laser. Utilizing the proposed LIDAR system, the distance and velocity of a target can be measured accurately. The maximum relative errors of distance and velocity measurement are 1.6% and 3.18%, respectively.

Adaptive digital self-interference cancellation based on fractional order LMS in LFMCW radar

Adaptive digital self-interference cancellation(ADSIC)is a significant method to suppress self-interference and improve the performance of the linear frequency modulated continuous wave(LFMCW)radar.Due to efficient implementation structure,the conventional method based on least mean square(LMS)is widely used,but its performance is not sufficient for LFMCW radar.To achieve a better self-interference cancellation(SIC)result and more optimal radar performance,we present an ADSIC method based on fractional order LMS(FOLMS),which utilizes the multi-path cancellation structure and adaptively updates the weight coefficients of the cancellation system.First,we derive the iterative expression of the weight coefficients by using the fractional order derivative and short-term memory principle.Then,to solve the problem that it is difficult to select the parameters of the proposed method due to the non-stationary characteristics of radar transmitted signals,we construct the performance evaluation model of LFMCW radar,and analyze the relationship between the mean square deviation and the parameters of FOLMS.Finally,the theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method has a better SIC performance than the conventional methods.

基于线性调频连续波的合作式通信辐射源测距

针对加速运动目标参数估计中,离散多项式变换方法无法进行非整数估计的问题,本文提出基于瑞夫算法的离散多项式变换法和基于Chirp-Z变换的离散多项式变换法2种新型离散多项式变换算法,对加速运动目标速度和加速度进行估计,并对2种算法的估计误差和计算量进行了分析比较。结果表明:2种算法在信噪比-20 dB时均方误差开始接近克拉美罗界。基于瑞夫算法的离散多项式变换法与3次迭代基于Chirp-Z变换的离散多项式变换法均可在较低信噪比下可实现任意频率的有效估计且性能接近,二者均可实现低信噪比下速度、加速度的有效估计,但基于瑞夫算法的离散多项式变换法计算量远小于3次迭代基于Chirp-Z变换的离散多项式变换法。

基于时频域分析的车载毫米波雷达干扰抑制方法

文中针对车载调频连续波雷达之间相互干扰导致虚警和漏警的问题,提出一种在时频域基于改进经验模式分解和自回归模型相结合的干扰抑制方法。该方法首先使用经验模式分解区分出拍频信号中干扰分量主导的低阶本征模态函数,将其转换到短时傅里叶变换域后通过全局阈值方法进行干扰分量定位;其次,在时频域根据定位信息将拍频信号包含干扰的数据置零;最后,使用自回归模型对拍频信号中缺失的有用信号进行估计并插值。通过仿真和实测结果显示,该方法在精确地去除干扰分量的同时可以减少有用信号的功率损失,干扰抑制后的信号与参考信号的相关系数达到0.9697。与现有干扰抑制技术相比文中方法也体现出更优的干扰抑制性能。

基于可解释网络解耦表征的低成本雷达定位解算方法

为降低调频连续波(FMCW)雷达成本,同时提高定位精度,设计可解释解耦表征模型。该模型由网络解算器、虚假信号生成器以及可解释潜变量三部分组成。首先处理雷达信号获得中频频谱;然后输入到网络解算器中生成位置潜变量;再通过物理机制对潜变量进行转换,生成虚假中频信号频谱;最后,设计局部光滑损失函数对模型进行自监督训练,实现潜变量的解耦物理表征。实验结果表明:所提算法能对雷达系统频谱信号的粗粒度进行超分辨率细化,其机理能有效应对雷达系统的硬件公差、环境噪声、安装误差等问题,并可自动地训练出雷达的解算网络,从而具有大规模室内、机载联网定位的应用潜力。

