OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of hypercholsterolemia induced by a high-lipid diet on glomerulosclerosis. METHODS: Twenty nephrotic syndrome (NS) Wistar rats administrated adriamycin (ADR) with a single intravenou...OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of hypercholsterolemia induced by a high-lipid diet on glomerulosclerosis. METHODS: Twenty nephrotic syndrome (NS) Wistar rats administrated adriamycin (ADR) with a single intravenous dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, were divided into the standard and high-lipid chow groups. Another 20 weight-matched non-NS rats that received a vehicle alone were grouped as control. Urinary protein excretion and serum cholesterol were assayed; image analysis and techniques of pathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology were used to determine morphological changes in glomeruli and the production of glomerular mesangial matrices in different groups. RESULTS: The serum total cholesterol level was significantly higher in rats with high-lipid chow in both non-NS [(2.2 +/- 0.3) g/L vs. (0.9 +/- 0.1) g/L, P展开更多
Purpose of Review: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a limited ability to excrete fluids, electrolytes, uremic toxins and other end-products of catabolism. Studies on adverse renal outcomes with dietary ...Purpose of Review: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a limited ability to excrete fluids, electrolytes, uremic toxins and other end-products of catabolism. Studies on adverse renal outcomes with dietary patterns are limited. Methods: Comprehensive search in PubMed of papers published until June 2024 describing prospective cohort studies on renal nutritional therapy (RNT) with at least 3 years of follow up. Results: RNT should include adequate yet limited amounts of calories, fluids, protein, lipids, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. RNT is an adjuvant to specific drug-therapy in 1) certain complications viz. fluid overload, anemia and renal osteodystrophy, and 2) specific kidney diseases viz. glomerulopathies, tubulopathies, polycystic kidney disease, calcium oxalates urolithiasis and cystinuria, as well as 3) types of renal failure viz acute and chronic and its treatment viz. hemodialysis, peritoneal and transplantation. Conclusion: RNT is patient-specific and should be systematically planned to delay the progression of CKD as well as to prevent and treat its complications.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the anti-obesity activity of ethanolic extract of cashew apple using various in vitro and in vivo models.Methods:Phytochemical screening was carried out in ethanolic extract of cashew apple,follo...Objective:To evaluate the anti-obesity activity of ethanolic extract of cashew apple using various in vitro and in vivo models.Methods:Phytochemical screening was carried out in ethanolic extract of cashew apple,followed by quantification of phenol and flavonoid.Antioxidant potential was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)scavenging assays.The inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of cashew apple on atic lipase was also studied.In addition,anti-obesity activity was determα-amylase and pancreined in two in vivo models,lipid emulsion model and atherogenic diet-induced obese rat model.Levels of postprandial plasma triglycerides were assessed in lipid emulsion model,whereas serum lipid profile,in vivo antioxidants and histopathological studies of the carotid artery and liver were performed in an atherogenic diet-induced obese model.Results:Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates,alkaloids,polyphenols,terpenoids,and steroids.The in vitro assays showed inhibition of otential.Ethanolic extract of cashew appα-amylase and pancreatic lipase and strong antioxidant ple showed significant and timedependent inhibitory activity on postprandial triglycerides after administration of lipid emulsion for 5 h.Ethanolic extract of cashew apple at 200 and 400 mg/kg on day 60 showed a significant reduction in body weight,body mass index and atherogenic index,whereas lipid profile and liver function marker levels in the serum were decreased in a dose-dependent manner at time intervals(day 0,20,40,and 60)compared to the atherogenic diet-induced obese rats.Histological observations showed reduced non-alcoholic fatty liver deposits and decreased atherosclerotic fatty streak plaques(carotid artery)after treatment with ethanolic extract of cashew apple.Conclusions:Ethanolic extract of cashew apple ameliorates obesity,which may be partly mediated by its delayed absorption of cholesterol and carbohydrates.展开更多
