花生RIL群体出仁率的遗传特性分析

出仁率是花生的产量性状之一,是籽仁产量的重要影响因子。本研究以花育44×DF12构建的重组自交系(RIL)群体为试验材料,出仁率作为表型数据,利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对3个环境下的出仁率进行遗传特性分析。结果表明,3个环境下的出仁率的最适遗传模型均为4MG-AI,即4对加性—上位性主基因调控,3个环境下的主基因遗传率分别为91.93%,90.60%,96.85%。本研究结果为出仁率遗传机制挖掘奠定了重要理论依据。

Canine Myofascial Kinetic Lines: A Descriptive Dissection Study Including Related Function and Locomotion and Comparison of the Human and Equine Myofascial Kinetic Lines

Aim: This dissection study was conducted to verify if the Myofascial kinetic lines, outlined in detail in humans and recently documented in horses, were present in dogs. These dynamic lines present rows of interconnected muscles, myofascia and other fascia structures, which influence the biomechanics of the spine and limbs. Methods: Forty-two dogs of different breeds and genders were dissected, imaged, and videoed. Results: Similar kinetic lines were verified in the dog, as described in humans and horses, and additionally, three new branches of the lines were discovered. The kinetic lines described were three superficial lines: Dorsal, Ventral, and Lateral, which all started in the hindlimb and ended in the temporal and occipital regions. These lines act respectively in spinal extension, flexion, and lateral flexion. Three profound lines, which started in the tail and ended in the head. The Deep Dorsal Line followed the transversospinal myofascia. The Deep Ventral Line showed an additional start deep in the medial hind limb, continued in the hypaxial myofascia, and enveloped all the viscera. Also, the Deep Lateral Line started in the hindlimb but parted along the trunk in the deep lateral myofascial structures. Two helical lines crossed the midline two or three times and served to rotate the spine. The Functional Line established a sling from the axilla to the contralateral stifle and presented a new ipsilateral branch. The Spiral Line connected the head and the ipsilateral tarsus and additionally presented a new straight branch. The four front limb lines describe their motion: the Front Limb Protraction and Retraction, Adduction, and Abduction Lines. Conclusion: The canine lines mirrored the equine and human lines with exceptions due to differences in anatomy, foot posture, lumbosacral flexibility, and their biomechanical constitution as predator versus prey animals. Additionally, three new canine branches were verified and described.

Derivative Spectroscopy and its Application at Detecting the Weak Emission/Absorption Lines

The development of spectroscopic survey telescopes like Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope(LAMOST),Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment and Sloan Digital Sky Survey has opened up unprecedented opportunities for stellar classification.Specific types of stars,such as early-type emission-line stars and those with stellar winds,can be distinguished by the profiles of their spectral lines.In this paper,we introduce a method based on derivative spectroscopy(DS)designed to detect signals within complex backgrounds and provide a preliminary estimation of curve profiles.This method exhibits a unique advantage in identifying weak signals and unusual spectral line profiles when compared to other popular line detection methods.We validated our approach using synthesis spectra,demonstrating that DS can detect emission signals three times fainter than Gaussian fitting.Furthermore,we applied our method to 579,680 co-added spectra from LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey,identifying 16,629 spectra with emission peaks around the Hαline from 10,963 stars.These spectra were classified into three distinct morphological groups,resulting in nine subclasses as follows.(1)Emission peak above the pseudo-continuum line(single peak,double peaks,emission peak situated within an absorption line,P Cygni profile,Inverse P Cygni profile);(2)Emission peak below the pseudo-continuum line(sharp emission peak,double absorption peaks,emission peak shifted to one side of the absorption line);(3)Emission peak between the pseudo-continuum line.

