Chronic active and atrophic gastritis as significant contributing factor to the development of gastric cystica profunda

Gastric cystica profunda(GCP)is an uncommon but underestimated gastric lesion.Its precancerous potential determines its significance.In addition to previous mucosa injury due to operations,biopsy or polypectomy,chronic active and atrophic gastritis may also lead to the development of GCPs.By carefully examining the stomach and taking biopsy samples from the susceptible regions,the stage of atrophy can be determined.Chronic atrophic gastritis is a risk factor for cancer evolvement and it can also contribute to GCPs formation.GCPs frequently occur close to early gastric cancers(EGCs)or EGC can arise from the cystic glands.Endoscopic resection is an effective and minimally invasive treat-ment in GCP.

Optimal Operation of Multipurpose Reservoir for Irrigation Planning with Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater

In the present study, a Linear Programming (LP) model is developed for the conjunctive use of surface water and ground water to obtain the optimal operating policy for a multipurpose single reservoir. The objective of the present study is to maximize the net benefit from the command area under consideration. The constraints imposed on the objective function are maximum and minimum irrigation demands, reservoir storages and canal capacity. The model takes into account the continuity constraint which includes inflows in to the reservoir, releases for irrigation, releases for hydro-power generation, evaporation losses, feeder canal releases, initial and final storages in the reservoir in each time period. The developed model is applied to the case study of Jayakwadi reservoir stage-I, built across river Godavari, Maharashtra, India. Initially the model is solved for the availability of surface water which results in net benefit of 3373.45 million rupees with irrigation intensity is 57.07%. Next the model solved by considering the availability of surface water and available potential of groundwater in the area, which results in net benefits of 3590.02 million rupees with an intensity of irrigation 58.48%. The present model takes in to account the socio-economic requirement of growing the essential crops to meet the requirement of the society. The model has also generated the canal wise optimal releases for irrigation and power, monthly utilization of groundwater, storages in the reservoir at the end of every month and corresponding head over the turbine.

A Computational Synthesis Approach of Mechanical Conceptual Design Based on Graph Theory and Polynomial Operation

The design synthesis is the key issue in the mechanical conceptual design to generate the design candidates that meet the design requirements.This paper devotes to propose a novel and computable synthesis approach of mechanisms based on graph theory and polynomial operation.The graph framework of the synthesis approach is built firstly,and it involves:(1)the kinematic function units extracted from mechanisms;(2)the kinematic link graph that transforms the synthesis problem from mechanical domain into graph domain;(3)two graph representations,i.e.,walk representation and path representation,of design candidates;(4)a weighted matrix theorem that transforms the synthesis process into polynomial operation.Then,the formulas and algorithm to the polynomial operation are presented.Based on them,the computational flowchart to the synthesis approach is summarized.A design example is used to validate and illustrate the synthesis approach in detail.The proposed synthesis approach is not only supportive to enumerate the design candidates to the conceptual design of a mechanical system exhaustively and automatically,but also helpful to make that enumeration process computable.

Update understanding on diagnosis and histopathological examination of atrophic gastritis:A review

Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is a complex syndrome in which long-term chronic inflammatory stimulation causes gland atrophy in the gastric mucosa,reducing the stomach's ability to secrete gastric juice and pepsin,and interfering with its normal physiological function.Multiple pathogenic factors contribute to CAG incidence,the most common being Helicobacter pylori infection and the immune reactions resulting from gastric autoimmunity.Furthermore,CAG has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations,including gastroenterology and extraintestinal symptoms and signs,such as hematology,neurology,and oncology.Therefore,the initial CAG evaluation should involve the examination of clinical and serological indicators,as well as diagnosis confirmation via gastroscopy and histopathology if necessary.Depending on the severity and scope of atrophy affecting the gastric mucosa,a histologic staging system(Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment or Operative Link on Gastritis intestinal metaplasia)could also be employed.Moreover,chronic gastritis has a higher risk of progressing to gastric cancer(GC).In this regard,early diagnosis,treatment,and regular testing could reduce the risk of GC in CAG patients.However,the optimal interval for endoscopic monitoring in CAG patients remains uncertain,and it should ideally be tailored based on individual risk evaluations and shared decision-making processes.Although there have been many reports on CAG,the precise etiology and histopathological features of the disease,as well as the diagnosis of CAG patients,are yet to be fully elucidated.Consequently,this review offers a detailed account of CAG,including its key clinical aspects,aiming to enhance the overall understanding of the disease.