Xylitol is an alternative sweetener which has been previously reported to have many beneficial effects such as prevention from dental caries, reduction of visceral fat and increased synthesis of collagen. However, its...Xylitol is an alternative sweetener which has been previously reported to have many beneficial effects such as prevention from dental caries, reduction of visceral fat and increased synthesis of collagen. However, its role in body weight loss management has not been uncovered before. This study sought to investigate the effects of xylitol on body weight loss management, blood glucose and lipid profile on diet-induced obesity (DOI) mice. Fifteen male mice were subjected to high fat diet (60 kcal%) and normal drinking water for 28 days and then randomly divided into three (control, glucose and xylitol) groups. Each group of mice was then fed with normal diet for another 28 days with supplied normal drinking water (control);glucose solution 10% and xylitol solution 10%. Body weight loss was found to be significantly high in xylitol mice (2.56 ± 0.21, p = 0.003) compared to the other two groups. Lowest blood glucose level was found in the control group mice with the mean 7.65 ± 0.10 (p = 0.001). Xylitol mice had also showed the lowest total cholesterol level (4.20 ± 0.90, p = 0.000) than the other groups, but highest in HDL level (2.72 ± 0.14, p = 0.000). In conclusion, these findings proved that xylitol has the potential to reduce body weight, lowering the blood glucose but yet increase the HDL level.展开更多
Objective To examine the effects of chlorogenic acid （CGA） on lipid and glucose metabolism under a high dietary fat burden and to explore the possible role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α （PPAR-α...Objective To examine the effects of chlorogenic acid （CGA） on lipid and glucose metabolism under a high dietary fat burden and to explore the possible role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α （PPAR-α） in these effects. Methods Twenty male golden hamsters were randomly divided into CGA treatment group （n=10, given peritoneal injection of CGA solution prepared with PBS, 80 mg CGA/kg body weight daily）, and control group （n=10, given PBS i.p. at the average volume of the treatment group）. Animals in both groups were given 15% high fat diet. Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the level of biochemical parameters in fasting serum and tissues and the expression of hepatic mRNA and protein PPAR-α were determined. Results Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the levels of fasting serum triglyceride （TG）, free fatty acid （FFA）, total cholesterol （TC）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, glucose （FSG）, and insulin （FSI） were significantly lower in the GGA treatment group than in the control group. CGA also led to higher activity of hepatic lipase （HL） lower contents of TG and FFA in liver, and lower activity of lipoprotein lipase （LPL） in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, CGA significantly elevated significantly elevated the expression level of mRNA and protein expression in hepatic PPAR-α. Conclusion CGA can modify lipids and glucose metabolism, which may be attributed to PPAR-α facilitated lipid clearance in liver and improved insulin sensitivity.展开更多
Objective: To compare the effects of high-monounsaturated(MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) against the metabolic disorders elicited by a high-cholesterol diet(HC) in rats. Methods: Using in vivo dietary man...Objective: To compare the effects of high-monounsaturated(MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) against the metabolic disorders elicited by a high-cholesterol diet(HC) in rats. Methods: Using in vivo dietary manipulation, rats were fed with different diets containing 4% soybean oil(cholesterol free diet) and 1% HC containing 12% olive oil(HC+OO) enriched with MUFA and 12% sunflower oil(HC+SO) enriched with PUFA for 60 d. Serum lipid levels and hepatic steatosis were evaluated after the treatment period. Results: Comparatively, rats treated with HC+OO diet experienced a decrease in the serum LDL-C, VLDL-C and CT levels compared to those fed with HC+SO diet(P<0.05). Otherwise, HC+OO provoked significant microvesicular steatosis situated in the hepatic acinar zone 1. Conclusions: HC+OO diet has high absorption velocity in the acinar zone 1 of liver compared to the HC+SO diet. Based on this, the reduction of the LDL-C, VLDL-C and CT serum levels in the animals treated with HC+OO diet can be caused by the delay in the FA release to the blood.展开更多