Characterization of the infectivity of an Indonesian Zika virus strain in mammalian cell lines

Objective:To characterize the infection patterns and growth characteristics of the Zika virus(ZIKV)strain JMB-185 from Indonesia in various mammalian cell lines.Methods:ZIKV was grown in human(A549,HEK293,HepG2,Huh7,Jurkat,and THP-1)and non-human mammalian(RAW264.7,Vero,and Vero76)cell lines.Viral replication kinetics were measured using plaque assay,while intra-and extracellular viral RNA concentrations were assessed using RT-PCR.Flow cytometry was used to quantify the infected cells and cell viability was measured using an MTT assay.The ability of ZIKV to infect cell lines was visualized using a fluorescence immunostaining assay.Results:This ZIKV strain preferentially infected the lung,kidney,and liver cell lines A549,HEK293,Huh7,Vero,and Vero76,but not the immune cells Jurkat,RAW264.7,and THP-1.By contrast,the ZIKV showed no sign of infection in HepG2 cells,while maintaining viral titer over 3 days post-infection,with no infection recorded in immunostaining,no increase in viral RNA,and no indication of cell deterioration.Conclusions:The Indonesian ZIKV strain has a similar infection profile as other strains,except for its poor infectivity on HepG2 cells.Information on the growth characteristics of Indonesia ZIKV will help expand our understanding of the biology of ZIKV which will be useful for various applications including antiviral discovery.

基于RT RILs F10群体的水稻种子耐干旱萌发性状的QTL定位

以耐旱性差异较大的籼稻RT和籼稻SC及其杂交构建的第10代RIL群体为材料,使用浓度10%PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱环境处理7 d,采用相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法对萌发期间水稻种子根、芽相关萌发特性、生长特性与根系形态指标进行综合分析与QTL定位。结果表明:各萌发特性呈现极显著正相关,相关系数为0.24~0.95,其中根干重与根鲜重的相关性最强,相关系数为0.95;聚类分析结果表明:可以将246个株系分为3大类群,第I类长势最好。通过复合区间作图法共检测到20个与水稻萌发期相关的耐旱性状QTL,分布于水稻的3号、4号、7号、8号、9号、11号和12号染色体上,对数几率比(LOD)值为2.01~4.45,解释的表型贡献率为3.38%~7.35%。7号染色体上的RM481-RM5100标记区间可同时影响水稻发芽率和发芽势。8号染色体RM5887-RM6155标记区间可同时检测到控制根与芽鲜重的位点,说明该区间可同时影响多个鲜重性状,表现为紧密连锁或一因多效。

Co-variability Between the Broad Absorption Lines and Narrow Absorption Lines

We investigate the relationship between the variability of broad absorption lines(BALs)or narrow absorption lines(NALs)and that of continuum using a data set of two-epoch SDSS spectra containing 134 C IV NAL-BAL pairs.Our analysis reveals an anti-correlation between the fractional equivalent width(EW)variations in NALs(or BALs)and the fractional flux variations of the continuum,with Spearman rank correlation coefficients of r=-0.47(p=1E-08)and r=-0.58(p=1E-13),respectively.In addition,we find a positive correlation between the fractional EW variations in NALs and BALs(r=0.72,p=1E-22),and derive a regression equation ΔEW_(NAL)/<EW_(NAL)>=0.803ΔEW_(BAL)/<EW_(BAL)>+0.008,with an intrinsic scatter of 0.14.These results suggest that the variability in the ionizing continuum may play a significant role in the observed changes in C IV NALs and BALs,supporting the idea of photoionization-driven variability.The co-variability between C IV NALs and BALs may imply that they originate from outflows with similar physical conditions.

GATA binding protein 2 mediated ankyrin repeat domain containing 26 high expression in myeloid-derived cell lines

BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia 2,an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by moderate thrombocytopenia,predisposition to myeloid malignancies and normal platelet size and function,can be caused by 5’-untranslated region(UTR)point mutations in ankyrin repeat domain containing 26(ANKRD26).Runt related transcription factor 1(RUNX1)and friend leukemia integration 1(FLI1)have been identified as negative regulators of ANKRD26.However,the positive regulators of ANKRD26 are still unknown.AIM To prove the positive regulatory effect of GATA binding protein 2(GATA2)on ANKRD26 transcription.METHODS Human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from bone marrow(hiPSC-BM)INTRODUCTION Ankyrin repeat domain containing protein 26(ANKRD26)acts as a regulator of adipogenesis and is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior[1-3].The ANKRD26 gene is located on chromosome 10 and shares regions of homology with the primate-specific gene family POTE.According to the Human Protein Atlas database,the ANKRD26 protein is localized to the Golgi apparatus and vesicles,and its expression can be detected in nearly all human tissues[4].Moreover,UniProt annotation revealed that ANKRD26 is localized in the centrosome and contains coiled-coil domains formed by spectrin helices and ankyrin repeats[5,6].The most common disease related to ANKRD26 is thrombocytopenia 2(THC2),which is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by lifelong mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia and mild bleeding[7-9].Caused by the variants in the 5’-untranslated region(UTR)of ANKRD26,THC2 is defined by a decrease in the number of platelets in circulating blood and results in increased bleeding and decreased clotting ability[8,10].Due to the point mutations that occur in the 5’-UTR of ANKRD26,its negative transcription factors(TFs),Runt related transcription factor 1(RUNX1)and friend leukemia integration 1(FLI1),lose their repression effect[11].The persistent expression of ANKRD26 increases the activity of the mitogen activated protein kinase and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways,which are potentially involved in the regulation of thrombopoietin-dependent signaling and further impair proplatelet formation by megakaryocytes(MKs)[11].However,the positive regulators of ANKRD26,which might be associated with THC2 pathology,are still unknown.

基于Hessian矩阵的改进EDlines输电线识别算法

随着电力网络的飞速发展,采用无人机搭载高清摄像头来进行输电线巡检已成常态。为提高巡检的实时性和准确性,本研究提出了一种基于Hessian矩阵的改进EDlines输电线识别算法。首先,通过伽马变换对输电线图像进行预处理,利用Hessian矩阵特征值和特征向量以求取像素点主方向和主曲率,并获得输电线主体轮廓,从而摒弃了传统方法中梯度计算锚点和像素方向的繁琐步骤。接着,在主体轮廓基础上连接锚点以得到潜在直线线段像素链,并运用随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)算法来进行线段拟合。最后,根据直线间的距离和角度,迭代拟合以得到最终的输电线。实验结果表明,该方法能应对多种复杂环境下的输电线识别任务,抗干扰能力强,误检率显著降低,为高空输电线巡检提供了可靠的技术支持,具有重要的工程应用价值。

甘蓝型油菜RIL群体苗期根系耐铝性鉴定及评价方法研究

为减少铵肥的大量施用以及酸雨频降引发的耕地酸化,从而影响作物的生长,利用综合评价方法通过幼苗期根系表型筛选耐铝种质.以甘蓝型油菜重组自交系(RIL)亲本10D130和中双11为材料筛选苗期适宜的铝胁迫浓度,使用该浓度处理RIL内138个品种(系)幼苗,对其根长、根表面积、根平均直径、根体积、根交叉数、根尖数和根干质量7个根系指标的铝毒单项耐性系数进行变异系数分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、系统聚类分析和逐步回归分析,并采用隶属函数法综合评价不同油菜品种(系)根系的耐铝特性.结果表明:138份油菜品种(系)间各项根系指标差异有统计学意义(p<0.05);筛选出甘蓝型油菜幼苗期耐铝毒品种(系)27034,27036和27007等.根据灰色关联度及逐步回归分析结果,认为根据根长、根表面积、根体积、根交叉数等7个关键指标,可以初步判断甘蓝型油菜种质幼苗期的耐铝毒特性.通过这些方法综合评价油菜对铝的耐受性,可以避免单一指标的片面性和不稳定性,结果更为可靠.

New 4-imino-4H-Chromeno[2,3-d]Pyrimidin-3(5H)-Amine: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Effects on Tumoral Cell Lines and in Silico ADMET Properties

The synthesis of new 4-imino-4H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(5H)-amine in four steps including one step under microwave dielectric heating is reported. The structural identity of the synthesized compounds was established according to their spectroscopic analysis, such as FT-IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. These new compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activities on seven representative human tumoral cell lines (Huh7 D12, Caco2, MDA-MB231, MDA-MB468, HCT116, PC3 and MCF7) and also on fibroblasts. Among them, only the compounds 6c showed micromolar cytotoxic activity on tumor cell lines (1.8 50 50 > 25 μM). Finally, in silico ADMET studies ware performed to investigate the possibility of using of the identified compound 6c as potential anti-tumor compound.

