Microalgae biomass has been reported in the literature as one of the most promising sources for obtaining different products of industrial interest such as lipids, fatty acids, carotenoids, proteins and fibers. The li...Microalgae biomass has been reported in the literature as one of the most promising sources for obtaining different products of industrial interest such as lipids, fatty acids, carotenoids, proteins and fibers. The lipid fraction of microalgae comprises neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids. It is of great importance to estimate the composition of the lipid fraction to define the potential for use, either as a raw material for the production of biofuels or for use for nutraceuticals and/or food purposes. The microalgae </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Scenedesmus</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> sp. cultivated in a photobioreactor</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> the sky open raceway type</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> was evaluated for lipid content, identification and quantification of lipid components obtained from different extracts. In the quantification of the lipid content, extraction methods were proposed without chemical treatment (use of solvents only) such as chloroform:methanol (2:1 v/v)—Bligh & Dyer, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate:Hexane (1:1 v/v) and others with chemical treatment such as J-Schmid-Bondzynski-Ratzlaff (acid) and saponification (basic). For the identification of the main lipid components present in the extracts, the Thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique was used. This made it possible, using a simple and inexpensive method, to identify the compounds extracted by different extraction methods, that is, it was possible to verify the selectivity of the different extraction methods. In addition, it has been shown that using these methods, widely described in the literature as methods of extracting lipids in practice, extract</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">s</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> a wide diversity of compounds. The levels of lipids obtained via solvent extraction were up to 50% higher than those obtained with chemical treatment. In lipid extracts, obtained via solvent extraction, the presence of polar compounds, glycerides, carotenoids, pigments and sterols was identified, with up to 53% being composed of an unsaponifiable fraction</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">, </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">thus, presenting low selectivity for extracting fatty components. The acidic and basic treatments applied to the biomass of </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Scenedesmus</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> sp. showed greater selectivity for obtaining fat components of 71</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">47</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">%</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> and 94</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">99%, respectively. The results showed that depending on the solvent/method used to quantify the lipids, the selectivity for obtaining the grease fraction, fundamental for conversion into biofuels, varies and the total lipid content may be overestimated.展开更多
目的研究复方玄驹胶囊对肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征患者的临床效果。方法采用随机数字表法将172例受试对象分为研究组和对照组,各86例。对照组予以二甲双胍进行治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上联合复方玄驹胶囊进行治疗。对比患者临床疗效、血...目的研究复方玄驹胶囊对肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征患者的临床效果。方法采用随机数字表法将172例受试对象分为研究组和对照组,各86例。对照组予以二甲双胍进行治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上联合复方玄驹胶囊进行治疗。对比患者临床疗效、血脂水平、性激素水平、促排卵效果、不良反应。结果在接受治疗后,研究组的总有效率高于对照组(91.86%vs 72.09%,P<0.05)。研究组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较对照组改善更明显[(2.29±0.32、3.36±0.51、1.17±0.37、1.57±0.47)vs(2.04±0.28、4.57±0.66、1.56±0.33、2.61±0.58)mmol·L^(-1),均P<0.05];较对照组而言,研究组黄体生成素、睾酮水平下降[(6.16±1.23 vs 9.23±1.38)IU·L^(-1),(1.27±0.35 vs 1.86±0.43)nmol·L^(-1),均P<0.05],雌二醇、促卵泡激素水平上升[(95.32±13.56 vs 82.70±11.15)pg·mL^(-1),(9.11±1.09 vs 7.48±1.22)IU·L^(-1),P<0.05]。研究组的子宫内膜厚度及成熟卵泡数[(1.02±0.21)cm,(2.18±0.22)个]高于对照组[(0.76±0.25)cm,(1.53±0.26)个](均P<0.05),研究组促排卵天数少于对照组(9.47±0.54 vs 13.39±1.38)d(P<0.05)。两组不良反应差异无统计学意义(11.63%vs 13.95%,P>0.05)。结论复方玄驹胶囊治疗肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征效果显著,能有效促进排卵、调节性激素水平、改善血脂代谢。展开更多