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHM OF MINIMUM COST SPANNING TREE

This paper provides a method of producing a minimum cost spanning tree (MCST) using set operations. It studies the data structure for implementation of set operations and the algorithm to be applied to this structure and proves the correctness and the complexity of the algorithm. This algorithm uses the FDG (formula to divide elements into groups) to sort (the FDG sorts a sequence of n elements in expected tir O(n)) and uses the method of path compression to find and to unite. Therefore. n produces an MCST of an undirected network having n vertices and e edges in expected time O(eG(n)).

Identification of Key Links in Electric Power Operation Based-Spatiotemporal Mixing Convolution Neural Network

As the scale of the power system continues to expand,the environment for power operations becomes more and more complex.Existing risk management and control methods for power operations can only set the same risk detection standard and conduct the risk detection for any scenario indiscriminately.Therefore,more reliable and accurate security control methods are urgently needed.In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of the operation risk management and control method,this paper proposes a method for identifying the key links in the whole process of electric power operation based on the spatiotemporal hybrid convolutional neural network.To provide early warning and control of targeted risks,first,the video stream is framed adaptively according to the pixel changes in the video stream.Then,the optimized MobileNet is used to extract the feature map of the video stream,which contains both time-series and static spatial scene information.The feature maps are combined and non-linearly mapped to realize the identification of dynamic operating scenes.Finally,training samples and test samples are produced by using the whole process image of a power company in Xinjiang as a case study,and the proposed algorithm is compared with the unimproved MobileNet.The experimental results demonstrated that the method proposed in this paper can accurately identify the type and start and end time of each operation link in the whole process of electric power operation,and has good real-time performance.The average accuracy of the algorithm can reach 87.8%,and the frame rate is 61 frames/s,which is of great significance for improving the reliability and accuracy of security control methods.

Comparison of operative link for gastritis assessment, operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment, and TAIM stagings among men with atrophic gastritis

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the world’s third most lethal malignancy. Most gastric cancers develop through precancerous states of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Two staging systems, operative link for gastritis assessment(OLGA)and operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment(OLGIM), have been developed to detect high gastric cancer risk. European guidelines recommend surveillance for high-risk OLGA/OLGIM patients(stages Ⅲ–Ⅳ),and for those with advanced stage of atrophic gastritis in the whole stomach mucosa. We hypothesize, that by combining atrophy and intestinal metaplasia into one staging named TAIM, more patients with increased gastric cancer risk could be detected.AIM To evaluate the clinical value of the OLGA, OLGIM, and novel TAIM stagings as prognostic indicators for gastric cancer.METHODS In the Helsinki Gastritis Study, 22346 elderly male smokers from southwestern Finland were screened for serum pepsinogen I(PGI). Between the years 1989 and1993, men with low PGI values(PGI < 25 μg/L), were invited to undergo an oesophagogastroduodenoscopy. In this retrospective cohort study, 1147 men that underwent gastroscopy were followed for gastric cancer for a median of 13.7 years, and a maximum of 27.3 years. We developed a new staging system, TAIM,by combining the topography with the severity of atrophy or intestinal metaplasia in gastric biopsies. In TAIM staging, the gastric cancer risk is classified as low or high.RESULTS Twenty-eight gastric cancers were diagnosed during the follow-up, and the incidence rate was 1.72 per 1000 patient-years. The cancer risk associated positively with TAIM [Hazard ratio(HR) 2.70, 95%CI: 1.09–6.69, P = 0.03]. The risk increased through OLGIM stages 0-Ⅳ(0 vs Ⅳ: HR 5.72, 95%CI: 1.03–31.77, P for trend = 0.004), but not through OLGA stages 0–Ⅳ(0 vs Ⅳ: HR 5.77, 95%CI:0.67–49.77, P for trend = 0.10). The sensitivities of OLGA and OLGIM stages Ⅲ–Ⅳ were low, 21% and 32%, respectively, whereas that of TAIM high-risk was good, 79%. On the contrary, OLGA and OLGIM had high specificity, 85% and81%, respectively, but TAIM showed low specificity, 42%. In all three staging systems, the high-risk men had three-to four-times higher gastric cancer risk compared to the general male population of the same age.CONCLUSION OLGIM and TAIM stagings show prognostic value in assessing gastric cancer risk in elderly male smokers with atrophic gastritis.