Accumulating data suggest that consuming dietary flaxseed oil(FSO)was a potential strategy for treating diet-induced lipid metabolism disorder(LMD).Effects of FSO on high-fat-diet(HFD)induced LMD and gut microbiota we...Accumulating data suggest that consuming dietary flaxseed oil(FSO)was a potential strategy for treating diet-induced lipid metabolism disorder(LMD).Effects of FSO on high-fat-diet(HFD)induced LMD and gut microbiota were studied in C57/BL6J mice.Results showed that FSO remarkably suppressed body weight gain induced by HFD and also attenuated LMD by decreasing levels of total cholesterol(TC),total triglyceride(TG),lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA)and fasting bloodglucose(FBG)in serum.FSO treatment modulated mRNA expression level of genes associated with glucose and lipid metabolism.It regulated gut microbiome at different taxonomic levels by increasing proportions of beneficial Alistipes,Anaeroplasma,Bifidobacterium and inhibiting the growth of insulin resistance or obesity-associated bacteria such as Adlercreutzia,Dorea and Sporosarcina,compared with HFD group.Spearman's correlation analysis suggested that modulation of gut microbiota by FSO were closely related with LMD parameters.These findings might help us to better understand FSO impact on human health.展开更多
目的:采用高蛋白谷朊粉为主要原料制作面包作为小鼠饮食,观测低碳水高蛋白(low carbohydrate and high protein diet,LC-HP)饮食与高油、高糖饮食对小鼠血脂、免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响。方法:将健康的昆明种小鼠随机分为低碳水高蛋白...目的:采用高蛋白谷朊粉为主要原料制作面包作为小鼠饮食,观测低碳水高蛋白(low carbohydrate and high protein diet,LC-HP)饮食与高油、高糖饮食对小鼠血脂、免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响。方法:将健康的昆明种小鼠随机分为低碳水高蛋白组(A组,碳水化合物CHO 11.41%,蛋白质Pr 39.18%)、对照组(B组,CHO 47.4%,Pr 9.6%)、高油组(C组,CHO 51.4%,Pr 8.5%)、高糖组(D组,CHO 60.6%,Pr 7.3%),每组10只,雌雄各半,试验期28 d。每7 d称量小鼠体重,试验期末测定脏器系数,检测血清中甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)水平、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)、血清白细胞介素6(interleukin 6,IL-6);16S rDNA测序检测小鼠粪便样本中菌群的变化。结果:A组小鼠体重增长率显著低于C组和D组(P<0.05);A组小鼠总TG、TC水平显著低于其它三组(P<0.05),A组小鼠LDL-C水平显著低于C、D组(P<0.05),A组小鼠HDL-C水平显著高于D组(P<0.05);A组免疫器官系数高于其它三组但无显著性;A组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6水平显著高于C、D组(P<0.05);A组反映肠道中微生物群落的丰富性和多样性的ACE、Chao1和Shannon指数均高于其他三组,且有益菌相对丰度显著(P<0.05)增加。结论:小鼠进食低碳水面包,与进食普通面包和进食高糖高油面包比较,能够降低体重增长率和血脂水平,调节免疫指标,改善肠道菌群组成,且确证了面包高糖比高油的健康不利影响更大。展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of hypercholsterolemia induced by a high-lipid diet on glomerulosclerosis. METHODS: Twenty nephrotic syndrome (NS) Wistar rats administrated adriamycin (ADR) with a single intravenous dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, were divided into the standard and high-lipid chow groups. Another 20 weight-matched non-NS rats that received a vehicle alone were grouped as control. Urinary protein excretion and serum cholesterol were assayed; image analysis and techniques of pathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology were used to determine morphological changes in glomeruli and the production of glomerular mesangial matrices in different groups. RESULTS: The serum total cholesterol level was significantly higher in rats with high-lipid chow in both non-NS [(2.2 +/- 0.3) g/L vs. (0.9 +/- 0.1) g/L, P
文摘Purpose of Review: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a limited ability to excrete fluids, electrolytes, uremic toxins and other end-products of catabolism. Studies on adverse renal outcomes with dietary patterns are limited. Methods: Comprehensive search in PubMed of papers published until June 2024 describing prospective cohort studies on renal nutritional therapy (RNT) with at least 3 years of follow up. Results: RNT should include adequate yet limited amounts of calories, fluids, protein, lipids, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. RNT is an adjuvant to specific drug-therapy in 1) certain complications viz. fluid overload, anemia and renal osteodystrophy, and 2) specific kidney diseases viz. glomerulopathies, tubulopathies, polycystic kidney disease, calcium oxalates urolithiasis and cystinuria, as well as 3) types of renal failure viz acute and chronic and its treatment viz. hemodialysis, peritoneal and transplantation. Conclusion: RNT is patient-specific and should be systematically planned to delay the progression of CKD as well as to prevent and treat its complications.