Magnetic Field Curves and Magnetic Equipotential Surfaces around Crossing Electrical Wires Replacing Classical Magnetic Field Lines

This article is based on a recent model specifically defining magnetic field values around electrical wires. With this model, calculations of field around parallel wires were obtained. Now, this model is extended with the new concept of magnetic equipotential surface to magnetic field curves around crossing wires. Cases of single, double, and triple wires are described. Subsequent article will be conducted for more general scenarios where wires are neither infinite nor parallel.

Study on the Design Scheme of Vehicle Flow Lines in Unilateral Agglomerative Open Service Area

In recent years,with the introduction of the strategy to strengthen the country’s transportation infrastructure and the continuous implementation of new economic development models such as integrating transportation with tourism,various open service areas integrating highway service areas with local tourism have emerged nationwide.Examples include the Yangcheng Lake service area in Jiangsu and the Lengshui service area in Chongqing.This paper focuses on the design example of the Dazu Stone Carving service area on the Chongqing section of the Yurong Expressway,comprehensively considering factors such as construction scale,terrain conditions,and local urban planning.It analyzes and studies the traffic flow design of unilateral agglomerative open service areas around two vehicle traffic conversion links:between the main expressway and the service area,and between the service area and local roads.The aim is to provide a case study reference for similar projects.

In vitro Plant Regeneration of Pepper Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) Lines via Cotyledon Culture

An in vitro shoot regeneration procedure was developed in pepper （ Capsicum annuum L. ） cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） lines 9704A and 8214A using cotyledon as explant. The callus and bud cluster derived from cotyledon tissue explants were proliferated on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium supplemented with different combinations of 6-benzladenine （6-BA）, indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, gibberellic acid （GA3） and silver nitrate （AgNO3）. From the formula of MS appended with 5.0 mg/L 6-BA, 1.0 mg/L IAA and 5.0 mg/L AgNO3, for the explants callus and bud cluster, the maximum differentiation rates （ respectively 100.0% and 58.3% ） and average number of adventitious bud from each explant （respectively 18.8 and 13.2） were obtained. The optimum medium combination for the elongation of adventitious bud was determined to be： MS ＋ 3.0 mg/L 6-BA ＋ 1.0 mg/L IAA ＋ 5.0 mg/L AgNO3 ＋ 2.0 mg/L GA3, from which the elongation rates of buds from callus and bud cluster were both 100%, and the average number of per explant adventitious bud number reached 6.3 and 5.8, respectively. And all the elongated shoots were successfully rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.3-0.5 mg/L IAA.

Characterization of Fertility Alteration in 8 Environment-sensitive Genic Male-sterile Lines of indica Rice

Eight indica ( Oryza sativa L.) environment-sensitive genic male-sterile (EGMS) lines, 2-2S, K1405S, F131S, 2136S, Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, GD-IS and N17S, were sequentially seeded with 10-15 d interval at three sites, Wuhan in 1997, Guiyang in 1997 and Sanya in 1997 and 1998, China. The results of investigations on self-sterilities showed that all of eight EGMS lines had stable sterile periods of longer than 30 d at Wuhan. They can be used for seed production of two-line hybrid rice, but can not reproduce themselves. Their stable sterile periods were shorter than 30 d at Guiyang, they can reproduce themselves and can not be used for hybrid seed production. In Sanya, their stable sterile periods were longer than 150 d, all of eight lines can be used for seed production in summer and autumn and reproduce themselves in winter. The fertility of all eight lines were sensitive to temperature. The sensitive stages, sensitive duration and critical point of temperatures (CPT) of fertility alteration in various lines were different. The sensitive stages of 2-2S and K1405S were from 18 d to 9 d before heading, the sensitive durations were 7-10 d and the CPTs were 23.7-24.5 degreesC. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of F131S were from 17 to 5 d before heading, 13 d and 24.3-24.7 degreesC, respectively. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of 2136S were from 18 to 12 d before heading, 7 d and 24.6-25.1 degreesC:, respectively. The sensitive stages, sensitive durations of Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, N17S and GD-1S were from 24 to 13 d before heading and 10-13 d. And their CPTs were 24.6-25.1 degreesC, 25.5-26.2 degreesC, 25.4-26.1 degreesC,, and 24.1-24.7 degreesC, respectively.