Lamb’s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule plus celecoxib reverses intestinal metaplasia and atrophy:A retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND Chronic atrophic gastritis(AG)with intestinal metaplasia(IM)significantly increases the risk of gastric cancer.Some medicines have showed definite therapeutic effects in AG and IM regression.AIM To validate the efficacy of Lamb’s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule(LTEVB12)initial therapy and celecoxib rescue therapy for IM and AG.METHODS A total of 255 patients were included to receive LTEVB12 initial therapy(2 capsules each time,three times daily for 6 mo)in hospital in this study.The patients with failure of IM regression continued to receive celecoxib rescue therapy(200 mg,once daily for 6 mo).After each therapy finished,the patients underwent endoscopy and biopsy examination.The regression efficiency was assessed by the operative link on gastritis assessment(OLGA)and the operative link on the gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment(OLGIM)staging system.Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify factors associated with the curative effect.RESULTS For LTEVB12 initial therapy,the reversal rates of IM and AG were 52.95%and 48.24%,respectively.Analogously,for celecoxib rescue therapy,the effective rates for IM and AG were 56.25%and 51.56%,respectively.The IM regression rate of complete therapy was up to 85.03%.In different OLGA and OLGIM stages of IM patients,therapeutic efficiency showed a significant difference in each group(P<0.05).For both therapies,patients with high stages(III or IV)of both the OLGA and OLGIM evaluation systems showed a higher IM or AG regression rate than those with low stages(I or II).Among patients with high stages(OLGIM III and IV),the IM regression rate was above 70%for each therapy.Eating habits,fresh vegetable intake,and high-salt diet were identified as independent factors for the IM reversal effect of LTEVB12 therapy,especially high-salt diet(odds ratio=1.852,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Monotherapy could reverse IM and AG.LTEVB12 initial therapy and celecoxib rescue therapy significantly increase the regression effect.IM may not be the point of no return among gastric precancerous lesions.

Q-Switching Pulse Operation in 1.5-μm Region Using Copper Nanoparticles as Saturable Absorber

We demonstrate a passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser （EDFL） using a copper nanoparticle （CuNP） thin film as the saturable absorber in a ring cavity. A stable Q-switched pulse operation is observed as the CuNP saturable absorber （SA） is introduced in the cavity. The pulse repetition rate of the EDFL is observed to be proportional to the pump power, and is limited to 101.2kHz by the maximum pump power of 113.7mW. On the other hand, the pulse width reduces from 10.19μs to 4.28μs as the pump power is varied from 26.1 mW to 113.7mW. The findings suggest that CuNP SA could be useful as a potential saturable absorber for the development of the robust, compact, efficient and low cost Q-switched fiber laser operating at 1.5-μm region.

Impacts of climate change mitigation on agriculture water use:A provincial analysis in China

Agriculture consumes huge amounts of water in China and is profoundly affected by climate change.This study projects the agricultural water use towards 2030 under the climate change mitigation target at the provincial level in China by linking a computable general equilibrium(CGE)model and a regression model.By solving the endogeneities amongst agricultural water use,output and climate factors,we explore how these variables affect water use and further predict future trends through soft-link with the IMED|CGE model.It is found that sunshine duration has a slightly positive impact on water use.Furthermore,agricultural output will significantly drive agricultural water use based on historical data of the past 16 years.Results also show that carbon reduction would have a trade-offor co-benefit effect on water use due to regional disparity.Provinces with increasing agricultural exports,such as Xinjiang and Ningxia,would anticipate considerable growth in agricultural water use induced by carbon reduction.The soft-link method proposed by this study could be applied for future studies that aim to incorporate natural and geographical factors into human activities,and vice versa,for assessing sustainable development policies in an integrated way.

