Sustainability and eco-friendliness have both engendered research on alternative replacement of fossil fuel. This study was aimed at determining the effects of varying levels of glucose (10 ~ 40 g/L), and glycerol (0....Sustainability and eco-friendliness have both engendered research on alternative replacement of fossil fuel. This study was aimed at determining the effects of varying levels of glucose (10 ~ 40 g/L), and glycerol (0.25 ~ 1.0 mL/L) on the heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth and lipid production by Dictyosphaerium sp. The microalga was cultivated in 2000 mL amber-coloured bottles each containing 1000 mL of a sterile modified BG-11 medium at pH of 7.3. Each bottle was inoculated with a one-week-old pure culture of the isolate (inoculum ratio = 15%) and incubated in the dark at room temperature (30°C ± 2°C) for 10 d. Dictyosphaerium sp. showed the ability to grow heterotrophically and mixotrophically on glucose and on glycerol as a sole carbon substrates. Biomass productivity and specific growth rates did not vary when the initial medium glucose was varied. Lipid accumulation was not dependent on the initial medium glycerol contents. The mean lipid content and productivity of the organism in the present study were high enough to be utilised for industrial processes. Growth and lipid accumulations were better in mixotrophic cultures than both heterotrophic and autotrophic. However, both were better than autotrophic. The percentage compositions of the major fatty acids from Dictyosphaerium sp. grown under different culture conditions show at least five components each. The carbon skeletons eluted ranged from C14 to C22. Oleic acid was a major component of all the fatty acids, which confirm the suitability of the use of the oil for biodiesel production.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) is a clinical marker of visceral obesity and has been proposed as a simple, inexpensive, and accurate tool to estimate cardiovasc...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) is a clinical marker of visceral obesity and has been proposed as a simple, inexpensive, and accurate tool to estimate cardiovascular risk and mortality. The aim of this study was to verify the association of LAP with anthropometric, biochemical, visceral adiposity index and IR in adults and the elderly. This single cross-section center clinical study, with experimental, analytical, primary, and observational design, included 210 participants. Anthropometric (Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), and Neck Circumference (NC)), LAP, Visceral Adipose Index (VAI), and biochemical parameters (fasting glycemia, insulinemia (to calculate the Homa-IR index), total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, and triglycerides) were evaluated. The results showed that by separating the sample into three groups (adequate BMI and WC, adequate BMI and elevated WC, and elevated BMI and WC), the group with high BMI and WC showed a high value of LAP and VAI compared to the other groups, with a significant difference. Still, the data show a positive and significant correlation when relating the LAP with VAI, HOMA-IR, BMI, WC, NC, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and Diastolic Blood Pressure. It also showed an inversely proportional relationship when associating LAP with HDL-c (p < 0.0001). Thus, we show that LAP is closely related to visceral adiposity, IR, altered lipid parameters, and blood pressure, especially diastolic in the patients included in our study. For these reasons, we suggest that LAP is a reliable indicator of promising visceral adiposity for early detection of cardiovascular risk in the adult and senior population.</span>展开更多
文摘Sustainability and eco-friendliness have both engendered research on alternative replacement of fossil fuel. This study was aimed at determining the effects of varying levels of glucose (10 ~ 40 g/L), and glycerol (0.25 ~ 1.0 mL/L) on the heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth and lipid production by Dictyosphaerium sp. The microalga was cultivated in 2000 mL amber-coloured bottles each containing 1000 mL of a sterile modified BG-11 medium at pH of 7.3. Each bottle was inoculated with a one-week-old pure culture of the isolate (inoculum ratio = 15%) and incubated in the dark at room temperature (30°C ± 2°C) for 10 d. Dictyosphaerium sp. showed the ability to grow heterotrophically and mixotrophically on glucose and on glycerol as a sole carbon substrates. Biomass productivity and specific growth rates did not vary when the initial medium glucose was varied. Lipid accumulation was not dependent on the initial medium glycerol contents. The mean lipid content and productivity of the organism in the present study were high enough to be utilised for industrial processes. Growth and lipid accumulations were better in mixotrophic cultures than both heterotrophic and autotrophic. However, both were better than autotrophic. The percentage compositions of the major fatty acids from Dictyosphaerium sp. grown under different culture conditions show at least five components each. The carbon skeletons eluted ranged from C14 to C22. Oleic acid was a major component of all the fatty acids, which confirm the suitability of the use of the oil for biodiesel production.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) is a clinical marker of visceral obesity and has been proposed as a simple, inexpensive, and accurate tool to estimate cardiovascular risk and mortality. The aim of this study was to verify the association of LAP with anthropometric, biochemical, visceral adiposity index and IR in adults and the elderly. This single cross-section center clinical study, with experimental, analytical, primary, and observational design, included 210 participants. Anthropometric (Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), and Neck Circumference (NC)), LAP, Visceral Adipose Index (VAI), and biochemical parameters (fasting glycemia, insulinemia (to calculate the Homa-IR index), total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, and triglycerides) were evaluated. The results showed that by separating the sample into three groups (adequate BMI and WC, adequate BMI and elevated WC, and elevated BMI and WC), the group with high BMI and WC showed a high value of LAP and VAI compared to the other groups, with a significant difference. Still, the data show a positive and significant correlation when relating the LAP with VAI, HOMA-IR, BMI, WC, NC, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and Diastolic Blood Pressure. It also showed an inversely proportional relationship when associating LAP with HDL-c (p < 0.0001). Thus, we show that LAP is closely related to visceral adiposity, IR, altered lipid parameters, and blood pressure, especially diastolic in the patients included in our study. For these reasons, we suggest that LAP is a reliable indicator of promising visceral adiposity for early detection of cardiovascular risk in the adult and senior population.</span>