Macadamia nuts (Macadamia integrifolia) grown in Venezuela have showed an average total fat content of 70%. Oleic acid (18:1) was the main monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (51.3%), followed by palmitoleic acid (16:1,...Macadamia nuts (Macadamia integrifolia) grown in Venezuela have showed an average total fat content of 70%. Oleic acid (18:1) was the main monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (51.3%), followed by palmitoleic acid (16:1, 22.6%). The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), C18:2 and C18:3 represented 5.4%. Thus, MUFAs and PUFAs together constituted more than 80% of the total fatty acids present. Trans-vaccenic acid was also present (3%). As regards to other phytochemical compounds, tocopherols and tocotrienols were not found in the sample, but the presence of squalene was detected.The antioxidant activity (44.2%) of the extract was produced by the phytochemicals present.展开更多
背景:近年来中国传统中医药在预防和治疗股骨头坏死方面的研究较多,并发现多种单味中药、中药单体及中药复方可以通过靶向信号分子调控骨代谢、脂质代谢和氧化应激相关信号通路预防和治疗股骨头坏死,已成为了时下研究热点。目的:通过阐...背景:近年来中国传统中医药在预防和治疗股骨头坏死方面的研究较多,并发现多种单味中药、中药单体及中药复方可以通过靶向信号分子调控骨代谢、脂质代谢和氧化应激相关信号通路预防和治疗股骨头坏死,已成为了时下研究热点。目的:通过阐述国内外中医药对激素性股骨头坏死方面的研究进展,以期为激素性股骨头坏死的治疗提供一些思路。方法:以中文检索词“糖皮质激素、股骨头坏死、发病机制、信号通路、中药复方、氧化应激”检索中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库;以英文检索词“Glucocorticoids,ANFH,Pathogenesis,Signal path,Chinese Medicine compound,oxidative stress”等检索PubMed、Embase及Web of Science数据库,筛选有关中药复方及有效成分干预激素性股骨头坏死信号通路的文献,按照入选及排除标准共纳入71篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①中医药可能通过多个信号通路来治疗激素性股骨头坏死;②三七总皂苷、骨碎补总黄酮和白藜芦醇葡萄糖甙通过干预Wnt/β-catenin信号通路调控β-catenin蛋白数量以及β-catenin-TCF/LEF复合体形成过程来促进成骨细胞增殖分化,抑制破骨细胞形成;③生血补髓方、温阳补肾方和骨痹通消方通过干预OPG/RANK/RANKL通路维持成骨-破骨细胞动态平衡和骨稳态;④葛根素、红景天苷、大蒜素和淫羊藿苷通过干预PI3K/Akt信号通路影响相关骨性细胞的增殖、凋亡及股骨头微血管内皮细胞成血管的过程;⑤人参皂苷,通过干预Keapl-Nrf2-ARE信号通路,可下调超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的表达,从而减弱氧化应激损伤;⑥天麻素、叶黄素和黄芪甲苷Ⅳ通过干预Nrf2/HO-1促进成骨细胞增殖分化,改善氧化物质水平;⑦柚皮苷和虎杖苷通过干预Nrf2/ARE信号通路恢复了骨髓间质干细胞的成骨/成脂分化平衡用等;⑧中医药调控骨性细胞氧化应激反应是其治疗激素性股骨头坏死的另一种重要途径。展开更多
文摘Microalgae biomass has been reported in the literature as one of the most promising sources for obtaining different products of industrial interest such as lipids, fatty acids, carotenoids, proteins and fibers. The lipid fraction of microalgae comprises neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids. It is of great importance to estimate the composition of the lipid fraction to define the potential for use, either as a raw material for the production of biofuels or for use for nutraceuticals and/or food purposes. The microalgae </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Scenedesmus</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> sp. cultivated in a photobioreactor</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> the sky open raceway type</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> was evaluated for lipid content, identification and quantification of lipid components obtained from different extracts. In the quantification of the lipid content, extraction methods were proposed without chemical treatment (use of solvents only) such as chloroform:methanol (2:1 v/v)—Bligh & Dyer, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate:Hexane (1:1 v/v) and others with chemical treatment such as J-Schmid-Bondzynski-Ratzlaff (acid) and saponification (basic). For the identification of the main lipid components present in the extracts, the Thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique was used. This made it possible, using a simple and inexpensive method, to identify the compounds extracted by different extraction methods, that is, it was possible to verify the selectivity of the different extraction methods. In addition, it has been shown that using these methods, widely described in the literature as methods of extracting lipids in practice, extract</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">s</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> a wide diversity of compounds. The levels of lipids obtained via solvent extraction were up to 50% higher than those obtained with chemical treatment. In lipid extracts, obtained via solvent extraction, the presence of polar compounds, glycerides, carotenoids, pigments and sterols was identified, with up to 53% being composed of an unsaponifiable fraction</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">, </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">thus, presenting low selectivity for extracting fatty components. The acidic and basic treatments applied to the biomass of </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Scenedesmus</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> sp. showed greater selectivity for obtaining fat components of 71</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">47</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">%</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> and 94</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">99%, respectively. The results showed that depending on the solvent/method used to quantify the lipids, the selectivity for obtaining the grease fraction, fundamental for conversion into biofuels, varies and the total lipid content may be overestimated.
