Determining the Optimal Parameters of an Advanced Linter Machine

In this article, research was conducted to improve Linter machines that remove short fibers remaining in ginned cotton seeds at cotton ginneries. The study examined the effect of changing the dimensions of the brush drum, guide and mesh surface in the cleaning device proposed for the linting machine on the movement of the peg and the cleaning efficiency, and the highest level of efficiency in separating impurities from the peg was determined. During the study, the main factors influencing the effective operation of the improved linting machine were identified, the limits of their values were determined, and studies were carried out using the mathematical modeling method. As a result, at the values of the given coefficients, efficient operation of the improved linting machine was observed, that is, the lint cleaning efficiency reached 55.1%.

桑黄(Phellinus linteus)水溶多糖提取技术研究

采用超声波+复合酶法预处理对Phellinuslinteus子实体水溶多糖进行提取,并对提取多糖成分差异进行初步分析。采用超声波技术预处理桑黄子实体,利用正交实验研究了料液比、时间、功率各因素对桑黄多糖得率的影响;在超声波优化结果基础上,进行纤维素酶+木瓜蛋白酶法处理,研究了纤维素酶用量、处理时间、木瓜蛋白酶用量、处理时间各因素对多糖得率的影响。研究表明:在料液比1:20、超声波(400W、20min)和纤维素酶(0.8%、pH5.5、45℃、60min)、木瓜蛋白酶(2%、pH5.5、50℃、120min)双重预处理条件下,再进行多糖提取,多糖得率最高。研究表明采用超声波+复合酶法预处理方法提取多糖,与传统的热水提取法相比,极大提高了提取效率,为Phellinuslinteus多糖的产业化打下了基础。

基于持续集成的PC-Lint静态检查

PC-Lint是一款历史悠久、使用广泛的静态代码检查工具。为了保证C/C++软件产品的质量,许多软件开发组织都把PC-Lint检查作为代码走查的第一道工序。PC-Lint工具提供了大量的检查选项,需要合理地配置检查选项,从而减少误报,提高查错、排错的效率。通过四个常用类型的应用实例,详细叙述了PC-Lint工具在各种应用和开发环境中lnt文件配置方法。详细叙述了基于持续集成PC-Lint的静态检查方法,以Clear Case作为软件配置管理工具,将PC-Lint静态检查工具集成到持续集成工具ICP-CI上,对C/C++软件模块进行静态检查,有助于发现更多的源代码缺陷。最后介绍了PC-Lint静态检查的应用案例。长期的工作实践表明,进行PC-Lint静态检查有助于及时发现C/C++软件代码的各种缺陷,从而提高软件代码的质量和降低软件开发的成本。

基于Lint的Android布局性能检测方法

使用Hierarchy Viewer工具,可以从可视化的角度直观地获得用户界面布局设计结构和各种属性的信息,然而由于Android自身安全性的局限,特别是动态界面渲染性能检测效果尤为不佳。因此,文章提出一种布局性能检测方法,基于成熟的Lint工具,对各类布局资源进行代码注入,得到布局加载过程中相关的性能监测点,再以XML报告的形式返回给用户。

新型掉毛掉粉测试仪-Lintview Tester

探讨了掉毛掉粉测试仪的测试原理、软件功能及测试结果影响因素,并举例说明仪器的应用情况。作为一款新型的自动测试仪器,消除了人为操作误差,为掉毛掉粉的控制和研究提供了有力的工具。

Fiber damage of machine-harvested cotton before ginning and after lint cleaning

Machine harvesting increases the foreign matter content of seed cotton. Excessive cleaning causes fiber damage and economic loss. Most trading companies in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China have indicated reluctance to use machine-harvested cotton. The first objective was to determine how the fiber quality was affected by the ginning and lint cleaning and how the fiber damage during levels of lint cleaning changed. The second objective was to determine the optimum number of lint cleaners for machine-harvested cotton based on fiber damage. Cotton samples were collected from 13 fields and processed in seven ginneries between 2013 and 2015. The results indicated that ginning and lint cleaning didn＇t have significant effect on fiber strength and significantly affected both fiber length and short fiber index. Fiber length was reduced by more than 1.00 mm from six of 13 fields after lint cleaning, then the damage rate on short fiber index from 11 of 13 fields was more than 20%. The third lint cleaning caused great fiber damage, reducing fiber length by 0.35 mm and increasing short fiber index by 0.65%. So, the lint should be cleaned by one lint cleaner in the Xinjiang, however, the stage of lint cleaning was sometimes omitted when the foreign matter content of lint was little.