基金supported by University Grants Commission,New Delhi having following reference no-F1-17.1/2016-17/RGNF-2015-17-SC–AND-27076/(SAIII/Website).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the anti-obesity activity of ethanolic extract of cashew apple using various in vitro and in vivo models.Methods:Phytochemical screening was carried out in ethanolic extract of cashew apple,followed by quantification of phenol and flavonoid.Antioxidant potential was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)scavenging assays.The inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of cashew apple on atic lipase was also studied.In addition,anti-obesity activity was determα-amylase and pancreined in two in vivo models,lipid emulsion model and atherogenic diet-induced obese rat model.Levels of postprandial plasma triglycerides were assessed in lipid emulsion model,whereas serum lipid profile,in vivo antioxidants and histopathological studies of the carotid artery and liver were performed in an atherogenic diet-induced obese model.Results:Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates,alkaloids,polyphenols,terpenoids,and steroids.The in vitro assays showed inhibition of otential.Ethanolic extract of cashew appα-amylase and pancreatic lipase and strong antioxidant ple showed significant and timedependent inhibitory activity on postprandial triglycerides after administration of lipid emulsion for 5 h.Ethanolic extract of cashew apple at 200 and 400 mg/kg on day 60 showed a significant reduction in body weight,body mass index and atherogenic index,whereas lipid profile and liver function marker levels in the serum were decreased in a dose-dependent manner at time intervals(day 0,20,40,and 60)compared to the atherogenic diet-induced obese rats.Histological observations showed reduced non-alcoholic fatty liver deposits and decreased atherosclerotic fatty streak plaques(carotid artery)after treatment with ethanolic extract of cashew apple.Conclusions:Ethanolic extract of cashew apple ameliorates obesity,which may be partly mediated by its delayed absorption of cholesterol and carbohydrates.
文摘Xylitol is an alternative sweetener which has been previously reported to have many beneficial effects such as prevention from dental caries, reduction of visceral fat and increased synthesis of collagen. However, its role in body weight loss management has not been uncovered before. This study sought to investigate the effects of xylitol on body weight loss management, blood glucose and lipid profile on diet-induced obesity (DOI) mice. Fifteen male mice were subjected to high fat diet (60 kcal%) and normal drinking water for 28 days and then randomly divided into three (control, glucose and xylitol) groups. Each group of mice was then fed with normal diet for another 28 days with supplied normal drinking water (control);glucose solution 10% and xylitol solution 10%. Body weight loss was found to be significantly high in xylitol mice (2.56 ± 0.21, p = 0.003) compared to the other two groups. Lowest blood glucose level was found in the control group mice with the mean 7.65 ± 0.10 (p = 0.001). Xylitol mice had also showed the lowest total cholesterol level (4.20 ± 0.90, p = 0.000) than the other groups, but highest in HDL level (2.72 ± 0.14, p = 0.000). In conclusion, these findings proved that xylitol has the potential to reduce body weight, lowering the blood glucose but yet increase the HDL level.
基金supported by 2003 Nutrition Research Fund of Chinese Nutrition Society
文摘Objective To examine the effects of chlorogenic acid （CGA） on lipid and glucose metabolism under a high dietary fat burden and to explore the possible role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α （PPAR-α） in these effects. Methods Twenty male golden hamsters were randomly divided into CGA treatment group （n=10, given peritoneal injection of CGA solution prepared with PBS, 80 mg CGA/kg body weight daily）, and control group （n=10, given PBS i.p. at the average volume of the treatment group）. Animals in both groups were given 15% high fat diet. Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the level of biochemical parameters in fasting serum and tissues and the expression of hepatic mRNA and protein PPAR-α were determined. Results Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the levels of fasting serum triglyceride （TG）, free fatty acid （FFA）, total cholesterol （TC）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, glucose （FSG）, and insulin （FSI） were significantly lower in the GGA treatment group than in the control group. CGA also led to higher activity of hepatic lipase （HL） lower contents of TG and FFA in liver, and lower activity of lipoprotein lipase （LPL） in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, CGA significantly elevated significantly elevated the expression level of mRNA and protein expression in hepatic PPAR-α. Conclusion CGA can modify lipids and glucose metabolism, which may be attributed to PPAR-α facilitated lipid clearance in liver and improved insulin sensitivity.