The Study of Students-centered English Teaching at Colleges

The lack of communicative efficiency among students is still an important problem in China’s English teaching circle.Learner-centered language teaching and learning approach proposed by Nunan and Breenin 1980 s is the best one to solve the problem. This paper briefly presents the approach and mainly talks about how to apply the approach in the authentic teaching and learning situation. The adoption of this method will definitely promote the English teaching reform in China.Key words: linking adverbials; Chinese EFL learners; use;

Analysis and Dynamics of Illicit Drug Use Described by Fractional Derivative with Mittag-Leffler Kernel

Illicit drug use is a significant problem that causes great material and moral losses and threatens the future of the society.For this reason,illicit drug use and related crimes are the most significant criminal cases examined by scientists.This paper aims at modeling the illegal drug use using the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative with Mittag-Leffler kernel.Also,in this work,the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the fractional-order Illicit drug use model are discussed via Picard-Lindelöf theorem which provides successive approximations using a convergent sequence.Then the stability analysis for both disease-free and endemic equilibrium states is conducted.A numerical scheme based on the known Adams-Bashforth method is designed in fractional form to approximate the novel Atangana-Baleanu fractional operator of order 0<a≤1.Finally,numerical simulation results based on different values of fractional order,which also serve as control parameter,are presented to justify the theoretical findings.

Measuring Social Capital Linkage： The Role of the State-Based Voluntary Professional Association

This paper discusses the nature of the Australian bus and coach representative environment and the role of the state-based voluntary professional association （SBVPA）. A literature review associated with memberships to which businesses subscribe for representation and linking social capital is presented, as well as a discussion on agency theory that possibly explains the member/association dynamic. The results of an Australia-wide survey of bus operators, which measures the extent of linking social capital between themselves and their SBVPA, are revealed. It is found that one state with consistently higher results may possess a competitive advantage in the form of a partnership agreement with the State Government Authority--an agreement that rests on co-operation and facilitates social capital. This evidence could contribute to the global narrative on how non-profit associations can be a mechanism for institutionalising social capital, sustain a firm＇s operation and encourage governments to increase their use of non-profit associations, as agents of government, to achieve public policy outcomes.

ENERGY EMBODIED IN,AND TRANSMITTED THROUGH,WALLS OF DIFFERENT TYPES WHEN ACCOUNTING FOR THE DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF THERMAL MASS

Embodied energy is a measure of the energy used in producing,transporting and assembling the materials for a building.Operational energy is the energy used to moderate the indoor environment to make it functional or comfortable-primarily,to heat or cool the building.For many building geometries,the walls make the most significant contribution to the embodied energy of the building,and they are also the path of greatest heat loss or gain through the fabric,as they often have a greater surface area than the roof or floor.Adding insulation reduces the heat flow through the wall,reducing the energy used during operation,but this adds to the embodied energy.The operational energy is not only a function of the wall buildup,but also depends on the climate,occupancy pattern,and heating strategy,making an optimisation for minimum overall energy use non-trivial.This study presents a comparison of typical wall construction types and heating strategies in a temperate maritime climate.The transient energy ratio method is a means to abstract the heat flow through the walls(operational energy for heating),allowing assessment of the influence of walls in isolation(i.e.in a general sense,without being restricted to particular building geometries).Three retrofit scenarios for a solid wall are considered.At very low U-values,overall energy use can increase as the embodied energy can exceed the operational energy;current best practice walls coupled with low building lifetimes mean that this point may be reached in the near future.Substantial uncertainty is present in existing embodied energy data,and given its contribution to total energy use,this is a topic of urgent concern.