Genetics and Expression of the Brown Lint Gene in Colored Cotton

The major cotton grown commercially in the world is white lint,but recently many people prefer to have garments made by natural colored cotton.This can be used directly in textile industries,avoiding the complicated and unsafe processes of bleaching and dying,and thus it is eco-friendly.However,little is known about the heredity of the colored lint gene in colored cotton.In the present study,

海陆杂交长绒棉棉铃、纤维品质性状及相关性分析

【目的】明确海陆杂交长绒棉的棉铃、纤维品质性状及相关性,为选育高产海陆杂交长绒棉提供参考依据。【方法】以自主选育的抗虫陆地棉种质系为母本、生产上推广应用的新疆长绒海岛棉品种为父本,配制海陆杂交棉新组合,分析23个海陆杂交棉组合F1代的棉铃、纤维品质性状以及相关性。【结果】23个海陆杂交棉组合F1代单铃重变幅为3.7~5.0 g,单铃重超过4.2 g的组合有12个,变异系数为9.0%;衣分变幅为20.1%~36.7%,衣分超过30.0%的组合有5个,变异系数为10.7%。不同组合F1代纤维长度变幅为34.5~38.5 mm,纤维长度在35.0 mm以上的组合有22个,变异系数为2.6%;纤维比强度变幅为34.8~41.8 cN/tex,纤维比强度超过39.0 cN/tex的组合有9个,变异系数为5.3%;马克隆值变幅为2.8~4.2,马克隆值A级的组合有10个,变异系数为11.8%。海陆杂交棉的单铃重与不孕籽率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.683**)、与每囊粒数呈极显著正相关(r=0.660**)、与每铃囊数呈显著正相关(r=0.495*);海陆杂交棉的纤维整齐度与纤维长度、纤维比强度呈极显著正相关(r=0.578**、r=0.639**),与伸长率呈显著正相关(r=0.506*);衣分与纤维长度呈显著负相关(r=-0.475*)。在23个海陆杂交棉组合中,W042×新海53号、W046×新海54号、W047×新海54号的棉铃性状与纤维品质性状已呈现同步改良。【结论】利用陆地棉与长绒海岛棉的杂交互补优势,可以实现长绒棉产量性状与纤维品质性状的同步改良。

Constructing a high-density linkage map for Gossypium hirsutum × Gossypium barbadense and identifying QTLs for lint percentage

To introgress the good fiber quality and yield from Gossypium barbadense into a commercial Upland cotton variety, a high‐density simple sequence repeat （SSR） genetic linkage map was developed from a BC1F1 population of Gossypium hirsutum × Gossypium barbadense. The map com-prised 2,292 loci and covered 5115.16 centiMorgan （cM） of the cotton AD genome, with an average marker interval of 2.23 cM. Of the marker order for 1,577 common loci on this new map, 90.36% agrees well with the marker order on the D genome sequence genetic map. Compared with five pub-lished high‐density SSR genetic maps, 53.14% of marker loci were newly discovered in this map. Twenty‐six quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for lint percentage （LP） were identified on nine chromosomes. Nine stable or common QTLs could be used for marker‐assisted selection. Fifty percent of the QTLs were from G. barbadense and increased LP by 1.07%–2.41%. These results indicated that the map could be used for screening chromosome substitution segments from G. barbadense in the Upland cotton background, identifying QTLs or genes from G. barbadense, and further developing the gene pyramiding effect for improving fiber yield and quality.

阿尔斯通新一代CORADIA^(TM) Lint动车组及其内燃牵引系统

阿尔斯通公司新研发的CORADIA Lint动车组系列深受客户青睐。在牵引方式、传动装置和节能方法上,Lint系列动车组都进行了改进,优势更加明显,市场前景更加广阔。本文介绍了新一代CORADIA Lint系列内燃动车组的现状和发展方向,并介绍了进一步改进以内燃机为动力的铁道机车车辆经济性的可行性。

苏州中南中心工程桩永临结合坡道设计与施工

超深基坑安全与施工进度息息相关,土方开挖与转运速度是基坑施工进度的重要影响因素。苏州中南中心项目利用前期工程试桩、试验锚桩及一柱一桩永临结合作为临时运输坡道竖向支撑,节约深基坑土方开挖过程中转土、吊土时间,有效加快施工进度,确保基坑安全,同时节约成本,取得良好综合效益。