Correlation between Stigma Characteristics and Outcrossing Rate of Five Photo-thermo Sensitive Genic Male Sterile(PTGMS) Rice Lines

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between stigma characteristics and outcrossing rate of photo-thermo sensitive genic male sterile（PTGMS） rice lines. [Method] The stigma exsertion rate, stigma size and stigma vitality of Chuang 5S, Yun 9S, Peiai 64 S, P88 S and Y58 S were analyzed. Using R608 as a male parent, outcrossing rate of these five PTGMS lines was determined. [Result]There were differences in stigma exsertion rate, stigma size and stigma vitality among five PTGMS lines. P88 S exhibited the best stigma characteristics and relatively strong stigma vitality, with the stigma exsertion rate of 95.94%, stigma vitality coefficient of 2.71, outcrossing rate of 84.02% in the field. Peiai 64 s had the minimum stigma length（2.41 mm） and stigma width（1.10 mm） and the weakest stigma vitality, with the stigma exsertion rate of 93.04%, outcrossing rate of 65.47%. Yun 9S,Y58 S and Chuang 5S displayed medium stigma characteristics, among which Yun9 S exhibited higher outcrossing rate than other two PTGMS lines. Correlation analysis showed that stigma exsertion rate, stigma length, stigma width, stigma area and stigma volume were significantly correlated to outcrossing rate（P〈0.05）, with correlation coefficients of 0.897, 0.934, 0.934, 0.939 and 0.937, respectively. However,there was no significant correlation between stigma vitality coefficient and outcrossing rate. [Conclusion] Based on stigma characteristics of five PTGMS lines, auxiliary pollination measures should be adopted reasonably to save production costs and improve hybrid rice seed yield.

利用花生RIL群体进行芽期耐寒性遗传特性分析

花生是我国分布极广的重要油料和经济作物,低温寒害是高纬度高海拔产区严重限制其生产发展的关键逆境因素,其中发芽期的危害最为普遍和严重。为深入研究花生芽期耐寒性遗传特性,本研究以耐寒性强的品种和耐寒性弱的品种杂交[HY44×DF12(HD-RIL)和YZ9102×XZ68-4(YX-RIL)]构建了两个重组自交系(RIL)群体,利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对2个RIL群体低温胁迫后的相对发芽率进行遗传特性分析。结果表明,2个RIL群体的耐寒性在2020年海南乐东(E1)环境中均表现为由3对加性上位性主基因+加性多基因控制,HD-RIL和YX-RIL的主基因遗传率分别为86.72%、91.46%,在2021年山西汾阳(E2)环境中均表现为由2对显性上位主基因+加性多基因控制,主基因遗传率分别为74.35%、79.56%;HD-RIL群体在2021年海南南滨(E3)环境中与YX-RIL群体在2020年山西汾阳(E4)环境中耐寒性均表现为由2对累加作用的主基因+加性多基因控制,主基因遗传率分别为64.20%、59.05%。本研究结果为深入开展花生芽期耐寒性分子机制研究、提高耐寒性分子育种效率提供了重要的理论基础。

Recurrent Selection for Improving Quality Characters of Male Sterile Restorer Lines of Brassica napus

[Objective] This study aimed to improve the quality characters of the male sterile restorer lines of Brassica napus by recurrent selection. [Method] The dominant male sterile alleles were used as outcross medium to be transformed with the favourable genes from thirteen materials, and finally excellent restorer materials were bred by recurrent selection. After that, the genetic diversity, genetic gains, fatty acid chain length and unsaturarion ratios of the improved populations were analyzed. [Result] The genetic diversity and genetic gains were obviously improved by the recurrent selection. Nine materials whose oil content exceeding 50% and 14 materials whose protein content exceeding 30% were acquired, and crossed with sterile lines. The comparative experiment showed that there were 11 combinations whose oil content was obviously enhanced compared with the control. [Conclusion] Recurrent selection is an effective way to improve the quality characters of the objective pop- ulations and breed favourable male sterile restorer lines of B. napus.

