Enhancing microseismic/acoustic emission source localization accuracy with an outlier-robust kernel density estimation approach

Monitoring sensors in complex engineering environments often record abnormal data,leading to significant positioning errors.To reduce the influence of abnormal arrival times,we introduce an innovative,outlier-robust localization method that integrates kernel density estimation(KDE)with damping linear correction to enhance the precision of microseismic/acoustic emission(MS/AE)source positioning.Our approach systematically addresses abnormal arrival times through a three-step process:initial location by 4-arrival combinations,elimination of outliers based on three-dimensional KDE,and refinement using a linear correction with an adaptive damping factor.We validate our method through lead-breaking experiments,demonstrating over a 23%improvement in positioning accuracy with a maximum error of 9.12 mm(relative error of 15.80%)—outperforming 4 existing methods.Simulations under various system errors,outlier scales,and ratios substantiate our method’s superior performance.Field blasting experiments also confirm the practical applicability,with an average positioning error of 11.71 m(relative error of 7.59%),compared to 23.56,66.09,16.95,and 28.52 m for other methods.This research is significant as it enhances the robustness of MS/AE source localization when confronted with data anomalies.It also provides a practical solution for real-world engineering and safety monitoring applications.

Development of a Laboratory Cement Quality Analysis Apparatus Based on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Determination of the chemical composition of cement and ratio values of clinker plays an important role in cement plants as part of the optimal process control and product quality evaluation. In the present paper, a laboratory laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） apparatus mainly comprising a sealed optical module and an analysis chamber has been designed for possible application in cement plants for on-site quality analysis of cement. Emphasis is placed on the structure and operation of the LIBS apparatus, the sealed optical path, the temperature controlled spectrometer, the sample holder, the proper calibration model established for minimizing the matrix effects, and a correction method proposed for overcoming the ＇drift＇ obstacle. Good agreement has been found between the laboratory measurement results from the LIBS method and those from the traditional method. The absolute measurement errors presented here for oxides analysis are within 0.5%, while those of ratio values are in the range of 0.02 to 0.05. According to the obtained results, this laboratory LIBS apparatus is capable of performing reliable and accurate, composition and proximate analysis of cement and is suitable for application in cement plants.

Multi-probe linear fitting and time of arrival linear correction method to analyze blade vibration based on blade tip timing without once-per-revolution

Blade vibration monitoring can ensure the safe operation of aeroengine rotor blades.Among the methods of blade vibration monitoring,Blade Tip Timing(BTT)method has attracted more and more attention because of its advantages of non-contact measurement.However,it is difficult to install the Once-Per-Revolution(OPR)probe in the confined space of aeroengine,and the failure and instability of the OPR signal will reduce the reliability of the blade vibration analysis results,which directly affects the accuracy of the blade vibration parameters identification.The Multi-Probe linear fitting and Time of Arrival(ToA)Linear Correction method based on the BTT(MP-LC-BTT)without OPR is proposed to reduce the errors of single probe linear fitting method for blade vibration displacement analysis.The proposed method can also correct the calculation error of blade vibration displacement due to the nonlinear change of rotation speed,which can improve the analysis accuracy of the blade vibration displacement.A new blade vibration model conforming to the actual vibration characteristics is established,and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation.Finally,the reliability and accuracy of the MP-LC-BTT method have been verified by the experiments which include two high-speed blade test-benches and an industrial axial fan.This method can be used in the actual aero-engine monitoring instead of the BTT method with OPR.

First-principles calculation of the structural,electronic,and magnetic properties of cubic perovskite RbXF3(X = Mn,V,Co,Fe)

First-principles calculations by means of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method using the generalized gradient approximation with correlation effect correction（GGA＋U） within the framework of spin polarized density functional theory（DFT＋U） are used to study the structural,electronic,and magnetic properties of cubic perovskite compounds RbXF3（X = Mn,V,Co,and Fe）.It is found that the calculated structural parameters,i.e.,lattice constant,bulk modulus,and its pressure derivative are in good agreement with the previous results.Our results reveal that the strong spin polarization of the 3d states of the X atoms is the origin of ferromagnetism in RbXF3.Cohesive energies and the magnetic moments of RbXF3 have also been calculated.The calculated electronic properties show the half-metallic nature of RbCoF3 and RbFeF3,making these materials suitable for spintronic applications.

On the Computing of the Minimum Distance of Linear Block Codes by Heuristic Methods

The evaluation of the minimum distance of linear block codes remains an open problem in coding theory, and it is not easy to determine its true value by classical methods, for this reason the problem has been solved in the literature with heuristic techniques such as genetic algorithms and local search algorithms. In this paper we propose two approaches to attack the hardness of this problem. The first approach is based on genetic algorithms and it yield to good results comparing to another work based also on genetic algorithms. The second approach is based on a new randomized algorithm which we call 'Multiple Impulse Method (MIM)', where the principle is to search codewords locally around the all-zero codeword perturbed by a minimum level of noise, anticipating that the resultant nearest nonzero codewords will most likely contain the minimum Hamming-weight codeword whose Hamming weight is equal to the minimum distance of the linear code.

An optical sensor for hydrogen sulfide detection in open path using WMS-2f/1f technique

An optical hydrogen sulfide(H_2S) sensor based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy with the second harmonic(2f) corrected by the first harmonic(1f) signal(WMS-2f/1f) is developed using a distributed feedback(DFB) laser emitting at 1.578 μm and a homemade gas cell with 1-m-long optical path length. The novel sensor is constructed by an electrical cabinet and an optical reflecting and receiving end. The DFB laser is employed for targeting a strong H_2S line at 6 336.62 cm^(-1) in the fundamental absorption band of H_2S. The sensor performance, including the minimum detection limit and the stability, can be improved by reducing the laser intensity drift and common mode noise by means of the WMS-2f/1f technique. The experimental results indicate that the linearity and response time of the sensor are 0.999 26 and 6 s(in concentration range of 15.2—45.6 mg/m^3), respectively. The maximum relative deviation for continuous detection(60 min) of 30.4 mg/m^3 H_2S is 0.48% and the minimum detection limit obtained by Allan variance is 79 μg/m^3 with optimal integration time of 32 s. The optical H_2S sensor can be applied to environmental monitoring and industrial production, and it has significance for real-time online detection in many fields.