一种面向低成本轻量级雷达的单比特复用阵列信号收发框架

面向低成本轻量级雷达的应用需求,该文提出了一种联合单比特采样量化和时分复用接收机的雷达信号收发框架。首先,通过介绍该框架的工作原理,阐述其在节省接收机数量方面的优势。从雷达资源配置的角度,分析了单比特采样量化在该框架中的重要性,并提出了该框架可利用时间换空间,获得比经典线性调频连续波雷达更好的探测性能。接着,推导了雷达测距、测速和测角公式,以及目标参数估计的克拉美罗界。在此基础上,验证了该框架的性能优势,同时也给出了其稳定工作的信噪比条件。最后,利用一种基于单比特二维多重信号分类的速度维配对算法,验证了该框架获取目标原理的正确性,以及性能分析的可靠性。

基于改进Rife算法的LFMCW雷达测距方法及实现

为提高线性调频连续波(LFMCW)雷达测距精度,提出一种基于改进Rife算法的雷达测距方法。首先介绍了方法原理,并理论分析了方法的测距性能;其次,结合以FPGA EP3C55F484C8N为核心芯片的线性调频连续波雷达,探索了方法实现,并就方法实现的关键点之一——实数点处的DFT计算给出流程;然后,通过Quartus II进行时序仿真,结果显示所提方法可行;最后,利用线性调频连续波雷达实验平台进行现场测距验证,整个距离段上,系统可进行高精度测距,与现有实际测距方法相比,精度更高,稳定性更好,证明了方法的有效性。

LFMCW SAR非线性校正成像方法研究

线性调频连续波合成孔径雷达(LFMCW SAR)是一种新近提出来的成像雷达体制,它结合调频连续波与合成孔径成像技术,具有体积小、重量轻、成本低、分辨率高等一系列优点。然而,由于受系统的影响,调频信号的频率和时间并不完全满足线性关系。在详细分析了LFMCW的调频非线性对距离分辨率及FMCW SAR成像质量的影响之后,提出使用分段线性拟合的方法估计调频信号的非线性,并提出了非线性的校正方法,研究了存在非线性时的FMCW SAR成像算法,并给出了仿真结果,验证了该方法的有效性。

LFMCW雷达运动目标距离与速度超分辨估计

超分辨谱估计算法能得到比传统周期图法高得多的分辨率,针对LFMCW雷达动目标检测问题,本文提出一种基于状态矢量空间方法的LFMCW雷达距离与速度超分辨估计方法。文中介绍了状态矢量空间方法的基本原理并分析了三角LFMCW雷达上、下扫频段差频信号的特点,使用基于状态矢量空间方法估计差频信号频谱,同时给出了相应的运动目标距离与速度的估计算法。该算法解决了LFMCW雷达动目标去耦问题,与传统FFT方法相比提高了运动目标距离与速度的分辨率和估计精度。仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性。

复杂探测背景下的LFMCW雷达动目标二维检测方法

为了提高线性调频连续波雷达在复杂探测背景下的动目标检测能力,分析了线性调频连续波雷达回波信号的一维和二维频谱特点,提出了一种基于二维信号变换的动目标检测处理方法.该方法对雷达回波信号进行距离-速度二维变换,将变换结果作为二维恒虚警检测器的输入参考单元来检测淹没在一维距离谱中的运动目标,降低了复杂探测背景对动目标检测的影响,并在目标检测后利用二维变换信息提取了目标距离、速度和方位角度,测量了目标运动轨迹.

基于FRFT的对称三角LFMCW信号检测与参数估计

对称三角线性调频连续波(STLFMCW)信号是一种典型的低截获概率雷达信号。该文通过分析STLFMCW信号在分数阶Fourier变换(FRFT)域的频谱分布特征,发现STLFMCW信号包含的各段LFM信号在其对应的"最佳"FRFT域内具有很好的能量聚集性;各段LFM信号在频域内会完全重叠,叠加的频谱幅度较高,在低信噪比条件下,严重影响STLFMCW信号的检测与参数估计。因此,利用FRFT检测STLFMCW信号时,必须克服该问题。该文提出一种FRFT与聚类分析相结合的STLFMCW信号检测与参数估计方法。该算法解决了由STLFMCW信号的频谱叠加给信号检测带来的问题,而且,克服了信号尖峰的高度必须高于噪声幅度的限制,在低信噪比条件下具有较好的检测效果。最后,仿真验证了该方法的有效性。