Flowering Characteristics of Japonica Rice Male Sterile Lines Adaptive to High Temperature and Summer Drought

[Objective] This study was conducted to screen japonica rice male sterile lines with good flowering characteristics under high temperature and summer drought. [Method] The flowering habits of 23 japonica male sterile lines, such as flowering peak, single-panicle flowering duration, single-plant flowering duration, en- closed glume rate, glume-opening angle, the distance between glumes, stigma exer- tion rate and sigma vitality, were compared with II-32A as a control under above weather condition. [Result] The flowering characteristics had significant difference a- mong the tested rice lines. Compared with the control, three japonica rice male ster- ile lines 35478A, 35489A and 35502A had better flowering traits, such as earlier flowering peak, longer single-panicle flowering duration, longer single-plant flowering duration, lower rate of enclosed glumes, larger glume angle and larger distance be- tween glumes. 35478A performed its flowering peak from 10：00-11：00 am, 1.5 h earlier than the control; 35489A exhibited higher stigma exertion rate, up to 76.23%; and 35502A had higher stigma vitality, up to 84.68%, which kept longer time than that of the CK. [Conclusion] The results will provide high-quality resources for the breeding of new japonica rice varieties with high-yield and high-temperature toler- ance.

Characterization of Reverse Thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines in Cold Regions of China

Yannong S, a reverse thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） line, is sterile at high temperature and fertile at low temperature. In the present study, the fertility of Yannong S and the japonica reverse TGMS lines derived from it was in- vestigated in Harbin, Heilongjiang from 2013 to 2015. The results showed that Yan- nong S was completely male sterile in July and August （the hottest months of the year in Harbin）, and the seed setting rate of bagged panicles was 0. We also in- ferred that the critical temperature for inducing the sterility of Yannong S was higher than 28 ℃. Most of the japonica reverse TGMS lines derived from Yannong S were completely aborted in July and August, with a seed setting rate of 0. It can be con- cluded that the reverse TGMS lines derived from Yannong S are genetically stable lines that have a long period of sterility in cold regions, so they may be the ideal genetic materials for the development and in-situ seed production of japonica hybrid rice.

Effect of High Temperature on Outcrossing Characteristics at the Fertility Sensitive Period of Photo-thermo Sensitive Genic Male Sterile (PTGMS) Rice Lines

Four sterile lines （Peiai64S, Y58S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S） and the restoring line R527 were used as materials. Five temperature gradients （24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ in artificial climate chamber） and the natural temperature （as control） were treated to the four sterile lines for 6 d in the fertility sensitive period of heading to flowering stage, respectively, to study the effects of temperature on physiological biochemical characteristics of young panicles and outcrossing characteristics. The results showed that the percentages of exerted stigma of Peiai 64S and Y58S were the highest at 27 ℃, which were 86.81% and 86.06%, respectively, while the percentages of exerted stigma of Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the highest at 24 ℃, which were 76.24% and 81.76%, respectively; the stigma viability of Peiai 64S, Y58S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the best at 24 ℃, which were 1.96, 2.12, 1.74 and 1.94, respectively; the outcrossing rates of Peiai 64S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the highest at 24 ℃, which were 58.87%, 54.22% and 50.50%, respectively, while the outcrossing rate of Y58S was the highest at 27 ℃, which was 58.96%; and the contents of peroxidase （POD） of the four sterile lines increased significantly at 33 ℃ compared with the control, while the contents of malondialdehyde （MDA） and proline increased significantly at 36 ℃ compared with the control. There were differences in temperature sensitivity between the male sterile lines, and the 24 ℃ treatment during the sensitive period was the best for the fertility sensitive period of Peiai 64S, while 27 ℃ was the best temperature for Y58S, Gangzhan 63-2S and H638S.