德国铁路订购28列coradia LINT内燃动车组

德国铁路集团所属的一家地区铁路运输公司Wesffalen与法国Alstom公司签订了一份总价额为6000万欧元、购买28列Coradia LINT内燃动车组的合同。这些动车组将由Alstom公司在德国萨尔茨吉特的工厂制造,交付日期为2005年3月至9月。 根据担当的运营线路的不同,Coradia

Study of Cotton Seeds as a Processing Material

The purpose of this research is to improve the qualitative and quantitative indicators of fiber, lint and seeds by improving the technology of preparing cotton seeds for processing. The state of the seeds after the gin was studied and their division into fractions according to the degree of pubescence was recommended, the probabilities of the seeds emerging from the gin with varying degrees of pubescence were investigated, the geometric sizes and shapes of cotton seeds were studied. It has been established that when seeds come out of gin, they have different pubescence. The conditional movement of seeds without separation from the surface has been determined;found a formula describing the movement of seeds without detaching from the surface;the movement of seeds in a micro-flight is determined;the sizes of the cells of the mesh surface were determined as a function of d_c, α and on the speed of seed movement. The aim of the research work is to increase the yield of cotton fiber by improving the processing technology of germinated seeds, to improve the quality indicators of seeds and lint. In order to achieve this goal, a mesh surface device was created to sort the seeds into fractions. Sorting technology was developed on this device and operating modes were determined. In addition, the law of surface distribution of the fractions separated from the cotton stream moving along the surface of the net was determined, and based on the results of practical and theoretical research, a mode of sorting of cotton seeds was developed.

Assembly and phylogenomic analysis of cotton mitochondrial genomes provide insights into the history of cotton evolution

Cotton is a major crop that provides the most important renewable textile fibers in the world.Studies of the taxonomy and evolution of cotton species have received wide attentions,not only due to cotton’s economic value but also due to the fact that Gossypium is an ideal model system to study the origin,evolution,and cultivation of polyploid species.Previous studies suggested the involvement of mitochondrial genome editing sites and copy number as well as mitochondrial functions in cotton fiber elongation.Whereas,with only a few mitogenomes assembled in the cotton genus Gossypium,our knowledge about their roles in cotton evolution and speciation is still scarce.To close this gap,here we assembled 20 mitogenomes from 15 cotton species spanning all the cotton clades(A–G,K,and AD genomes)and 5 cotton relatives using short and long sequencing reads.Systematic analyses uncovered a high level of mitochondrial gene sequence conservation,abundant sequence repeats and many insertions of foreign sequences,as well as extensive structural variations in cotton mitogenomes.The sequence repeats and foreign sequences caused significant mitogenome size inflation in Gossypium and its close relative Kokia in general,while there is no significant difference between the lint and fuzz cotton mitogenomes in terms of gene content,RNA editing,and gene expression level.Interestingly,we further revealed the specific presence and expression of two novel mitochondrial open reading frames(ORFs)in lint-fiber cotton species.Finally,these structural features and novel ORFs help us gain valuable insights into the history of cotton evolution and polyploidization and the origin of species producing long lint fibers from a mitogenomic perspective.

Environmental Impact Assessment of Cotton Ginning Agricultural Machinery

This paper realizes the hazards of chromium contamination and pollution caused in the use of chrome composite leather-clad(CCLC)rollers commonly used in cotton roller ginning industries and attempts to eliminate the chromium contamination and pollution during this environmental impact assessment(EIA)process.The cotton roller ginning process is the mechanical separation of cotton fibres from their seeds by means of one or more rollers to which fibres adhere while the seeds are impeded and struck off or pulled loose.Most of the cotton ginning operations are done using roller gins.The CCLC roller coverings contain about 18,000 to 30,000 mg/kg(ppm)as total chromium of trivalent and hexavalent forms which are toxic to human health.When the seed-cotton is ginned,due to the persistent rubbing of CCLC rollers over the fixed knives,the cotton and its products get contaminated with the total chromium of trivalent and hexavalent forms.Gin mill workers are exposed to the cotton dust and chromium pollution and are susceptible to health hazards such as premature death,cancer,byssinosis,and ulcers in cotton ginning air environment since toxic effects are produced by prolonged contact with airborne or solid or liquid chromium compounds even in small quantities.Noise pollution of agricultural ginning machinery in seed-cotton ginning mills has been found out to be 102-103 dB(A)decibel levels.To offset this problem,pollution-free rubberized cotton fabric(RCF)eco-friendly rollers for both the laboratory and commercial studies have been designed,fabricated and used in experiments in rollers gins.This nullifies chromium contamination and pollution during the complete process.Cotton technological parameters are well proven for commercial acceptance.