一种改进的LFMCW雷达多目标加速度和速度估计方法

针对已有估计算法对线性调频连续波(LFMCW)雷达多目标加速度和速度参数的估计精度差、计算复杂度高等问题,该文提出一种改进方法。该方法将时频重排平滑伪Wigner-Ville分布(RSPWVD)与Radon变换相结合,通过恒虚警率检测和阈值处理,实现了LFMCW雷达多目标加速度与速度参数估计,克服了现有方法中计算复杂、存在误差积累效应的缺点。给出了估计算法的实现步骤。仿真实验结果表明:改进方法在低信噪比时仍具有较高的参数估计精度。

基于IRife算法的高精度LFMCW雷达测距方法

为实现高精度线性调频连续波(LFMCW)雷达测距,在分析Rife算法的基础上,提出了基于改进Rife(IRife)算法的LFMCW雷达测距方法。首先介绍了该方法的实现原理和实现步骤,然后在型号为EP4CE55F23A7N的FPGA芯片上进行方法实现,最后将该方法嵌入LFMCW雷达测距系统中进行现场实验验证。仿真和现场实验结果表明,在相同的信噪比条件下,相较于基于Rife算法的测距方法,基于IRife算法的测距方法均方根误差小,测距精度高,稳定性好,证明了该方法的有效性。

基于多核DSP的星载双基FMCW SAR成像算法实现

调频连续波(frequency modulated continuous wave,FMCW)合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)降低了传感器的峰值传输功率,使系统的重量和成本最小化,被广泛应用于机载平台。将双基地构型与FMCW技术相结合,应用于星载平台,即构成星载双基地FMCW SAR。本文对距离多普勒(range-Doppler,RD)算法进行改进,建立起一种高性能的适宜星载双基地平台的FMCW SAR成像频域算法,这种算法的处理精度明显提高,成像效果更好。基于多核数字信号处理器(digital signal processor,DSP)构建适用于星载双基SAR成像算法的并行处理架构,完成软硬件设计实现。验证了所提软件架构可以满足实时成像需求,以及算法工程化实现的可行性。

FFT-CZT技术在单天线LFMCW无线电高度表中的应用

设计了单天线线性调频连续波(LFMCW)无线电高度表系统,该系统采用矢量对消技术抵消来自环形器泄漏和天线驻波反射的信号。采用快速傅立叶变换(FFT)与线性调频Z变换(CZT)相结合的技术(称为FFT-CZT技术)对发射信号和回波信号混频后的中频信号进行频谱分析(先用FFT技术进行频谱粗分析,再用CZT技术进行频谱细分析),以解决频率分辨率与计算时间的矛盾,提高系统的测量精度和抗干扰能力。仿真分析了单天线LFMCW无线电高度表系统的工作过程。仿真分析结果表明:将FFT-CZT技术应用于单天线LFMCW无线电高度表中是可行的;与传统的模拟体制相比,系统的测量精度和抗干扰能力明显提高,系统可应用于除零高度以外的高度测量中。

新截获模型下的对称三角LFMCW信号的检测与参数估计

针对现有参数估计方法需要以信号的调频周期起点为截获时间起点的假设,结合"连续波"信号的特点和电子侦察的实际,建立新的对称三角线性调频连续波(STLFMCW)信号截获模型,提出了一种STLFMCW信号检测与参数估计方法。该方法在分析多周期STLFMCW信号模糊函数的基础上,利用Radon-Ambiguity变换(RAT)估计信号的调频斜率并确定分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)的最优阶数,根据截获模型下信号新的时间频率关系,再通过相应阶数上FRFT估计调制周期、调制带宽和载频。与现有方法相比,该方法克服了对信号截获时间起点限制,只需截获信号包含至少两个完整的正调频部分或负调频部分就可估计出信号的各个参数。蒙特卡罗仿真实验表明,本文的参数估计方法在低信噪比下具有很好的鲁棒性。