Win32环境下的多线程同步技术的研究

由于多线程同步技术是当今软件开发中的一项重要技术,所以在许多软件中得到广泛的应用。针对目前Win32环境下几种常用的线程同步技术进行了详细的研究,分析了它们各自的特点,总结了各种线程同步技术的应用场合。为了能够进一步提高多线程同步技术的执行效率,文中在此基础上,提出了一种利用链表对现有的线程同步技术进行改进的方法。改进后的算法较好地解决了CPU时间片的浪费问题,提高了CPU时间片的利用率。

凹凸性混合的非线性Schrdinger方程解的存在性定理

讨论非线性Ｓｃｈｒｄｉｎｇｅｒ方程－Δｕ＋ｑ（ｘ）ｕ＝λｕ＋Ｐ（ｘ）｜ｕ｜ｐ－１ｕ＋Ｑ（ｘ）｜ｕ｜α－１ｕｘ∈ＲＮ的多解存在性，其中ｑ（ｘ）满足周期性，Ｐ（ｘ），Ｑ（ｘ）是满足一定条件的连续函数，λ∈Ｒ落在－Δ＋ｑ的谱隙（ｓｐｅｃｔｒａｌｇａｐ）中，０＜α＜Ｎ－２Ｎ＋２＜１＜ｐ＜Ｎ＋２Ｎ－２．

M-LINK在通信系统仿真中的设计与实现

为了解决SystemView软件传统的设计方法对于现代复杂通信系统仿真不能灵活处理的问题,文中引入了一种联合仿真的方法,解决了SystemView在矩阵运算设计方面的不足,降低了仿真设计的复杂度。该方法通过调用Matlab编写的M-LINK库,将SystemView中的信号转化为矩阵,并处理矩阵运算。仿真中给出了各项参数设置,比较了传统方法和联合仿真方法,结果表明在需要进行矩阵运算仿真的情况下,联合仿真方法具有很强的灵活性,且更加容易实现,大大节约了设计时间。

Windows NT/2000/XP环境下访问底层I/O端口的方法

不同于Windows 9x/ME操作系统,Windows NT/2000/XP对硬件实现了屏蔽,对I/O端口实行了严格控制,用户不能对底层I/O端口进行直接访问。论文基于利用PortTalk驱动,开发了对I/O端口直接访问的动态链接库,从而成功解决应用软件访问底层物理端口的问题,并用实例说明了该动态库的调用方法。

Operative link on gastritis assessment stage is an appropriate predictor of early gastric cancer

AIM: To assess the predictive value of Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) and Operative Link on Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia Assessment (OLGIM) stages in gastric cancer.METHODS: A prospective study was conducted with 71 patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) and 156 patients with non-EGC. All patients underwent endoscopic examination and systematic biopsy. Outcome measures were assessed and compared, including the Japanese endoscopic gastric atrophy (EGA) classification method and the modified OLGA method as well as the modified OLGIM method. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) status was determined for all study participants. Stepwise logistic regression modeling was performed to analyze correlations between EGC and the EGA, OLGA and OLGIM methods.RESULTS: For patients with EGC and patients with non-EGC, the proportions of moderate-to-severe EGA cases were 64.8% and 44.9%, respectively (P = 0.005), the proportions of OLGA stages III-IV cases were 52.1% and 22.4%, respectively (P &#x0003c; 0.001), and the proportions of OLGIM stages III-IV cases were 42.3% and 19.9%, respectively (P &#x0003c; 0.001). OLGA stage and OLGIM stage were significantly related to EGA classification; specifically, logistic regression modeling showed significant correlations between EGC and moderate-to-severe EGA (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.06-3.58, P = 0.031) and OLGA stages III-IV (OR = 3.14, 95%CI: 1.71-5.81, P &#x0003c; 0.001), but no significant correlation between EGC and OLGIM stages III-IV (P = 0.781). H. pylori infection rate was significantly higher in patients with moderate-to-severe EGA (75.0% vs 54.1%, P = 0.001) or OLGA/OLGIM stages III-IV (OLGA: 83.6% vs 55.8%, P &#x0003c; 0.001; OLGIM: 83.6% vs 57.8%, P &#x0003c; 0.001).CONCLUSION: OLGA classification is optimal for EGC screening. A surveillance program including OLGA stage and H. pylori infection status may facilitate early detection of gastric cancer.