转1174AALdico-2+CTP耐草甘膦优异棉花种质系的创制及其特性

【目的】棉田杂草是限制棉花生长的因素之一,与棉花争夺营养、水分和光照,不仅影响棉花的生长发育,还影响棉花的产量和品质。通过基因工程途径培育高耐草甘膦优异棉花种质,实现棉田间化学除草,提高植棉的经济效益。【方法】将来源于耐辐射奇球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans)的EPSPS基因1174AALdico-2连接叶绿体转运肽,以35S为启动子,将2个目的基因串联后构建棉花转化载体。运用农杆菌活体转化技术,将目的基因导入棉花品种中棉所49,获得阳性转化体植株。以受体材料中棉所49和转化体自交分离得到的非转基因NON为对照,对转化体植株进行分子特征检测、草甘膦耐受性鉴定、农艺性状和经济性状等综合评价,以筛选出优良的转基因耐草甘膦棉花材料。【结果】通过农杆菌活体转化方法获得138个阳性转化体,对转化体植株进行目的基因PCR检测、Southern blot、Western blot分析和ELISA检测,从中筛选出17个分子特征明确、外源基因表达量高的阳性转化体。Southern blot和核苷酸测序结果表明,转化体插入位点和拷贝数各不相同,其中,ZD131、ZD185和ZD207等3个转化体为单拷贝插入位点,外源基因插入位点分别位于棉花D亚组第7染色体、D亚组第13染色体和A亚组第12染色体。草甘膦耐受性鉴定结果表明,17个阳性转化体均高耐草甘膦,其中ZD131、ZD185和ZD207等3个转化体的耐受性在3个世代之间稳定遗传,可耐4倍的田间草甘膦推荐剂量。农艺性状和经济性状评估结果表明,ZD131、ZD185和ZD207等3个转化体植株生长发育正常,表现出铃大、衣分高、结铃性强等特点,皮棉产量超过对照,纤维品质达到优质棉水平。【结论】将来源于耐辐射奇球菌的EPSPS基因1174AALdico-2与叶绿体转运肽连接,多基因串联后构建转化载体,农杆菌活体转化技术转入中棉所49,通过一系列筛选后获得3份优良的转基因耐草甘膦材料ZD131、ZD185和ZD207,该方法在提高棉花耐草甘膦水平的同时,也提高了转基因材料的农艺和经济性状。

纬编起绒面料性能研究

分别选用细旦腈纶、德绒、木代尔、细旦涤纶以及氨纶为原料,通过拉绒、刷绒的起绒方式制备3种双罗纹起绒面料以及1种单面集圈起绒面料。测试分析面料基本参数及硬挺性能、顶破性能、悬垂性能、热湿性能、透气性能、抗起毛起球性能、水洗后尺寸稳定性、落毛率、蓬松性能等。结果表明:细旦腈纶、黏胶、涤纶(20∶20∶60)紧密赛络纺色纱与细旦涤纶长丝+氨纶交织编织制备的双罗纹起绒面料的柔软性能、热湿舒适性能较优,精梳长绒棉纱与氨纶交织的双罗纹起绒面料的抗起毛起球性能较好,单面起绒面料的落毛率较少,为起绒面料的开发提供参考。

长绒棉皮棉清理机的试验与应用

新疆长绒棉是我国高端纺织市场中的主要原材料,近年来长绒棉种植面积因人工采收成本的增加而逐渐减少。长绒棉机械采收含杂率较高,现有棉花清理设备多为细绒棉清理设备,不能直接用于长绒棉清理。因此本文提出了一款适用于长绒棉的皮棉清理机,介绍了结构组成、工作原理、技术特点,并通过试验测量了皮棉清理机的清杂效率以及对纤维长度的损耗,提升了机采长绒棉清杂后的品质,为实现精品长绒棉全程机械化生产奠定基础。

基于图像处理的胶版印刷过程纸张掉毛掉粉问题预测方法研究

本研究建立了一种胶版印刷加工过程中,纸张表面掉毛掉粉问题的量化预测方法。选用某纸企的5个不同批次低定量涂布纸为纸样,研究了耐印性与表面性能、掉毛掉粉颗粒面积及数量等相关参数的关系。在实验建立的测试方法条件下,在纸张后加工过程中,耐印性与大颗粒(颗粒面积0.02~0.3 mm^(2))及小颗粒(颗粒面积<0.02 mm^(2))的数量均呈负相关性。通过对另一纸企纸样进行测试方法验证,发现由预测耐印长度曲线得到的耐印长度预测值与实际耐印长度相符。