文摘Objective: To compare the effects of high-monounsaturated(MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) against the metabolic disorders elicited by a high-cholesterol diet(HC) in rats. Methods: Using in vivo dietary manipulation, rats were fed with different diets containing 4% soybean oil(cholesterol free diet) and 1% HC containing 12% olive oil(HC+OO) enriched with MUFA and 12% sunflower oil(HC+SO) enriched with PUFA for 60 d. Serum lipid levels and hepatic steatosis were evaluated after the treatment period. Results: Comparatively, rats treated with HC+OO diet experienced a decrease in the serum LDL-C, VLDL-C and CT levels compared to those fed with HC+SO diet(P<0.05). Otherwise, HC+OO provoked significant microvesicular steatosis situated in the hepatic acinar zone 1. Conclusions: HC+OO diet has high absorption velocity in the acinar zone 1 of liver compared to the HC+SO diet. Based on this, the reduction of the LDL-C, VLDL-C and CT serum levels in the animals treated with HC+OO diet can be caused by the delay in the FA release to the blood.
基金supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1610172019009)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-14)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAASASTIP-2013-OCRI)
文摘Accumulating data suggest that consuming dietary flaxseed oil(FSO)was a potential strategy for treating diet-induced lipid metabolism disorder(LMD).Effects of FSO on high-fat-diet(HFD)induced LMD and gut microbiota were studied in C57/BL6J mice.Results showed that FSO remarkably suppressed body weight gain induced by HFD and also attenuated LMD by decreasing levels of total cholesterol(TC),total triglyceride(TG),lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA)and fasting bloodglucose(FBG)in serum.FSO treatment modulated mRNA expression level of genes associated with glucose and lipid metabolism.It regulated gut microbiome at different taxonomic levels by increasing proportions of beneficial Alistipes,Anaeroplasma,Bifidobacterium and inhibiting the growth of insulin resistance or obesity-associated bacteria such as Adlercreutzia,Dorea and Sporosarcina,compared with HFD group.Spearman's correlation analysis suggested that modulation of gut microbiota by FSO were closely related with LMD parameters.These findings might help us to better understand FSO impact on human health.
文摘本试验旨在研究投喂频率对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatu)生长性能、免疫、血清及肝脏生化指标的影响。在摄食高脂饲料的条件下,采用4种投喂频率(1、2、3、4次/d)投喂初始质量为(11.51±0.02)g的石斑鱼56 d,共360尾,每种投喂频率设3个重复,每个重复1个0.3 m 3玻璃钢桶,每桶30尾鱼。结果表明:1)1次/d组石斑鱼终末体质量(FBM)、增重率(WGR)及特定生长率(SGR)显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。2次/d组饲料系数(FCR)最低,显著低于1次/d组(P<0.05)。投喂频率对石斑鱼脏体比(VSI)、肝体比(HSI)与肥满度(CF)无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)1次/d组血清甘油三酯(TG)含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。各组间血清总胆固醇(TC)含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着投喂频率的升高,血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量呈逐渐降低趋势,在1次/d组有最大值,显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量则呈相反趋势,在1次/d组有最小值,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈上升的趋势,在4次/d组有最大值,显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)呈先上升后稳定的趋势,3、4次/d组显著高于1、2次/d组(P<0.05)。3)1次/d组肝脏T-AOC,CAT、SOD、溶菌酶(LYS)活性及免疫球蛋白(IgM)含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。4)4次/d组肝脏TG含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。1次/d组肝脏TC含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。4次/d组肝脏极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。4次/d组肝脏脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),肝脏肝脂酶(HL)活性呈现上升趋势,3、4次/d组显著高于1、2次/d组(P<0.05)。3次/d组肝脏甘油三脂酶(ATGL)活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。综上所述,适宜的投喂频率能提高石斑鱼的生长性能、抗氧化能力和脂代谢能力。本试验条件下,摄食高脂饲料石斑鱼的最佳投喂频率为2次/d。