文摘目的研究复方玄驹胶囊对肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征患者的临床效果。方法采用随机数字表法将172例受试对象分为研究组和对照组,各86例。对照组予以二甲双胍进行治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上联合复方玄驹胶囊进行治疗。对比患者临床疗效、血脂水平、性激素水平、促排卵效果、不良反应。结果在接受治疗后,研究组的总有效率高于对照组(91.86%vs 72.09%,P<0.05)。研究组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较对照组改善更明显[(2.29±0.32、3.36±0.51、1.17±0.37、1.57±0.47)vs(2.04±0.28、4.57±0.66、1.56±0.33、2.61±0.58)mmol·L^(-1),均P<0.05];较对照组而言,研究组黄体生成素、睾酮水平下降[(6.16±1.23 vs 9.23±1.38)IU·L^(-1),(1.27±0.35 vs 1.86±0.43)nmol·L^(-1),均P<0.05],雌二醇、促卵泡激素水平上升[(95.32±13.56 vs 82.70±11.15)pg·mL^(-1),(9.11±1.09 vs 7.48±1.22)IU·L^(-1),P<0.05]。研究组的子宫内膜厚度及成熟卵泡数[(1.02±0.21)cm,(2.18±0.22)个]高于对照组[(0.76±0.25)cm,(1.53±0.26)个](均P<0.05),研究组促排卵天数少于对照组(9.47±0.54 vs 13.39±1.38)d(P<0.05)。两组不良反应差异无统计学意义(11.63%vs 13.95%,P>0.05)。结论复方玄驹胶囊治疗肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征效果显著,能有效促进排卵、调节性激素水平、改善血脂代谢。
文摘Macadamia nuts (Macadamia integrifolia) grown in Venezuela have showed an average total fat content of 70%. Oleic acid (18:1) was the main monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (51.3%), followed by palmitoleic acid (16:1, 22.6%). The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), C18:2 and C18:3 represented 5.4%. Thus, MUFAs and PUFAs together constituted more than 80% of the total fatty acids present. Trans-vaccenic acid was also present (3%). As regards to other phytochemical compounds, tocopherols and tocotrienols were not found in the sample, but the presence of squalene was detected.The antioxidant activity (44.2%) of the extract was produced by the phytochemicals present.
文摘背景:近年来中国传统中医药在预防和治疗股骨头坏死方面的研究较多,并发现多种单味中药、中药单体及中药复方可以通过靶向信号分子调控骨代谢、脂质代谢和氧化应激相关信号通路预防和治疗股骨头坏死,已成为了时下研究热点。目的:通过阐述国内外中医药对激素性股骨头坏死方面的研究进展,以期为激素性股骨头坏死的治疗提供一些思路。方法:以中文检索词“糖皮质激素、股骨头坏死、发病机制、信号通路、中药复方、氧化应激”检索中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库;以英文检索词“Glucocorticoids,ANFH,Pathogenesis,Signal path,Chinese Medicine compound,oxidative stress”等检索PubMed、Embase及Web of Science数据库,筛选有关中药复方及有效成分干预激素性股骨头坏死信号通路的文献,按照入选及排除标准共纳入71篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①中医药可能通过多个信号通路来治疗激素性股骨头坏死;②三七总皂苷、骨碎补总黄酮和白藜芦醇葡萄糖甙通过干预Wnt/β-catenin信号通路调控β-catenin蛋白数量以及β-catenin-TCF/LEF复合体形成过程来促进成骨细胞增殖分化,抑制破骨细胞形成;③生血补髓方、温阳补肾方和骨痹通消方通过干预OPG/RANK/RANKL通路维持成骨-破骨细胞动态平衡和骨稳态;④葛根素、红景天苷、大蒜素和淫羊藿苷通过干预PI3K/Akt信号通路影响相关骨性细胞的增殖、凋亡及股骨头微血管内皮细胞成血管的过程;⑤人参皂苷,通过干预Keapl-Nrf2-ARE信号通路,可下调超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的表达,从而减弱氧化应激损伤;⑥天麻素、叶黄素和黄芪甲苷Ⅳ通过干预Nrf2/HO-1促进成骨细胞增殖分化,改善氧化物质水平;⑦柚皮苷和虎杖苷通过干预Nrf2/ARE信号通路恢复了骨髓间质干细胞的成骨/成脂分化平衡用等;⑧中医药调控骨性细胞氧化应激反应是其治疗激素性股骨头坏死的另一种重要途径。